Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo do presente projeto de pesquisa é analisar as concepções de gestores sobre deficiência em pessoas que ocupam postos de trabalho em uma rede de supermercados, localizada no município do Rio de Janeiro. Sobre este tema, os resultados de pesquisas recentes sustentam que a concepção de gestores acerca do conceito de deficiência, se constitui em fator contribuinte para os estilos de gestão adotados no contexto do trabalho. Os participantes desta pesquisa foram dezoito gerentes de pessoal encarregados da supervisão direta do contingente de empregados com deficiências. Para avaliar as concepções desses gerentes, sobre pessoas com deficiência, foi utilizada uma escala atitudinal, do tipo Likert, de seis pontos. Trata-se do Inventário de Concepções de Deficiência (ICD - Carvalho-Freitas, 2007), devidamente validado para os fins a que se destina. Juntamente com esta escala, foi administrado no grupo de gestores, um questionário sociodemográfico. A esses instrumentos de coleta de dados foram adicionadas entrevistas individuais. As etapas do projeto compreenderam a revisão da literatura, o planejamento experimental, o treinamento dos aplicadores do questionário, assim como a utilização de procedimentos gerais que envolveram contatos diretos com a média gerência da rede de supermercados, dentre outros. Para a pesquisa, foram formuladas hipóteses sobre as concepções dos gestores a respeito de deficiência. O projeto implicou na utilização de procedimentos estatísticos para o tratamento das variáveis como o índice de correlação linear de Pearson e a Co-variância. Os resultados evidenciaram a coexistência de diferentes concepções por parte dos gestores no contexto laboral, que, posteriormente, servirão de indicadores na promoção de mudanças inovadoras ou no replanejamento do ambiente de trabalho que acolhe pessoas com deficiência. A inserção dessas pessoas no mercado de trabalho é uma diretriz sem precedentes para se engendrar ações de políticas públicas inclusionistas, tanto em nível público quanto privado, nas esferas federal, estadual e municipal. Os modos como são concebidas as pessoas com deficiência, na perspectiva dos gestores pesquisados, se constitui também em subsídio de alta relevância para a implantação e efetivação de ações planejadas de políticas públicas orientadas para a promoção da igualdade social e da criação de oportunidades para o exercício pleno da cidadania das pessoas com deficiência. Dentre os resultados encontrados na presente pesquisa verificou-se que os gestores percebem como relevante a inserção de pessoas com deficiência nos postos de trabalho devido aos benefícios gerados por essa contratação. Constatou-se que a percepção dos gestores em relação a esse grupo contribui para práticas inclusionistas e/ou exclusionistas, independentemente do que é preconizado nas políticas públicas correntes ou na própria cultura da empresa.

Music making and technological development has always been connected. The digital revolution has made advanced music production, writing and distribution tools universally accessible. New intelligent tools built on machine learning are entering the market potentially changing how we create music and interact with creative content.  The aim of this thesis project has been to find alternatives to existing interaction models manifested in modern DAWs (Digital Audio Workstations). Ideas developed through rough sketches and simple prototypes—the outcome consists of three concept videos proposing changes to three moments in the workflow of songwriters and producers. This thesis started with an idea of exploring the borderland between computer generated music and human creativity. Through desk research and interviews I learned that computational creativity exist and that there is a lot of different ways of defining creativity and art. Creating creative computers should not aim to replace humans creative abilities—it is rather about automating and creating tools that enhance our creative abilities.  To understand how songwriters and producers work the subject were investigated through semi-structured contextual interviews. The different ways of working and using tools were mapped out and potential opportunity areas were identified. This thesis have been a project that through sketching, mock-ups and simple prototypes questions how we use digital tools in music production. These concepts and sketches were continuously brought back to experts for feedback. The outcome consists of three concepts. They are presented through three short videos. These videos are now shared with a bigger audience and will act as an conversation starter for people interested in tools for digital music production.  1. Automating parts of the songwriting process and create a collaborative workflow between a you and a computer, through a conversational user interface.  2. A pressure sensitive touch surface that let you manipulate sound. It is an adaptive system that automatically detects active controls in your DAW—it maps these active controls from your computer screen down to a touch pad.  3. The third concept changes the way you organise and look for sound files. It is a automatised process where a software helps you compare different sounds to each other. It takes away most labels and focuses on mapping sound according to its auditory profile.

