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This research project was an empirical study of a number of variables and their relationship to commitment to the work ethic among a systematically selected sample of middle class professionals, some of whom worked with the poor (social workers and public defenders) and some of whom did not (computer scientists). Membership rosters of national professional organizations were used to select the sample. An original mail survey, the Work and Poverty Survey, was used to gather data on the respondents' commitments to the work ethic, knowledge about the poor, perceptions of the poor, and attitudes toward a variety of social welfare programs (both individualistically and structurally oriented). Of the 230 returned questionnaires (out of a sample of 427), 202 were useable. Composite variables were constructed from Likert-type rating scales to measure several key variables. The data were subjected to a number of statistical tests, using appropriate subprograms of SPSS. Frequency distributions, Cronbach's alpha, factor analysis, multiple regressions and Pearson correlation coefficients were utilized and the data analyzed in testing the eight stated hypotheses. Substantial majorities from each professional group endorsed the work ethic. Attitudes toward a variety of social welfare programs were the most significant predictors of commitment to the work ethic. The respondents were not knowledgeable about the poor. Both knowledge of and perception of the poor were inversely correlated with commitment to the work ethic. Respondents seemed to support both structurally and individualistically oriented social welfare programs for the poor. / Ph. D.

Literature illustrates that work attitudes and work behaviors of young agricUltural workers are of major concern to employers, even exceeding their concern about academic skills students bring to the work environment. Little consistency is found in the research about the relationships of various factors to work attitudes and work behaviors of agricUltural education students. The primary purpose of this study was to examine work attitUdes and work behaviors of students in secondary agricultural education programs in selected counties in Virginia and to assess the relationships and predictive value of certain variables to work attitudes and work behavior. The independent variables were gender, academic skills (reading, mathematics, and writing), supervision, work variety, nature (importance) of job, relationship of work and school, and learning on the job. Survey methods were used to collect the data. The study participants consisted of 477 sophomore, junior, and senior students from three rural counties in Virginia. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Factor analysis of the work attitude statements resulted in identification of three factors which were named cynicism about work, intrinsic motivation about work, and extrinsic motivation about work. Factor analysis of work behavior statements resulted in a single factor that had to do with honest behavior on the job. / Ph. D.

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Text in Afrikaans / Die doel van hierdie verkennende studie was om ondersoek in te stel na die prestasiewaardes onderliggend aan Affektiewe, Kontinulteits- en Normatiewe organisasieverbintenis van werknemers binne die motorywerheid in Suid-Afrika. 'n Steekproef van 113 werknemers is uit verskillende motorhandelaars geselekteer. Daarna is ondersoek ingestel na watter prestasiewaardes betekenisvolle voorspellers van organisasieverbintenis is. Daar is bevind dat die prestasiewaardes mededinging en materiele welvaart betekenisvolle voorspellers van affektiewe organisasieverbintenis is, en dat die prestasiewaardes materiele welvaart en strewe na uitmuntendheid betekenisvolle voorspellers van kontinuiteitsorganisasieverbintenis is, maar dat geeneen van die prestasiewaardes wat huidig wereldwyd erken word, betekenisvolle voorspellers van normatiewe organisasieverbintenis in die motomywerheid is nie. Dit het verreikende irnplikasies vir die Suid-Afrikaanse motorhandelaar. Hierbenewens is dit ook duidelik uit die navorsingsresultate dat die prestasiewaardes mededinging, materiele welvaart en strewe na uitmuntendheid hulself daartoe leen om op 'n geintegreerde wyse deur bestuur van motorhandelaars aangewend te word ten einde hul kumulatiewe invloed op organisasieverbintenis optimaal te kan benut. / The objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the performance values subjacent to affective, continuity and normative organisation commitment of employees in the motor industry in South Africa. A sample of 113 employees was selected from different dealerships. Thereafter an investigation was done to establish which performance values were meaningful predictors of organisation commitment. It was found that the performance values competition and material gain were meaningful predictors of affective organisation commitment, and the performance values material gain and excellence were meaningful predictors of continuity organisation commitment, but that none of the performance values which are contemporarily recognised world-wide were meaningful predictors of normative organisation commitment. This has far-reaching implications for South African motor dealers. It was also apparent from the results that the performance values competition, material gain and excellence can be utilized in an integrated way by management of motor dealers in order to ensure optimal utilization of their cumulative impact on organisation commitment. / Industrial psychology / M.Com. (Industrial Psychology)

