In this thesis, the author explored an alternative way of composing contemporary western art music, being inspired by thoughts regarding post-genre. The composition method incorporated the use of the Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) software Cubase. Musical gestures were recorded with two musicians which where used as samples in the DAW to compose the piece Lines. The role of the score was shifted by moving it’s realisation to after the aural result was completed. The process was inspiring and was perceived to work well for a textural piece of music. Using a DAW when composing contemporary western art music is something that could be explored by classically trained composers in favour of working solely in a notation software. The result was the digitally made recording of Lines and two scores; one aimed to reproduce the recorded version (where only violin and violoncello where used) and another where adjustments where made, mainly in the instrumentation, to facilitate live performances by string orchestras.

Esta pesquisa investiga a estação de trabalho informatizada incorporada ao ambiente residencial. A tecnologia dos equipamentos de informática substituiu a importância dada à escrivaninha. O espaço de trabalho da antiga escrivaninha, que atendia à administração da casa, passou a competir com o espaço de trabalho do computador, somando a este, periféricos e materiais de escritório necessários à escrita, leitura e manuseio de materiais. Com as facilidades de crédito e acesso aos meios de comunicação e informação, disseminou-se o uso do computador. Por meio de pesquisa de mercado identificaram-se três segmentos distintos para a aquisição das estações de trabalho que acomodam o computador em residências: móveis para ambiente corporativo, com sistemas integrados para suprir as necessidades de trabalho; móveis compactos direcionados a residências que não oferecem complementos para ampliação da área de trabalho; e móveis sob medida como opção para home offices, e estações de trabalho integradas a dormitórios. Foi realizada uma pesquisa em mídia impressa e virtual para conhecer condições de oferta e aquisição deste móvel. Considerando a ausência de estações de trabalho informatizadas residenciais no mercado, pesquisaram-se instalações residenciais por meio de fotos de uma amostra de usuários que utilizam o computador em casa para comunicação, estudo, leitura, pesquisa, transações bancárias, administração da casa, compras, etc. O conjunto de dados congregados na pesquisa propiciou a formulação de um projeto-conceito, no qual são indicados os critérios qualitativos necessários ao design de estação de trabalho informatizada com identidade residencial. / This study investigates the computerized workstation incorporated to the residential place. The technology of equipment of informatics replaced the importance given to the writing-desk. The place taken by the old writing desk -- which attended the house administration -- started to compete with the computer work place besides its peripheral pieces and office materials needed for writing, reading as well as its handling. The computer use has spread due to the easy credit and access to the communication and information means. Through a marketing survey, three l different segments were identified for acquisition of the workstations that lodge the computer in residences: furniture for corporative place with integrated systems to supply the work needs; compact furniture\'s for residences that do not have rooms to enlarging the work area; furniture under measure as an option for home offices and workstations integrated to bedrooms. A survey was done on the printed and virtual media to know the offering and acquisition conditions of this furniture. Considering the lack, in the market, of computerized residential workstations, surveys about residential installations were made through photos of a sample of users that use computers at home for communication, study, reading, research, bank transactions, house administration, shopping, etc. The data set, assembled in the survey, provided the formulation of design-concept that indicates the qualitative criteria needed to the design of computerized workstation with residential characteristics.

There is a lot of research connecting musical expression with well-being, motivation and meaningfulness, especially when introduced in early years. Children should have the opportunity to express themselves through music regardless of motor disability. There is research targeting children with motor disabilities and musical expression but when the projects ends the children are left without the technology. There is a gap in research exploring technologies accessible in terms of availability to buy and use for the children. This thesis take advantage of the evolution of music production technologies where standard digital audio workstations are highly customizable and therefore an option to use as tools to democratize musical expression among children with motor disabilities. Democratize in this context means to make the children able to participate in a musical performance and express themselves in a similar way as fully abled children. To explore the use of music production technologies to promote musical expression among children with motor disabilities a proposed solution of digital audio workstation Ableton Live and beat matched functionalities coupled with various tangible controllers was explored during 3 sessions at a school in Malmö. Four children at the age of 10 with motor disabilities participated together with their music teacher. The result indicates that the proposed solution has great potential to democratize musical expression among the children using available music production technology. The key component in the proposed prototype was the use of beat matched loops and effects which were synchronized to the songs tempo and made it possible for the children to express themselves musically.  The result also show that an important aspect of gaining well-being, motivation and meaningfulness among the children was connected to the proposed prototype ability to generate a musical outcome matching the children's expectations and personal preferences.