Background: Several studies show that sedentary is harmful to humans. Despite this, the degree of sedentary increases and 75% of the total time of sedentary is at the workplace. A common way to reduce sedentary is to introduce sit-stand workstations. Studies show that this gives good effects during working hours but few have studied what those providing for effects after working hours. Objective: Study office workers to see if there is a difference in the frequency and duration of physical activity and estimation of physical problems after a working day if they were sedentary or varied its working position by using a sit-stand workstation. Method: 20 office workers measured the frequency and duration of physical activity and estimated physical problems through a diary and a questionnaire after work. Results: No significant differences were detected. Conclusions: It is not possible to draw any general conclusions from this study as the sample is small and measurement methods are only subjective. More studies are needed where you look at what happens after working hours in the future to ensure the pros and cons of sit-stand worskstations. / Bakgrund: De senaste åren har det kommit ett flertal studier som visar att stillasittande är skadligt för människan. Trots detta ökar graden av stillasittande och 75 % av den totala tiden av stillasittande sker på arbetsplatsen där kontorsarbetare är de som rapporterar högst andel stillasittande. Mot bakgrund av detta är därför arbetsplatsen ett bra forum att arbeta med hälsofrämjande insatser för att minska tiden av stillasittande. Ett vanligt sätt för att minska stillasittandet är att införa höj- och sänkbara skrivbord. Flertal studier visar att detta ger goda effekter under arbetstid. Ett område som dock är mindre forskat på är vad möjligheten att kunna variera sin arbetsposition med ett höj- och sänkbart bord har för effekter för individen efter arbetstid. Syfte: Att studera kontorsanställda för att se om det föreligger en skillnad i frekvens och duration av fysisk aktivitet samt skattning av fysiska besvär efter en arbetsdag. Detta beroende på om de varierat sin arbetsposition regelbundet genom användning av ett höj-och sänkbart skrivbord jämfört med om de intagit en sittande arbetsposition. Metod: Kvasiexperimentell studie med inompersonsdesign. 20 kontorsanställda fick mäta frekvens och duration av fysisk aktivitet samt skatta fysisk besvärsförekomst via dagbok och enkätformulär efter arbetsdagen. Resultat: Resultatet visar att det inte förelåg några signifikanta skillnader mellan om försökspersonen suttit eller varierat arbetsposition. De tendenser som kunnat påvisas är små men tyder på en något minskad frekvens och ökad duration av fysisk aktivitet efter att ha varierat arbetsposition. Skattning av fysisk besvärsförekomst var oförändrad. Slutsatser: Det går inte att dra några generella slutsatser av denna studie då urvalet är litet och mätmetoderna endast subjektiva. Fler studier behövs där man tittar på vad som händer efter arbetstid för att i framtiden kunna säkerställa för- och nackdelar med höj- och sänkbara skrivbord.

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Dans nos pays industrialisés, les comportements sédentaires entrainent des enjeux de santé pour de nombreux travailleurs, les exigences physiques de leur travail étant désormais insuffisantes. Afin de répondre à cette problématique, la recherche s’intéresse aux bureaux actifs (poste de travail debout, avec pédalier ou avec tapis roulant) qui comparativement au poste de travail conventionnel permettent aux travailleurs d’augmenter l’apport d’activité physique au travail et ainsi, réduire le temps sédentaire quotidien. Lorsqu’ils sont comparés au poste conventionnel (assis), les bureaux actifs ont des effets sur des biomarqueurs physiologiques et biomécaniques liés à l’amélioration de la santé. En plus, ils offrent quelques avantages sur la productivité et le bien-être au travail des travailleurs. Malgré l’accumulation des connaissances sur les bureaux actifs, les différences entre bureaux actifs sont toujours méconnues. Ce mémoire s’adresse donc à la compréhension et à la comparaison entre les types de bureaux actifs, plus précisément à leurs impacts sur le temps sédentaire au travail, leurs effets sur les biomarqueurs physiologiques et biomécaniques et à leurs effets sur la productivité et le bien-être au travail. Pour ce faire, les résultats et la discussion sont développés autour d’un article de revue systématique (Dupont et al., 2019) et d’un article issu d’une recherche expérimentale soumis en octobre 2019. Dans un premier temps, les avantages associés à chaque type de poste de travail actif (debout, avec pédalier ou avec tapis roulant) ne sont pas équivalents. En effet, les postes avec pédalier et avec tapis roulant semblent apporter de plus grands changements physiologiques à court terme que les postes de travail debout et pourraient potentiellement améliorer la santé. De plus, les postes debout, avec pédalier et avec tapis roulants semblent tous