With the rise of 5G and the increasing number ofdevices, novel antenna designs are needed to meet the demandof the future. In this report, the authors present a design andexperimental verification of a 3D-printed Geodesic ModulatedReflective Luneburg lens antenna working at the X-Band, 8-12GHz. The lens profile is calculated from the refractive index of aflat system using transformation optics. Furthermore, the lens ismodulated to minimize the height and chamfers are implementedto reduce reflections. A sliding waveguide connected to a coaxialcable is used to excite the lens while the transmitted signal isradiated from a sinusoidal flare. A copper-lined PLA substrateconstitutes the 3D-printed lens. The authors achieved a S11 below-10 dB across the spectrum and a realized gain exceeding 10 dBacross the sweeping angles at 12 GHz, showcasing the usabilityas a directed antenna. / Med det nya 5G nätverket och den ökandemängden enheter behövs nya antenner för att möta framtidensefterfrågan. I denna rapport presenterar författarna en designoch experimentell verifiering av en 3D-printad geodesisk moduleradreflekterande Luneburg linsantenn i X-bandet, 8-12 GHz.Linsprofilen beräknas från brytningsindexet för ett platt systemmed transformationsoptik. Dessutom är linsen modulerad föratt minimera höjden och kantavfasningar implementeras föratt minska reflektioner. En glidande vågledare ansluten till enkoaxialkabel används för att excitera linsen medan den sända signalenutstrålas från en vågledare med sinusformad avrundning.Ett kopparfodrat PLA-substrat utgör den 3D-printade linsen.Författarna uppnådde en S11 under -10 dB över spektrumet ochen realiserad förstärkning överstigande 10 dB över svepvinklarnavid 12 GHz, vilket visar linsens användbarhet som riktad antenn. / Kandidatexjobb i elektroteknik 2021, KTH, Stockholm

Emerging technologies such as wireless local area networks and cellular telephones have dramatically increased the use of wireless communications services within the last 10 years. The shortage of available spectrum exists due to increasing demand for wireless services and current spectrum allocation regulations. To alleviate this shortage, Research aims to improve spectral efficiency and to allow spectrum sharing between separately managed and non-coordinating communications systems. This thesis explores the feasibility of spectrum sharing between airborne weather radar and wireless local area networks at 9.3 GHz – 9.5 GHz. Characteristics of flight paths of aircraft using airborne weather radar and the low duty cycle of radar transmissions offer unique opportunities for spectrum sharing. But it was found that the extremely sensitive receivers provide challenges for designing a communications system meant for widespread use. The probability of causing harmful interference to airborne weather radar is too great for most types of wireless local area networks, but a direct sequence spread spectrum scheme could share spectrum with airborne weather radar. Bit errors in wireless local area network links caused by airborne weather radar interference do not significantly decrease the performance of the wireless local area network system. The distribution of interference outside of the airborne weather radar receiver by using direct sequence spread spectrum combined with the acceptable bit error rates indicate that while spectrum sharing between airborne weather radar and wireless local area network at 9.3 GHz – 9.5 GHz is not feasible, direct sequence spread spectrum systems can share spectrum with airborne weather radars under more limited assumptions. / Master of Science

In modern broadband microwave applications, receivers are very sensitive to interference signals which can come from the system itself or from hostile emitters. Electronically tunable bandstop filters can be used to eliminate these interference signals with adaptation to changing frequency conditions. In this thesis, electronically tunable bandstop filter design techniques are investigated for microwave frequencies. The aim is to find filter topologies which allow narrowband bandstop or &lsquo / notch&rsquo / filter designs with low-Q resonators and with tuning capability. Tunability will be provided by the use of electronically tunable capacitors, specifically varactor diodes. For this purpose, firstly direct bandstop filter techniques are investigated and their performances are analyzed. Then phase cancellation approach, which enables high quality bandstop filter design with lossy circuit elements, is introduced and analyzed. Lastly, a novel notch filter design technique called as all-pass filter approach is introduced. This approach allows a systematic design method and enables to design very good tunable notch filter characteristics with low-Q resonators. Three filter topologies using this approach are given and their performances are analyzed. Also prototype tunable notch filters operating in X-Band are designed and implemented by using these three topologies.

