Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Occupational health (OH) in physiotherapy is well known for addressing workrelated musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs), which are high in number according to the available statistics (Fingerhut, Concha, Punnet, Steenland, & Driscoll, 2014). The introduction of the Bachelor of Science in Physiotherapy degree in Kenya in 2010 created a good platform for the development and review of occupational health content in the curriculum

Background: Stress often arises when an individual’s ability to cope with environmental stressors, is exceeded. Nurses are responsible for providing high-quality care in accordancewith laws and regulations. When there is an imbalance between high demands on quality and the nurse's ability, knowledge and competence, this can lead to them suffering from negative work-related stress. Aim: The aim was to describe nurses' experiences of negative work-related stress. Method: A literature-based study was conducted by studying the results of ten qualitative articles from healthcare sciences. Systematic searches, for articles, were performed in the two databases PubMed and Chinal. A major inclusion criterion was that the articles should be empirical studies, peer-reviewed and published from 2010 – 2020. Results: The result showed that the nurses experiences included various difficulties that were related to the relational-, work environment- and personal difficulties. The difficulties were experienced in the form of communication- and cooperation difficulties, lack of support and information, high workload, insufficient resources and difficult working conditions but also insufficient knowledge and suffering from ill-health. Conclusion: Nurses experience stress due to a limited work environment and various factors in the workplace contribute to them developing negative work-related stress. To reduce problems with nurses' negative work-related stress, their workload must be changed. For example, by ensuring that requirements do not exceed resources, developing various forms of support and improving the skills of the organization and management. / Detta examensarbete handlar om sjuksköterskors upplevelser av negativ arbetsrelaterad stress. Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskans upplevelser innefattade olika svårigheter som var relaterade till relationella-, arbetsmiljömässiga- och personliga svårigheter. Svårigheterna upplevdes i form av kommunikation- och samarbetssvårigheter, brist på stöd och information, hög arbetsbelastning, otillräckliga resurser och svåra arbetsvillkor men också otillräckliga kunskaper och att drabbas av ohälsa. Ett viktigt resultat som framkom var den höga arbetsbelastning som innebar att sjuksköterskor var tvungna att utföra flera arbetsuppgifter samtidigt som det förekom konflikter på grund av kommunikation- och samarbetssvårigheter men också brist på stöd. Den negativa arbetsrelaterade stressen fick sjuksköterskor att uppleva dålig psykisk ohälsa och sömnlöshet vilket kunde undergräva kvaliteten på vården men också tankar hos sjuksköterskor att vilja byta yrke då även löneutvecklingen inte överensstämde med det tunga arbetet. Examensarbetet beskriver hur arbetsrelaterad stress leder till fysisk- och psykisk ohälsa och sjukfrånvaro. För att förhindra stressproblem hos sjuksköterskor är en viktig strategi som noterades att erhålla stöd från organisation, arbetsledning och kollegor. Det fanns också ett behov av att skapa en samverkan i team, där sjuksköterskor som upplever problem kan söka hjälp. Det finns också behov av att skapa gemensamma utrymmen, där sjuksköterskor kan vila men också ha en social gemenskap med varandra under pauser. I studien inkluderades tio kvalitativa vårdvetenskapliga artiklar som analyserades med hjälp aven femstegsmodell utifrån syftet att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av negativ arbetsrelaterad stress. Sjuksköterskor har ansvar att tillhandhålla omvårdnad av hög kvalitet i enlighet med lagar och författningar. När det uppstår en obalans mellan höga krav på kvalitét och sjuksköterskansförmåga, kunskap och kompetens kan detta leda till att de drabbas av arbetsrelaterad stress. Framtida studier bör öka utredningen av hur man strategiskt kan lindra arbetsrelaterad stress bland sjuksköterskor.

Stress och dess påverkan på människans arbetsprestationer är väldokumenterade sedan tidigare. Hur den påverkar manliga byggnadsarbetare specifikt under en pandemi är däremot okänt och har därför valts att i denna studie närmare undersökas. Datainsamlingen genomfördes med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer med åtta byggnadsarbetare. Den insamlade datan analyserades därefter genom en tematisk analysprocess där materialet slutligen kom att delas in i sex teman. Temana benämndes: oförutsedda händelser, att tillfredsställa kundens krav, oro över att bli smittad, ökad arbetsbelastning, minskad noggrannhet och säkerhet samt försening av tidsplan. De fyra förstnämnda temana var de stressorer som deltagarna upplevde och de två sistnämnda temana var hur deltagarna upplevde att stressorerna påverkade deras arbetsprestationer. Varje funnet tema i resultatet presenterades av citat ifrån flera deltagare i studien. Den slutsats som kan dras är att byggnadsbranschen hade gynnats av att förbättra byggnadsarbetares psykosociala arbetsmiljö genom exempelvis ökat inflytande för att arbeta förebyggande mot byggnadsarbetares mentala ohälsa.

BACKGROUND Work related stress is a globally discussed and known phenomenon in countries irrespective of their stage of economic development. The nature of work related stress is harmful and uneconomic as it hampers productivity in the provision of quality services in organisations and give rise to undesirable socio-economic effects. Work related stress is a mismatch that occurs between an individual and the work environment, wherein the higher the imbalance between the external demands and an individual’s abilities. Nursing is noted for producing relatively high levels of stress due to the pressure-full and demanding nature of the job. Within nursing, nurse managers are noted to be specifically vulnerable to experiencing higher stress levels due to the stressful situations they are constantly facing, the higher the level of stress that will be experienced. Work related stress may have negative consequences for nurse managers such as lack of concern for themselves or their work and a negative self-image AIM AND OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore and describe the perceptions of nurse managers in a rural public hospital regarding work related stress. METHOD The study was explorative and descriptive qualitative in nature. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 33 nurse managers working at the designated hospital. By using content analysis five themes were identified: 1) Causes of work related stress, 2) Signs and symptoms of work related stress, 3) Consequences of work related stress, 4) Current strategies to cope with work related stress, 5) Recommended strategies to cope with work related stress. FINDINGS Nurse managers in the rural district hospital are aware of the nature of work related stress in their work, the causes and contributory factors, and several strategies they deem important to assist in the management of work related stress were recommended. CONCLUSION Nurse managers in a rural district hospital are exposed to high levels of work related stress due to the nature of their job and poor working conditions in the hospital. Recommendations to assist in the management of work related stress were made. KEYWORDS: work related stress, nurse managers, rural areas, district hospital / Dissertation (MNurs Nursing Management)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Nursing Science / MNurs (Nursing Management) / Unrestricted