présenter des avantages de productivité à court terme, toutefois les postes avec tapis roulants réduisent les performances des tâches faites à l’aide de clavier et de souris d’ordinateur. Dans un deuxième temps, à court terme (2 semaines), l’introduction d’un poste debout et d’un poste à pédalier dans leur bureau permet aux travailleurs d’accumuler en moyenne 132 minutes de temps actif (ex. travail fait avec poste debout et/ou avec poste avec pédalier) par jour, ce qui représente 46 % du temps total passé dans leur espace de travail personnel. Ce faisant, les travailleurs réduisent de moitié leur temps assis au travail en fractionnant le temps assis en courtes périodes de 30 minutes. Basé sur nos résultats, l’ajout de deux postes de travail actif à même le bureau d’un travailleur permet de diminuer le temps sédentaire au travail. / In our industrialized countries, sedentary behaviours lead to health issues for many workers, as the physical demands of their work are now insufficient. To answer this problem, the research focuses on active workstations (standing, with pedals or treadmill workstations) which compared to the conventional workstation allow workers to increase physical load at work and thus, reduce daily sedentary time. When compared to the conventional (sit) workstation, active workstations have effects on physiological and biomechanical biomarkers related to better health. Also, they offer some advantages over workers’ productivity and wellbeing at work. Despite the accumulation of knowledge about active workstations, the differences between active workstations are still unknown. This thesis is aimed at understanding and comparison between active workstation types, specifically their impacts on sedentary time at work, their effects on physiological and biomechanical biomarkers and their effects on productivity and well-being at work. The results and the discussion are developed around a systematic review article (Dupont et al., 2019) and an article from an experimental research submitted in October 2019. First of all, the benefits associated with each type of active workstation (i.e. standing, cycling, treadmill) may not be equivalent. Cycling and treadmill workstations appear to provide greater short-term physiologic changes than standing workstations that could potentially lead to better health. Cycling, treadmill and standing workstations appear to show short-term productivity benefits, while treadmill workstations reduce the performance of computer-related work. Secondly, in the short term (2 weeks), the introduction of a standing workstation and a pedal workstation in their office allows workers to accumulate an average of 132 minutes of active time (i.e. work done with standing and/or cycling workstations) per day, which represents 46% of the total time spent in their personal workspace. As a result, workers reduce their total desk-sitting time by half and sat on average 30 minutes per sedentary bout. Based on our findings, adding two active workstations to an office worker’s helps reduce sedentary time at work.

The master thesis is focused on design of semi-professional sewing machine regarding tailor’s needs. The goal of this master thesis is to bring a new ergonomic solution with attractive styling. The sewing machine would be connected with table as one unit.

The aim of this work is to design an architecture of the embedded device that will be used for controlling DAW software in recording studio. First of all, attention is given to a brief summary of the necessary knowledge which is needed to design such kind of device. Af- ter that follows short survey of the existing solutions and description of protocols which can be used for communication with the recording software. Then, subsequent part of the thesis builds upon these foundations and further elaborates the device architecture by me- ans of decomposing it into several modules. In fact, two hardware modules are designed and manufactured, when each of them is conceived on a separate PCB with its own microcon- troller. Then the control firmware has been implemented for each of the modules. At the end of the work an aluminium enclosure, which holds both modules, is designed. The result of this work is a functional prototype of the assembled controller which can be used for the purpose of controlling DAW software.

This diploma thesis is focused on the design of a robotic workstation for laser marking of aluminium hinges for the automotive industry. Robots remove wheel hinges from palettes at the end of a preassembly line, mark them a sort them. At first, selected marking technologies used in the automotive industry are introduced. Afterwards, a few robot and process simulation software are described. Subsequently, several layout variants are created as viable options for process handling and the chosen variant is designed in detail. Using RobotStudio software, a simulation of the robotic marking cell is made for process verification. Finally, a technical - economic evaluation is performed.