To date only very few bistatic measurements (airborne or in controlled laboratories) have been reported. Therefore most of the current remote sensing methods are still focused on monostatic (backscatter) measurements. These methods, based on theoretical, empirical or semi-empirical models, enable the estimation of soil roughness and the soil humidity (dielectric constant). For the bistatic case only theoretical methods have been developed and tested with monostatic data. Hence, there still remains a vital need to gain of experience and knowledge about bistatic methods and data. The main purpose of this thesis is to estimate the soil moisture and the soil roughness by using full polarimetric bistatic measurements. In the experimental part, bistatic X-band measurements, which have been recorded in the Bistatic Measurement Facility (BMF) at the DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Microwaves and Radar Institute, will be presented. The bistatic measurement sets are composed of soils with different statistical roughness and different moistures controlled by a TDR (Time Domain Reflectivity) system. The BMF has been calibrated using the Isolated Antenna Calibration Technique (IACT). The validation of the calibration was achieved by measuring the reflectivity of fresh water. In the second part, bistatic surface scattering analyses of the calibrated data set were discussed. Then, the specular algorithm was used to estimate the soil moisture of two surface roughnesses (rough and smooth) has been reported. A new technique using the coherent term of the Integral Equation Method (IEM) to estimate the soil roughness was presented. Also, the sensitivity of phase and reflectivity with regard to moisture variation in the specular direction was evaluated. Finally, the first results and validations of bistatic radar polarimetry for the specular case of surface scattering have been introduced. / Aktuell sind nur sehr wenige Messungen mit bistatischem Radar durchgeführt worden, sei es von Flugzeuggetragenen Systemen oder durch spezielle Aufbauten im Labor. Deshalb basieren die meisten der bekannten Methoden zur Fernerkundung mit Radar auf monostatis-chen Messungen der Rückstreuung des Radarsignals. Diese Methoden, die auf theoretischen, empirischen oder halb-empirischen Modellen basieren, ermöglichen die Schätzung der Oberfächenrauhigkeit und die Bodenfeuchtigkeit (Dielektrizitätskonstante). Im bistatischen Fall wurden bisher nur theoretische Modelle entworfen, die mittels monostatischer Messungen getestet wurden. Aus diesem Grund ist es von großer Bedeutung, Erfahrung und Wissen über die physikalischen Effekte in bistatischen Konfigurationen zu sammeln. Das Hauptziel der vorliegenden Dissertation ist es, anhand vollpolarimetrischer, bistatischer Radarmessungen die Oberfächenrauhigkeit und Bodenfeuchtigkeit zu bestimmen. Im experimentellen Teil der Arbeit werden die Ergebnisse bistatischer Messungen präsentiert, die in der Bistatic Measurement Facility (BMF) des DLR Oberpfaffenhofen aufgenommen wurden. Die Datensätze umfassen Messungen von Böden unterschiedlicher statistischer Rauhigkeit und Feuchtigkeit, die mittels eines Time Domain Reflectivity (TDR) Systems bestimmt werden. Zur Kalibration des BMF wurde die Isolated Antenna Calibration Technique (IACT) verwendet und anhand der Messung der Reflektivität von Wasser überprüft. Im zweiten Teil der vorliegenden Arbeit wird anhand der kalibrierten Daten eine Analyse der Oberflächenstreuung in bistatischen Konfigurationen vorgenommen. Im Anschluss daran wird mittels des Specular Algorithm eine Schätzung der Bodenfeuchte zweier Proben unter- schiedlicher Rauhigkeit (rau und fein) durchgeführt. Ein neues Verfahren zur Schätzung der Oberfächenrauhigkeit, das auf dem kohärenten Term der Integral Equation Method (IEM) basiert, wurde eingeführt. Daneben wird die Empfindlichkeit der Phase sowie der Reflektivität des vorwärtsgestreuten Signals gegenüber Veränderungen der Bodenfeuchtigkeit analysiert. Schließlich werden erste Ergebnisse und Validierungen bistatischer Radarpolarimetrie für den Fall der Vorwärtsstreuung präsentiert.

Dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) technologies are applicable to a wide variety of mobile wireless communication systems. The principal energy loss mechanism for this type of antenna is the dielectric loss, and then using modern ceramic materials, this may be very low. These antennas are typically of small size, with a high radiation efficiency, often above 95%; they deliver wide bandwidths, and possess a high power handling capability. The principal objectives of this thesis are to investigate and design DRA for low profile personal and nomadic communications applications for a wide variety of spectrum requirements: including DCS, PCS, UMTS, WLAN, UWB applications. X-band and part of Ku band applications are also considered. General and specific techniques for bandwidth expansion, diversity performance and balanced operation have been investigated through detailed simulation models, and physical prototyping. The first major design to be realized is a new broadband DRA operating from 1.15GHz to 6GHz, which has the potential to cover most of the existing mobile service bands. This antenna design employs a printed crescent shaped monopole, and a defected cylindrical DRA. The broad impedance bandwidth of this antenna is achieved by loading the crescent shaped radiator of the monopole with a ceramic material with a permittivity of 81. The antenna volume is 57.0  37.5  5.8 mm3, which in conjunction with the general performance parameters makes this antenna a potential candidate for mobile handset applications. The next class of antenna to be discussed is a novel offset slot-fed broadband DRA assembly. The optimised structure consists of two asymmetrically located cylindrical DRA, with a rectangular slot feed mechanism. Initially, designed for the frequency range from 9GHz to 12GHz, it was found that further spectral improvements were possible, leading to coverage from 8.5GHz to 17GHz. Finally, a new low cost dual-segmented S-slot coupled dielectric resonator antenna design is proposed for wideband applications in the X-band region, covering 7.66GHz to 11.2GHz bandwidth. The effective antenna volume is 30.0 x 25.0 x 0.8 mm3. The DR segments may be located on the same side, or on opposite sides, of the substrate. The end of these configurations results in an improved diversity performance.

[pt] Neste trabalho, é abordado um estudo para o desenvolvimento de filtros passa faixa cuja função de transferência é denominada quase-elíptica ou semielíptica. Esse nome vem por causa da sua principal característica que é a de apresentar apenas um par de polos de atenuação na banda de rejeição. O par de polos é determinado por meio do acoplamento cruzado entre dois pares de ressonadores dispostos de forma não adjacente, dessa maneira, enquanto um par de ressonadores é acoplado eletricamente o outro par realiza um acoplamento magnético. O método é aplicado utilizando duas tecnologias diferentes. A primeira, onde são utilizados ressonadores em anel cortado, desenvolvidos em microfita para realização de filtros na banda X de frequência. Neste caso, foram desenvolvidos um filtro de quarta e um de sexta ordem. A segunda tecnologia onde o método foi implementado é conhecida como SIW (Substrate Integrated Waveguide), operando na faixa de frequência da banda K. Neste caso, cavidades integradas ao substrato foram utilizadas como ressonadores e sendo acopladas entre si por meio de vias metalizadas inseridas no substrato. Para determinar as características dos acoplamentos, foi realizada análise do comportamento dos campos elétrico e magnético na estrutura. / [en] In this work, a study is presented for the development of bandpass filters whose transfer function is called quasi-elliptic or semi-elliptical. This name comes from its main feature which is to present only a pair of attenuation poles in the rejection band. The pair of poles is determined by cross-coupling between two pairs of resonators disposed non-adjacently, wherein while one pair of resonators is coupled electrically, the other pair performs a magnetic coupling. The method is applied using two different technologies. The first one uses a split ring resonator developed in microstrip for the realization of filters in the X Band frequency spectrum. In this case, a fourth and sixth order filter was developed. The second technology where the method was implemented is known as SIW (Substrate Integrated Waveguide), operating in the frequency range of K Band. In this case, cavities integrated into the substrate were used as resonators and were coupled to each other by means of metallic substrates inserted into the substrate. To determine the coupling characteristics, the behavior of the electric and magnetic fields in the structure was analyzed.