Bakgrund: Kontorsarbetare är arbetare som tillbringar delar eller större delar av arbetstiden stillasittandes framför en dator. Stillasittandet har negativa effekter fysiskt, psykiskt och socialt. Dem här delarna innefattas även i begreppet ergonomi där man ska anpassa arbete och miljö efter människans förutsättningar. Fysioterapi och fysioterapeuter ser till människans förutsättningar för att underlätta hälsa och minska lidande. För att främja hälsa behöver man se ergonomi som fysiologiskt fenomen och beteende, vilket görs i beteendemedicinskt inriktad fysioterapi. Detta för att kunna påverka den fysiska, psykiska och sociala kontexten. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att studera kontorsarbetares upplevelser av hinder och möjligheter för god ergonomi i det dagliga arbetet.   Metod: En kvalitativ semistrukturerad intervjustudie med induktiv ansats och ett ändamålsenligt urval på sex informanter. Data analyserades genom manifest analys. Resultat: Informanterna upplevde att inredning, samspel arbetsgivare och individ, andras påverkan, beteende på arbetsplatsen, kroppsliga begränsningar, tankar och föreställningar, och emotioner påverkade ergonomin. Slutsats: Av resultatet framgick att ergonomin påverkas av biopsykosociala faktorer, vilket styrs av beteende, individ och omgivning. / Background: Office workers are workers who spend part or most of their time sitting in front of a computer. A sedentary behavior has negative effects physically, mentally and socially. These parts are also included in the concept of ergonomics, where work and the environment must be adapted to human conditions. Physiotherapy and physiotherapists look at the human conditions to facilitate health and reduce suffering. To promote health, you need to see ergonomics as a physiological phenomenon and a behavior. You do this in behavioral medicine – oriented physiotherapy, where you are able to influence the physical, mental and social context. Aim: The aim of the study was to study office workers’ experiences of obstacles and opportunities for good ergonomics in daily work. Method: A qualitative semi-structured interview study with an inductive approach and a purposive sampling with six informants. Data were analyzed by manifest analysis.  Results: The informants experienced that interior design, interaction between employer and individual, the influence of others, behavior in workplace, physical limitations, thoughts and ideas, and emotions affected ergonomics.  Conclusion: The results showed that ergonomics is affected by biopsychosocial factors, which are governed by behavior, individual and environment.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 27-30, 1997 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Lunar Prospector’s project engineering staff selected a Windows PC platform as the RF test console for the Lunar Prospector spacecraft. The spacecraft test team chose the PCbased RF test console because the PC provides a low-cost, common platform with a graphical user interface. The PC provides point-and-click, menu-driven windows that are common throughout the satellite factory. The PC RF test console is being used to exercise the Lunar Prospector spacecraft RF link for RF commanding, telemetry, and ranging signals during factory test, including thermal vacuum chamber testing. For spacecraft command and control at the factory, the PC-based RF test console is networked to a UNIX workstation over RS-422. The PC RF test console and spacecraft interface are controlled through a coax switch residing in a test rack next to the workstation. The PC RF test console is connected directly to the Lunar Prospector spacecraft using coax cable through the spacecraft Telemetry, Commanding, & Ranging (TC&R) RF antenna hat for both transmit and receive functions. The PC RF test console is also connected hard-line to the spacecraft transponder through the transponder RS-422 connection. This connection provides the ability for spacecraft telemetry to be received at the PC at RF or baseband. The same hard-line spacecraft telemetry data is provided to the UNIX workstation for comparison. NASA’s Lunar Prospector project is the first of the Discovery series of “faster, better, cheaper” missions to be competitively awarded. Lunar Prospector project funding was capped by NASA to ensure that no overruns would occur. The mission was funded to support the scientific community’s desire to verify the presence of ice on the moon and collect environmental data to understand the dynamics that may have led to polar ice deposits. The Lunar Prospector mission received funding in 1996 with a launch planned for September 1997