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Text in Afrikaans / Die doel van hierdie verkennende studie was om ondersoek in te stel na die prestasiewaardes onderliggend aan Affektiewe, Kontinulteits- en Normatiewe organisasieverbintenis van werknemers binne die motorywerheid in Suid-Afrika. 'n Steekproef van 113 werknemers is uit verskillende motorhandelaars geselekteer. Daarna is ondersoek ingestel na watter prestasiewaardes betekenisvolle voorspellers van organisasieverbintenis is. Daar is bevind dat die prestasiewaardes mededinging en materiele welvaart betekenisvolle voorspellers van affektiewe organisasieverbintenis is, en dat die prestasiewaardes materiele welvaart en strewe na uitmuntendheid betekenisvolle voorspellers van kontinuiteitsorganisasieverbintenis is, maar dat geeneen van die prestasiewaardes wat huidig wereldwyd erken word, betekenisvolle voorspellers van normatiewe organisasieverbintenis in die motomywerheid is nie. Dit het verreikende irnplikasies vir die Suid-Afrikaanse motorhandelaar. Hierbenewens is dit ook duidelik uit die navorsingsresultate dat die prestasiewaardes mededinging, materiele welvaart en strewe na uitmuntendheid hulself daartoe leen om op 'n geintegreerde wyse deur bestuur van motorhandelaars aangewend te word ten einde hul kumulatiewe invloed op organisasieverbintenis optimaal te kan benut. / The objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the performance values subjacent to affective, continuity and normative organisation commitment of employees in the motor industry in South Africa. A sample of 113 employees was selected from different dealerships. Thereafter an investigation was done to establish which performance values were meaningful predictors of organisation commitment. It was found that the performance values competition and material gain were meaningful predictors of affective organisation commitment, and the performance values material gain and excellence were meaningful predictors of continuity organisation commitment, but that none of the performance values which are contemporarily recognised world-wide were meaningful predictors of normative organisation commitment. This has far-reaching implications for South African motor dealers. It was also apparent from the results that the performance values competition, material gain and excellence can be utilized in an integrated way by management of motor dealers in order to ensure optimal utilization of their cumulative impact on organisation commitment. / Industrial psychology / M.Com. (Industrial Psychology)

(in English): This paper deals with early views on industrial pauperism in texts intended for a public reading in the western part of the Habsburg monarchy during the pre-March period (here 1830-1848) and at the time of the revolution in 1848-1849. The main observed phenomenon is the dynamics of social and political imagination of the Austrian society in a relation to structural processes of European modernization. On two basic areas, journalism and literature, it explores development of views on the mass poverty from the general romantic rejection of modernization process to the proposals for solutions of the social question, which were formulated on the basis of affiliation to any political camp, for example, education by liberalism or the welfare state by socialism. The work does not deal so much with a thinking of big personalities of social theory, but rather focuses on the everyday negotiations dichotomy of "old" and "new", which was led by nowadays more or less forgotten authors.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between dimensions of work ethic and dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and counterproductive work behavior (CWB). Design/Methodology/Approach: Data were collected from employed individuals in MBA and undergraduate management courses and their work supervisors (N = 233). Participants represented diverse occupations with respect to job levels and industries. Participants completed the work ethic inventory, and participants’ managers completed ratings of OCB and CWB. Findings: The work ethic dimension of centrality of work was positively related to both dimensions of OCB (i.e., OCB-I and OCB-O), and the work ethic dimension of morality/ethics was negatively related to one of the dimensions of CWB (i.e., CWB-I). Implications: Modern perspectives on job performance recognize the multidimensional nature of the domain (i.e., the expanded criterion domain). In addition, noncognitive predictors such as work ethic have value as individual differences that are associated with performance outcomes. The assessment of such constructs can help inform selection and placement activities where a focus on OCB and CWB is important to managers. Originality/Value: This study provides additional evidence on the relationship between work ethic and performance outcomes. Previous research has provided limited information on the relationship between dimensions of work ethic and dimensions of OCB, and no information existed on the relationship between work ethic dimensions and CWB.

Work ethic has been offered as a predictor explaining key work outcomes for over a century. However, key questions remain about the antecedents and outcomes of work ethic, as well as its distinction from other variables. This symposium includes 4 empirical studies addressing these issues, advancing work ethic research in organizations.

The goal of this thesis will be to analyze ethical tools in organizations and the breadth of application of ethical codes in personnel work. First, attention will be paid to ethics, morality and law, then to professional ethics and the anti-discrimination law. The work will further deal with ethics in the context of organizational culture, standards of conduct, codes of ethics and ethical aspects of individual personnel activities. The diploma thesis will include a quantitative survey, which will be carried out in the form of online questionnaires. The respondents will be HR professionals working in approximately thirty selected large organizations in the Czech Republic. The aim of the survey will be to analyze the application of codes of ethics in these organizations, ie the use of codes of ethics governing the activities of personnel departments, the existence of professional codes of ethics for HR professionals, the influence of organizational culture on the use of ethical tools. Key words: ethic, code of ethics, personnel work, ethic in business, human resources

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