L'objectif de cette thèse était d'apporter une approche géophysique non linéaire à l'hydrologie urbaine. Elle a visé l'étude de la mise à l'échelle et de l'intermittence de la non-linéarité des précipitations, la réalisation d'une méthode de prévision stochastique à très court terme ("nowcast"), ainsi que son application aux processus hydrologiques dans les environnements (semi-) urbains. La partie modélisation hydrologique globale concerne la vallée de la Bièvre, zone semi-urbanisée de 110 km2 dans le sud-ouest de la région parisienne. Par conséquent, trois études différentes ont été réalisées dans cette zone à l'aide de deux modèles hydrologiques : le modèle conceptuel semi-distribué InfoWorks CS appliqué sur tout le bassin versant de Bièvre ; et le modèle physique complètement distribué Multi-Hydro, développé à l'École des Ponts ParisTech, appliqué sur deux sous-bassins versants de la Bièvre. Les principaux objectifs étaient de mieux comprendre les impacts de la variabilité spatio-temporelle des données pluviométriques en utilisant deux produits (les données radar bande-C de Météo-France avec une résolution de 1 km x 1 km x 5 min, et les données radar DPSRI band-X de l'ENPC à une résolution de 250 m x 250 m x 3.41 min) comme entrées pour les modèles, et d'identifier les capacités de chaque modèle pour traiter des données à une meilleur résolution, telles que la bande-X. Ensuite, les résultats obtenus démontrent que la fiabilité des simulations hydrologiques dépend intrinsèquement des caractéristiques des données pluviométriques. De plus, les données du radar bande-X pourraient mesurer des pics de précipitations plus élevés et le modèle complètement distribué était plus sensible à une meilleure résolution des données pluviométriques. Par la suite, des données de pluie provenant des radars météorologiques situés à des endroits complètement différents (Brésil, France, Japon) ont été analysées et comparées statistiquement afin d'améliorer la compréhension générale du comportement scalant des précipitations. De plus, le théorème d'intersection a été appliqué pour mettre en évidence les impacts de la variabilité spatiale d'un réseau virtuel de pluviomètres, qui a été généré en considérant l'emplacement des centres de masse de chaque sous-bassin versant de la vallée de la Bièvre. Ainsi, il a été possible d'identifier que la fractalité du réseau virtuel a conduit à une perte d'information importante des champs de pluie, biaisant leurs statistiques. Cela indique que le processus commun (largement retrouvé dans la littérature) de calibration des données radar à l'aide de pluviomètres devrait correctement prendre en compte cette fractalité. Enfin, une nouvelle approche de prévision stochastique immédiate a été proposée, à l'aide du modèle des multifractals universels (UM) en cascades continues. Cette méthode a été appliquée aux données des radars pluviométriques de la région amazonienne brésilienne et de Paris. Bien qu'il soit encore en développement et nécessite quelques améliorations, les premiers résultats obtenus avec ce modèle de prévision présenté ici sont vraiment encourageants et corroborent une fois de plus le besoin de données à haute résolution spatio-temporelle pour faire face aux crues soudaines / The focus of this thesis was to bring a nonlinear geophysical approach to urban hydrology. It aimed the study of rainfall non-linearity scaling and intermittency, achieving a stochastic very short-range forecast (nowcast) method, as well as its application to hydrological processes in (semi-) urban environments. The overall hydrological modelling part concerned the Bièvre Valley, which is a 110 km2 semi-urbanized area in the southwest of Paris region. Therefore, three different studies were performed within this area using two hydrological models: the conceptually-based semi-distributed model InfoWorks CS over the total Bièvre catchment, and the physically-based fully-distributed model developed at École des Ponts ParisTech called Multi-Hydro over two sub-catchments. The main goals were to better understand the impacts of spatio-temporal variability of rainfall data by using two products (the Météo-France C-band radar data with a resolution of 1 km x 1 km x 5 min; and the ENPC DPSRI X-band radar data at a 250 m x 250 m x 3.41 min resolution) as input to the models, and to identify the capacities of each model to deal with better resolution data, such as the X-band one. Then, the obtained results demonstrate that the reliability of the hydrological simulations are intrinsically dependent on rainfall data features. Moreover, the X-band radar data could measure higher peaks of rainfall rates and the fully-distributed model was more sensitive to better resolution rainfall data. Afterwards, different weather rainfall radar data from completely different sites (Brazil, France, Japan) were statistically analysed and compared in order