Distributed processing cluster design using commodity hardware and software has proven to be a technological breakthrough in the field of parallel and distributed computing. The research presented herein is the original investigation on distributed processing using hybrid processing clusters to improve the calculation efficiency of the compute-intensive applications. This has opened a new frontier in affordable supercomputing that can be utilised by businesses and industries at various levels. Distributed processing that uses commodity computer clusters has become extremely popular over recent years, particularly among university research groups and research organisations. The research work discussed herein addresses a bespoke-oriented design and implementation of highly specific and different types of distributed processing clusters with applied load balancing techniques that are well suited for particular business requirements. The research was performed in four phases, which are cohesively interconnected, to find a suitable solution using a new type of distributed processing approaches. The first phase is an implementation of a bespoke-type distributed processing cluster using an existing network of workstations as a calculation cluster based on a loosely coupled distributed process system design that has improved calculation efficiency of certain legacy applications. This approach has demonstrated how to design an innovative, cost-effective, and efficient way to utilise a workstation cluster for distributed processing. The second phase is to improve the calculation efficiency of the distributed processing system; a new type of load balancing system is designed to incorporate multiple processing devices. The load balancing system incorporates hardware, software and application related parameters to assigned calculation tasks to each processing devices accordingly. Three types of load balancing methods are tested, static, dynamic and hybrid, which each of them has their own advantages, and all three of them have further improved the calculation efficiency of the distributed processing system. The third phase is to facilitate the company to improve the batch processing application calculation time, and two separate dedicated calculation clusters are built using small form factor (SFF) computers and PCs as separate peer-to-peer (P2P) network based calculation clusters. Multiple batch processing applications were tested on theses clusters, and the results have shown consistent calculation time improvement across all the applications tested. In addition, dedicated clusters are built using SFF computers with reduced power consumption, small cluster size, and comparatively low cost to suit particular business needs. The fourth phase incorporates all the processing devices available in the company as a hybrid calculation cluster utilises various type of servers, workstations, and SFF computers to form a high-throughput distributed processing system that consolidates multiple calculations clusters. These clusters can be utilised as multiple mutually exclusive multiple clusters or combined as a single cluster depending on the applications used. The test results show considerable calculation time improvements by using consolidated calculation cluster in conjunction with rule-based load balancing techniques. The main design concept of the system is based on the original design that uses first principle methods and utilises existing LAN and separate P2P network infrastructures, hardware, and software. Tests and investigations conducted show promising results where the company's legacy applications can be modified and implemented with different types of distributed processing clusters to achieve calculation and processing efficiency for various applications within the company. The test results have confirmed the expected calculation time improvements in controlled environments and show that it is feasible to design and develop a bespoke-type dedicated distributed processing cluster using existing hardware, software, and low-cost SFF computers. Furthermore, a combination of bespoke distributed processing system with appropriate load balancing algorithms has shown considerable calculation time improvements for various legacy and bespoke applications. Hence, the bespoke design is better suited to provide a solution for the calculation of time improvements for critical problems currently faced by the sponsoring company.