Introduction : La suralimentation, le manque d’exercice et la sédentarité représentent des causes modifiables et importantes dans le développement de l’obésité et des troubles de santé qui y sont associés. Il est connu qu’en plus d’avoir des effets bénéfiques pour le métabolisme, l’exercice permet d’augmenter la dépense énergétique et aide au maintien de la balance énergétique. Des études récentes ont révélé que l’exercice pourrait également causer une diminution de l’ingestion calorique, ce qui mènerait à un meilleur contrôle de la balance énergétique et pourrait avoir des effets bénéfiques pour la santé et ce, même lorsque pratiqué à faible intensité. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont d’explorer les effets de paramètres de l’exercice sous-étudiés en contrôle pondéral en 1) documentant l’impact de tâches de faible à très faible intensité (i.e. postes de travail actifs) chez les personnes en surplus pondéral et sur l’ingestion alimentaire et 2) en déterminant comment les facteurs chimiosensoriels liés au contrôle de l’appétit sont affectés par la pratique d’exercice par rapport au repos et en réponse à divers positionnements de la séance d’exercice dans le temps (timing). Méthodes et résultats : Pour répondre au premier objectif de recherche, une revue systématique a été effectuée afin de documenter l’impact de l’usage des postes de travail actifs chez les personnes en surplus pondéral (article 1). Dix-neuf études ont été inclues, dont 12 portant sur les postes de travail debout, 9 sur les postes avec tapis-roulant, 3 sur les postes avec ergocycle et un sur un poste avec marcheur. Les résultats indiquent que ces postes de travail sont efficaces pour l’augmentation de la dépense énergétique et la réduction de la sédentarité au travail. Une étude expérimentale a été menée afin de déterminer quel est l’impact d’un poste de travail debout, comparé à un poste conventionnel assis, sur l’ingestion alimentaire. Trente-six hommes et femmes ont été assignés de façon randomisée à un poste de travail debout ou un poste assis (article 2). Ils ont pris part à des tâches cognitives pendant environ 1 h 30 min sur le poste de travail attitré et une collation ad libitum leur était ensuite servie. Les résultats indiquent qu’il n’y a pas de différence significative dans l’ingestion alimentaire entre les participants qui ont pris part à la condition assise (427,8 ± 301,8 kcal) et ceux qui étaient debout (461,2 ± 272,8 kcal; p = 0,472). Pour répondre au second objectif, nous avons tout d’abord observé quel était l’effet de l’exercice de haute intensité sur les perceptions chimiosensorielles liées à l’ingestion alimentaire (article 3). Quatorze hommes ont pris part à deux visites dans un ordre aléatoire consistant en A) une longue pause sédentaire et B) une courte pause sédentaire suivie d’une séance d’exercice (course à pied à 70 % du VO2 max). À leur arrivée (8 : 30), ainsi qu’immédiatement avant le diner (11:40), ils étaient soumis à des tests olfactifs et gustatifs. Puis, un buffet ad libitum leur était servi à midi. Les résultats n’ont révélé aucune différence significative dans l’ingestion alimentaire entre la condition sédentaire et la condition exercice (p=0,888). Ces résultats concordent avec l’absence de différence dans les perceptions olfactives et gustatives entre les conditions (tous les p >0,05). Le concept de timing est relativement nouveau au domaine de l’activité physique et plus particulièrement pour le contrôle de la balance énergétique. L’objectif du dernier projet (article 4) était d’observer si le positionnement de l’exercice dans le temps représente un paramètre d’intérêt pouvant optimiser l’effet coupe-faim via les perceptions chimiosensorielles. Dans un protocole similaire à l’article 3, douze hommes ont été soumis à deux conditions dans un ordre aléatoire : A) une séance d’exercice (30 min à 70% du VO2 max) suivie d’une pause sédentaire (90 minutes) ou B) la pause sédentaire suivie de la séance d’exercice. Ils prenaient part à des tests olfactifs et gustatifs à leur arrivée ainsi qu’avant le diner ad libitum. Les résultats indiquent que le positionnement de la séance d’exercice n’a eu aucun impact sur les perceptions olfactives (tous les p >0,05) et gustatives (tous les p >0,05), ainsi que sur l’ingestion alimentaire totale (p=0,459). Conclusion : Nos travaux sont les premiers à montrer qu’en situation aigüe l’utilisation d’un poste de travail debout n’augmente pas la consommation alimentaire lors d’un repas subséquent. De plus, l’exercice d’intensité élevée n’a pas suscité de compensation alimentaire au repas subséquent, et ce peu importe le positionnement de la séance. Par ailleurs, contrairement