to improve the general comprehension of rainfall scaling behaviour. In addition, the Intersection Theorem was applied to highlight the impacts of spatial variability of a virtual rain gauge network. The latter was generated by considering the location of each Bièvre Valley sub-catchment mass centre. Thus, it was possible to identify that the fractality of the virtual network led to an important information loss of the rainfall fields, biasing their statistics. This indicates that the common process (largely found in literature) of radar data calibration using rain gauges should be properly take into account this fractality. Finally, a new stochastic nowcast approach was proposed, using the continuous in scale cascade Universal Multifractals (UM) model. This method was applied to weather rainfall radar data from the Brazilian Amazon region and Paris. Although it is still under development and needs some improvements, the first results obtained with this forecast model presented here in this thesis are really encouraging and once more corroborate to the need of high spatio-temporal resolution data to cope flash floods

Os materiais absorvedores de radiação eletromagnética (MARE) têm recebido muita atenção nas últimas quatro décadas, devido à crescente utilização para atender as exigências das legislações governamentais no controle de níveis de radiação eletromagnética espúria emitida por equipamentos eletrônicos, das normas industriais de compatibilidade e interferência eletromagnética, envolvendo basicamente as indústrias de equipamentos eletrônicos e telecomunicações, bem como a demanda da sociedade na confiabilidade nos equipamentos eletrônicos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a produção e a caracterização de MARE na faixa de freqüências compreendida entre 8,2 12,4 GHz, baseados em papel celulósico impregnado com negro de fumo e matriz tipo poliuretano, aplicado por meio de pistola de pintura. Seis diferentes condições de impregnação foram estudadas, variando distância de aplicação e número de demãos (uma em cada lado do papel celulósico): 25 cm 2 demãos, 25 cm 4 demãos, 30 cm 2 demãos, 30 cm 4 demãos, 40 cm -2 demãos e 40 cm 4 demãos. Os resultados médios obtidos da caracterização eletromagnética dos seis lotes, via medição dos parâmetros S (S11/S22 Energia refletida, Er e S12/S21 Energia transmitida, Et) e calculo da energia absorvida (Ea), mostram que para os lotes com duas demãos, quanto maior a distância de aplicação, menores são os valores de Er e Ea e maior é a Et, uma vez que a gramatura do MARE diminui. Para os lotes com quatro demãos, quanto maior a distância de aplicação, menor é a Er e maior a Et. Entretanto, o parâmetro Ea para o lote com quatro demãos não se comporta como o lote com duas demãos, pois entre as distâncias de aplicação 25 cm e 30 cm é observada a queda de Ea, mas com a distância de aplicação 40 cm o valor de Ea aumenta, pois a onda eletromagnética consegue penetrar mais efetivamente no material, ou seja, há uma determinada concentração de centros absorvedores no substrato que permite maior interação do material com a onda eletromagnética. A partir dos valores de Ea, Er e Et foram selecionados 3 condições de impregnação para montagem de um MARE baseado em 8 tubos de celulose montados lado a lado formando um quadrado, sendo cada tubo com dimensões de 50 cm de comprimento e diâmetro de 7,6 cm, dobrados ao meio para promover múltiplas reflexões do sinal e assim aumentar a atenuação do sinal. As condições de impregnação foram escolhidas a partir da análise dos resultados dos seis lotes com base no menor valor de energia refletida e maior energia absorvida, na seguinte ordem crescente: 25 cm 4 demãos, 25 cm 2 demãos e 40 cm 2 demãos. Os resultados de refletividade no arco NRL mostram que a maior atenuação é obtida no lote com menor valor de energia refletida (40 cm 2 demãos, -8,20 dB/84,8% em média) e a menor atenuação no lote com maior valor de energia refletida (-2,84 dB/48,0%). Estes resultados demonstram que para um MARE baseado em múltiplas reflexões possuir alta eficiência de absorção de energia, o mesmo deve possuir baixos valores de energia refletida, pois a onda eletromagnética deve ter capacidade de penetrar na estrutura do material, fazendo com que a reflexão seja diminuída. / The electromagnetic absorbers has been receiving a lot of attention in the last four decades, due to their growing use in order to attend the demands of governmental control laws of electromagnetic radiation spurious levels emitted by electronic devices, industrial standards of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and electromagnetic interference (EMI), basically involving electronic and telecommunication industries, as well the demand of the society on the reliability of electronic equipments. The aim of the present work is to study the production and characterization of electromagnetic