Purpose – The purpose of the study is to propose a framework for standardized workstations with focus on operators work activities and material presentation on a mixed-model assembly line. In order to fulfill the purpose, it was decomposed into three research questions: Research question 1: What problems in existing manual workstations can be identified, regarding work activities and material presentation? Research question 2: What can be considered regarding operators' work activities in creation of standardized workstations for a mixed-model assembly line? Research question 3: What can facilitate the work performance and ergonomics of operators when designing material presentation for standardized workstations for a mixed-model assembly line? Methodology – This study was carried out inductively through analysis of empirical data from a case study against existing theories from a literature study. Theories were in the areas of mixed-model assembly line, workstation design, material presentation, work activities, ergonomics and human aspect, and standardization and flexibility. To gather empirical data, a document study, observations and interviews were conducted at one case company. Findings – The study resulted in a framework for work activities and material presentation in standardized workstations on a mixed-model assembly line within the perspectives of ergonomics, standardization and non-value-added work. Results indicated on decreased efficiency if the involvement of human factor and standardization were insufficient in the workstation design, by increased non-value- added work and decreased ergonomics. Implications – The proposed framework intended to support companies to merge assembly lines into a mixed-model assembly line with low automation. Limitations – The framework in this study only focused on workstations' workactivities and material presentation. Workstations are linked to more than these two areas therefore should more areas be included in merging assembly lines. This framework had the perspectives of ergonomics, standardization and non-value-added work, more perspectives should be considered in a merger.

La thèse porte sur deux enjeux importants de sécurité. Le premier concerne l’amélioration de la sécurité des systèmes Linux présents dans le calcul intensif et le second la protection des postes de travail Windows. Elle propose une méthode commune pour l’observation des appels système et la répartition d’observateurs afin de renforcer la sécurité et mesurer les performances obtenues. Elle vise des observateurs du type moniteur de référence afin de garantir de la confidentialité et de l’intégrité. Une solution utilisant une méthode de calcul intensif est mise en oeuvre pour réduire les surcoûts de communication entre les deux moniteurs de référence SELinux et PIGA. L’évaluation des performances montre les surcoûts engendrés par les moniteurs répartis et analyse la faisabilité pour les différents noeuds d’environnements de calcul intensif. Concernant la sécurité des postes de travail, un moniteur de référence est proposé pour Windows. Il repose sur les meilleures protections obligatoires issues des systèmes Linux et simplifie l’administration. Nous présentons une utilisation de ce nouveau moniteur pour analyser le fonctionnement de logiciels malveillants. L’analyse permet une protection avancée qui contrôle l’ensemble du scénario d’attaque de façon optimiste. Ainsi, la sécurité est renforcée sans nuire aux activités légitimes. / This thesis deals with two major issues in the computer security field. The first is enhancing the security of Linux systems for scientific computation, the second is the protection of Windows workstations. In order to strengthen the security and measure the performances, we offer a common method for the distributed observation of system calls. It relies on reference monitors to ensure confidentiality and integrity. Our solution uses specific high performance computing technologies to lower the communication latencies between the SELinux and PIGA monitors. Benchmarks study the integration of these distributed monitors in the scientific computation. Regarding workstation security, we propose a new reference monitor implementing state of the art protection models from Linux and simplifying administration. We present how to use our monitor to analyze the behavior of malware. This analysis enables an advanced protection to prevent attack scenarii in an optimistic manner. Thus, security is enforced while allowing legitimate activities.