aux hypothèses émises, l’exercice seul ou le positionnement de la séance n’ont pas modifié les perceptions olfactives et gustatives. / Introduction: Overeating, sedentary behaviour and physical inactivity are modifiable and important causes in the development of obesity and related health disorders. It is known that in addition to having beneficial effects on metabolism, exercise increases energy expenditure and helps to maintain the energy balance. Recent studies have shown that exercise may also cause a decrease in caloric intake, leading to better control of the energy balance and may have beneficial health effects, even when practised at low intensity. The objectives of this thesis are to explore the effects of under-studied exercise parameters in weight control by 1) documenting the impact of low to very low intensity tasks (i.e., active workstations) in individuals with excess body weight and on food intake and 2) determining how chemosensory factors related to appetite control are affected by exercise practice relative to rest and in response to various timings of the exercise session. Methods and results: To address the first research objective, a systematic review was conducted to document the impact of the use of active workstations in individuals with excess body weight (article 1). Nineteen studies were included, of which 12 involved standing workstations, 9 involved treadmill workstations, 3 involved a cycle device, and one involved a stepping device. The results indicate that these workstations are effective in increasing work-hour energy expenditure and reducing sedentary behaviour. An experimental study was conducted to determine the impact of a standing workstation, compared to a conventional sitting workstation, on dietary intake. Thirty-six men and women were randomly assigned to a standing or seated workstation (article 2). They took part in cognitive tasks for about 1h30min on the assigned workstation and were then served an ad libitum snack. The results of the study indicate that there is no significant difference in dietary intake between participants who took part in the sitting condition (427.8 ± 301.8 kcal) and those who were standing (461.2 ± 272.8 kcal; p=0.472). To meet the second objective, we first observed the effect of high-intensity exercise on chemosensory perceptions related to food intake (article 3). Fourteen men took part in random order in two visits consisting of A) a long sedentary break and B) a short sedentary break followed by an exercise session (running at 70% of VO2 max). Upon arrival (8:30), as well as immediately before dinner (11:40), they were subjected to olfactory and taste tests. Then, an ad libitum buffet was served to them at noon. The results showed no significant difference in dietary intake between sedentary and exercise conditions (p=0.888). These results are consistent with the lack of difference in olfactory and gustatory perceptions between conditions (all p >0.05). The concept of timing is relatively new to the field of physical activity and more particularly to the control of the energy balance. The objective of the last project (article 4) was to observe whether the timing of exercise represents a parameter of interest that can optimize the appetite-suppressing effect via chemosensory perceptions. In a protocol similar to article 3, twelve men were subjected in random order to two conditions: A) an exercise session (30 min at 70% of VO2 max) followed by a sedentary break (90 minutes) or B) the sedentary break followed by the exercise session. They took part in olfactory and taste tests upon arrival (8:30 AM) and before the ad libitum dinner (11:40 AM). The results indicate that the timing of the exercise had no impact on olfactory (all p >0.05) and gustatory (all p >0.05) perceptions, or total dietary intake (p=0.459). Conclusion: In conclusion, our work is the first to show that in acute situations the use of a standing workstation does not increase food consumption during a subsequent meal. Moreover, the high-intensity exercise did not result in acute food compensation at the subsequent meal, regardless of the timing of the session. Contrary to the hypotheses put forward, the exercise alone or the timing of the session did not modify olfactory and gustatory perceptions.

Master thesis concerns with a design of forklift truck. The result proposed in the thesis uses existing technologies but combines them in new context to gain better qualities of a lift truck especially in relation to user-friendliness and ergonomics. Shaping works on functional demands which are understood as a basis for further developments towards the aesthetical outcome.