A mini dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Education in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters Of Education in the Department of Educational Psychology and Special Education at the University Of Zululand, 2018 / This study attempts to establish the effects of work-related stress on educators in the Mthatha district schools, using the quantitative research approach and the simple random sampling method to select the study sample. Stress is found to be a common phenomenon within the education profession, particularly in the Mthatha district, premised on the theoretical framework of the job demand-control (JDC) theory, and its expanded version, the job demand-control support (JDCS) theory, as well as the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model. The findings of this study show that the phases of education taught by educators in the Mthatha district schools have a significant statistic relationship with work-related stress. In addition, the findings of this study indicate a significant positive relationship between the location of schools and work-related stress in the Mthatha education district. Based on these findings, this study recommends that the Department of Basic Education (DBE) should put in place effective stress management policies in schools, and improve the general working conditions of educators, particularly in rural schools. Furthermore, this study strongly recommends the upward review of salaries, and other allowances earned by educators, in order to motivate them and mitigate the effects of work-related stress in the education profession.

Background: Work-related stress among newly graduated nurses is a problem that results in ill health for the nurses and negatively impacts patient care, risking patient safety. For newly graduated nurses to provide quality and safe nursing care despite work-related stress, it is necessary to understand their experience regarding how work-related stress affects their nursingpractice. Purpose: The aim was to shed light on newly graduated nurses' experiences of work-related stress. Method: A general literature review, including ten original articles, was analysed using Graneheim & Lundmans method of qualitative content analysis. Results: The results of the literature study identified two categories and five subcategories: The transition from theory to practice with the subcategories of Managing unexpected workload, Being clinically ignorant, and Fear of making mistakes. New to the team with subcategories, Adapting to the healthcare team and Meeting expectations. Conclusions: The experience of work-related stress among newly graduated nurses affects their nursing practice and jeopardizes patient safety. With support from experienced nurses, colleagues, and adequate preparation, the transition process can be facilitated, enabling newly graduated nurses to provide quality and safe nursing care more easily. Further research: A longitudinal study would enable investigation of possible patterns and trends regarding stress levels, coping strategies and their impact on nurses' well-being, with a specific focus onnursing work and patient safety.

This research is to validate a risk assessment model?s ability to predict work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). The model looks at the primary risk factors of repetition, force, deviated posture, tool design, duration, and frequency. The sum of the ratings for each factor is the risk assessment score for the person doing a certain job task. According to the score, the task is rated as a ?no risk? to an ?extreme risk? task. The data used for this research was from an epidemiological study preformed at a fish processing facility. To validate the model, the scores from the risk assessment model were compared to the operators? severity and frequency of pain in the median nerve distribution of the hand and to previous risk model. The statistical tests show that the risk assessment model can predict if the operator performing a task is at risk for forming a WMSD.

Work-related stress is a hindrance to the quality of working life. Stressful circumstances occur when individuals are no more able to handle, manage and cope with difficult situations. Events and situations are themselves not inherently stressful; it is the capability of people to face these situations and handle these effectively which will cause less or more stress. Hotel operations have to compete by constantly offering an increasingly better comparative product and service. Being at the centre stage, hotel managers, therefore, have to respond to this challenge. The exigencies of the tourists and of the industry are exerting additional pressures on hotel managers. The main findings of this study carried out from the human resource management perspective indicate the following: pressure from work and from both occupation-home and home-occupation interfaces do not have a positive influence on hotel managers’ psychological health. However, there is a positive effect of work on both the occupation-home and home-occupation interfaces and of manager interests and hobbies on the health and home-occupation interface. Potential areas of future research are identified and new research directions are proposed.

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<p dir="ltr">This mixed-method grounded theory study developed and tested a new framework for leading geographically dispersed teams. With the dramatic shift to remote work due to the COVID-19 pandemic, leaders now face new challenges in developing corporate strategies and approaches to leadership without proximity to their teams. However, existing leadership literature has yet to catch up to this new reality.</p><p dir="ltr">Grounded in interviews with business leaders and a quantitative survey of 100 leaders and 100 employees, this study identified communication frequency and trust-building as vital for reducing uncertainty. It also found that promoting employee well-being requires relationship-centered leadership and constructing inclusive cultures. Ultimately, leading at a distance requires adapting leadership development and reevaluating organizational design to focus on alignment, transparency, and culture-building.</p><p dir="ltr">The resulting framework identifies specific leader competencies needed for remote management. It emphasizes the importance of leader visibility, constructive feedback practices, and crisis readiness. The framework highlights new imperatives in meeting design, goal-setting, professional development, and performance management. Finally, it calls for policies that promote work-life balance through comprehensive flexibility.</p><p dir="ltr">This study provides theoretical and practical guidance with hybrid and remote work arrangements likely to persist post-pandemic. It demonstrates the effectiveness of grounded theory methodology in new research contexts. The framework presented lays the foundation for leadership approaches that empower productivity and well-being across distributed teams.</p>