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo do presente projeto de pesquisa é analisar as concepções de gestores sobre deficiência em pessoas que ocupam postos de trabalho em uma rede de supermercados, localizada no município do Rio de Janeiro. Sobre este tema, os resultados de pesquisas recentes sustentam que a concepção de gestores acerca do conceito de deficiência, se constitui em fator contribuinte para os estilos de gestão adotados no contexto do trabalho. Os participantes desta pesquisa foram dezoito gerentes de pessoal encarregados da supervisão direta do contingente de empregados com deficiências. Para avaliar as concepções desses gerentes, sobre pessoas com deficiência, foi utilizada uma escala atitudinal, do tipo Likert, de seis pontos. Trata-se do Inventário de Concepções de Deficiência (ICD - Carvalho-Freitas, 2007), devidamente validado para os fins a que se destina. Juntamente com esta escala, foi administrado no grupo de gestores, um questionário sociodemográfico. A esses instrumentos de coleta de dados foram adicionadas entrevistas individuais. As etapas do projeto compreenderam a revisão da literatura, o planejamento experimental, o treinamento dos aplicadores do questionário, assim como a utilização de procedimentos gerais que envolveram contatos diretos com a média gerência da rede de supermercados, dentre outros. Para a pesquisa, foram formuladas hipóteses sobre as concepções dos gestores a respeito de deficiência. O projeto implicou na utilização de procedimentos estatísticos para o tratamento das variáveis como o índice de correlação linear de Pearson e a Co-variância. Os resultados evidenciaram a coexistência de diferentes concepções por parte dos gestores no contexto laboral, que, posteriormente, servirão de indicadores na promoção de mudanças inovadoras ou no replanejamento do ambiente de trabalho que acolhe pessoas com deficiência. A inserção dessas pessoas no mercado de trabalho é uma diretriz sem precedentes para se engendrar ações de políticas públicas inclusionistas, tanto em nível público quanto privado, nas esferas federal, estadual e municipal. Os modos como são concebidas as pessoas com deficiência, na perspectiva dos gestores pesquisados, se constitui também em subsídio de alta relevância para a implantação e efetivação de ações planejadas de políticas públicas orientadas para a promoção da igualdade social e da criação de oportunidades para o exercício pleno da cidadania das pessoas com deficiência. Dentre os resultados encontrados na presente pesquisa verificou-se que os gestores percebem como relevante a inserção de pessoas com deficiência nos postos de trabalho devido aos benefícios gerados por essa contratação. Constatou-se que a percepção dos gestores em relação a esse grupo contribui para práticas inclusionistas e/ou exclusionistas, independentemente do que é preconizado nas políticas públicas correntes ou na própria cultura da empresa.

Future manufacturing will be characterized by the complementarity between humans and automation (human-robot collaboration). This requires new methods and tools for the design and operation of optimized manufacturing workplaces in terms of ergonomics, safety, efficiency, complexity management and work satisfaction. There have been some efforts in the recent years to propose a tool for determining optimal human-automation levels for load balancing. Although the topic is quite new, it shares some similarities with some of the existing research in the area of robotic assembly line balancing. Therefore, it is crucial to review the existing literature and find the most similar models and methods to facilitate the development of new optimization models and algorithms. One of the two contributions that this thesis gives to the research world in the RALBP context is a literature review that involves high quality articles from 1993 to beginning 2018. This literature review includes visual and comprehensive tables—and a label system— where previous research patterns and trends are highlighted. Visualization of data and results obtained by assembly line optimization tools is a very important topic that has rarely been studied. Data visualization would provide a: 1. better comprehension of patterns, trends and qualitative data 2. more constructive information absorption 3. better visualization of relationships and patterns between operations, and 4. better contribution to data manipulation and interaction. The second contribution to research found in this thesis is the use of a human modelling (DHM) tool (called IPS), which is proposed as an assessment to the ergonomic risk that a robotic assembly line may involve. This kind of studies are necessary in order to reduce one of the most frequent reasons of work absence in our today society i.e. musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). MSDs are often the result of poor work environments and they lead to reduced productivity and quality losses at companies. In view of the above, IPS was used in order to resolve the load handling problem between human and robot, depending on their skills and availability, while fulfilling essential ISO standards i.e. 15066 and 10218:1 and :2. The literature review made it possible to select highly useful documents in developing assumptions for the experiment and contributed to consider real features detected in the industry. Results show that even though IPS is not capable of calculating an entire robotic assembly with human-robot collaboration, it is able to simulate a workstation constituted of one robot and one human. Finite and assembly motions for both human and robot are expected to be implemented in future versions of the software. Finally, the main advantages of using DHM tools in assessing ergonomic risks in RALB can be extracted from the results of this thesis. This advantages include 1. ergonomic evaluation for assembly motions 2. ergonomic evaluation for a full working day (available in future version) and 3. essential ISO standard testing (available in future version).