absorbers in the frequency range of 8,2 12,4 GHz, based on cellulose paper impregnated with carbon black and poliuretanic matrix, applied with spray gun. Six different conditions of impregnation were studied by varying the application distance and number of coats (one coat on each paper side): 25 cm 2 coats, 25 cm 2 coats, 25 cm 4 coats, 30 cm 2 coats, 30 cm 4 coats, 40 cm - coats and 40 cm 4 coats. The results of scattering parameters (S11/S22 reflected energy, Er and S12/S21 transmitted energy, Et) and calculated absorbed energy (Ea) for the six conditions showed that the conditions with two coats, the larger coat application distance, the smaller are the values of Er and Ea and the larger is Et, due to the decrease of paper gramature. The conditions with four coats, the larger coat application distance, the smaller is the value of Er and larger is the Et. However, the values of Ea for the condition with four coats has different behavior when compared with the condition with two coats, because between application distances of 25 cm and 30 cm is observed the decrease of Ea values, but with the application distance of 40 cm the Ea value increases, because the electromagnetic wave can penetrate more effectively in the material bulk, or be, there is a concentration of absorbers centers inside the material that allows a stronger interaction with the electromagnetic wave. Based on the values of Ea, Er and Et for the six conditions, were selected three conditions to assemble an electromagnetic absorber based on eight cellulose tubes, places side by side in order to form a square, with each tube with dimensions of 50 cm length and 7,6 cm diameter, bended in the middle portion to promote multiple reflections of electromagnetic wave in order to increase the signal attenuation. The conditions of tubes impregnation were chosen by the analysis of the six conditions results, based on the smaller value of Er and the larger value of Ea: 25 cm 4 coats, 25 cm 2 coats e 40 cm 2 coats. The reflectivity results of NRL arch shows that the larger attenuation is observed with the condition that present the smaller reflected energy (40 cm 2 coats, -8,20 dB/84,8%) and the smaller attenuation in the lot with the larger value of reflected energy (-2,84 dB/48,0%). These results shows that for an electromagnetic absorber based on multiple reflections possess high efficiency of energy absorption, the material must possess lower values of reflected energy, because the electromagnetic wave must have the capacity to penetrate in the bulk of the material, decreasing the reflection.

Au cours de l’automne 2012, un réseau d’observation très complémentaire a été déployé dans la région des Cévennes pour la période d’observation spéciale (SOP) du projet HyMeX. Ce réseau d’observation a été spécifiquement élaboré afin d’étudier la structure et l’hétérogénéité des précipitations et en particulier, l’impact du relief sur cette structure. Dans un premier temps, l’analyse de la distribution des gouttes de pluie (DSD) au sol et le long d’un profil vertical à partir des observations nous permet de décrire précisément la structure des précipitations le long d’un gradient topographique. Afin de comprendre l’influence du relief sur cette structure, nous nous concentrons sur les processus microphysique associés à la structure des précipitations. Pour ce faire, nous définissons trois régimes de pluie et étudions l’évolution verticale de la DSD le long du gradient topographique. Les variations en nombre ou en taille dans la DSD peuvent être associées à différents processus microphysiques ou dynamiques. Pour finir, nous estimons la capacité d’un modèle paramétré de l’atmosphère tel que WRF à représenter la structure des précipitations et les processus associés dans une zone de montagne. / During Fall 2012, a complementary observational network has been deployed in the Cévennes region (South of France) for the Special Observation Period (SOP) of the HyMeX project. This network has been specifically designed to study the structure and heterogeneity of precipitations and, in particulat, the impact of orography on this structure. Firstly, the analysis of the Drop Size Distribution (DSD) at the ground et along a vertical profile from ground observations allow us to describe precisely the rainfall structure along a topographical gradient. In order to understand the influence of a relief on this structure, we focus our study on the microphysical process associated with the structure of precipitations. To do so, we define three rainfall regime et study the vertical evolution of the DSD along the topographical gradient. Variations in number and size of the DSD can be associated with different microphysical or dynamical process. Finally, we estimate the capacity of a bulk atmospheric model such as WRF to represent the rainfall structure and associated mechanisms above a mountainous area.

L'objectif principal de cette thèse était de parvenir à un outil de gestion fiable des bassins de rétention d'eaux pluviales en utilisant les données radar en bande X. Il s’est avéré que cela nécessite plusieurs développements de recherche. Le cas d’étude considéré comprend un bassin de 10000 m3 situé en Val-de-Marne et construit en aval d'un bassin versant urbain de 2.15 km2. Il assure un double rôle de traitement des eaux pluviales et de prévention des inondations par stockage du volume. Opérationnellement les modes de gestion associés à chacun de ces objectifs sont antagonistes si bien qu’une gestion prédictive a été mise en place ; exploitation routinière en mode anti-pollution et basculement vers le mode anti-inondation en cas de besoin. Il doit se faire sur la base d’une connaissance sûre de la situation pluvieuse prévue à court terme. Une façon courante de répondre aux besoins opérationnels de la gestion prédictive est de mettre en place un système d’alerte basé sur l’utilisation des données radar. Le système CALAMAR par exemple, repose sur l’utilisation des données radar brutes à mono polarisation du réseau radar de Météo-France; traitées avec des méthodes de conversion classiques Z-R et une calibration avec des pluviomètres. Cependant, la fiabilité de ce système fait débat, notamment vis-à-vis de la qualité de la mesure radar obtenue. Une nouvelle méthodologie de comparaison de produits radar a été développée au cours de cette thèse. Elle repose sur le cadre théorique des multifractals et permet une comparaison de la structure et de la morphologie des champs de précipitations dans l'espace et le temps à travers les échelles. Cette méthode a d'abord été appliquée sur les produits CALAMR et Météo-France, puis, pour confirmer certains des résultats, sur les premières données d’un radar bande X, acquis par l’Ecole des Ponts ParisTech dans le cadre du projet Européen RainGain et fournissant des mesures de précipitations à des échelles plus fines (jusqu’à 100m en espace et 1 min en temps). Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence non seulement l'influence cruciale des méthodes de traitement des données brutes sur la variabilité spatio-temporelle à travers les échelles, mais permettent également de prédéfinir les conditions dans lesquelles la calibration CALAMAR peut aggraver la qualité des mesures. Elles seraient très difficiles à détecter par les méthodes classiques largement répandues, n’impliquant qu’un nombre très limité de pixels radar (seulement ceux correspondants aux pluviomètres au sol). Des extensions de la méthodologie proposée ouvriront de nouveaux horizons pour la calibration des données de pluie. Alors que la littérature scientifique, notamment autour expériences TOMACS au Japon et CASA aux Etats-Unis, souligne l’importance opérationnelle d’une mesure de pluie plus détaillée grâce au radar en bande X, son impact sur les performances des modèles hydrologiques fait encore débat. Les recherches antérieures, basée pour la plupart sur des modèles conceptuels, ne sont pas concluantes. Ainsi pour dépasser ces limites, nous avons utilisé deux modèles impliquant des approches de modélisation différentes : CANOE (semi-distribué et conceptuel) et Multi-Hydro (distribué et à base physique ; développé à l’ENPC). Une version opérationnelle de CANOE et une nouvelle configuration plus fine améliorant considérablement la sensibilité du modèle à la variabilité de la pluie ont été utilisées. Plusieurs développements ont été apportés à Multi-Hydro, y compris une optimisation de sa résolution, ce qui améliore grandement l'ensemble de ses fonctionnalités. Il ressort de ce travail qu’en prenant en compte la variabilité spatio-temporelle des précipitations à petite échelle, la performance des modèles hydrologiques peut être augmentée jusqu'à 20%.Nous pensons que cette thèse a contribué à la mise au point de nouveaux outils opérationnels, fiables ayant la capacité de prendre en compte les données en bande X haute résolution / The main goal of this thesis was to achieve a reliable management tool of storm water storage basins using high resolution X-band radar. It turned out that it required several research developments. The analysed case study includes a retention basin of 10000 m3 located in Val de Marne county downstream of a 2.15 km2 urban catchment. It has a twofold goal: storm water decontamination and flood protection by volume storage. Operationally the management strategies associated with these two aims are conflicting; hence, a predictive management has been set up: a routine exploitation of the basin in the anti-pollution mode, and a switch to the flood protection mode when needed. It should be based a reliable knowledge of short-term rainfall forecasts. A common way to respond to operational needs of the predictive management is to set up a warning system based on the use of radar data. For example, the CALAMAR system relies on the use of single-polarization raw radar data, coming from Meteo-France radar network, being processed with the conventional Z-R conversion methods followed by a calibration with rain gauge. However, the reliability of such warning systems has been subject to debate, often due to a questionable quality of the resulting radar rainfall estimates, compared to local rain gauges. Therefore a new methodology for more meaningful comparison of radar rainfall field products was developed during this PhD project. Being rooted to the multifractal theory, it allows a comparison of the structure and the morphology of rainfall fields in both space and time through scales. It was initially tested on CALAMAR and Meteo-France rainfall products before being applied for results confirmation on initial data from a X band radar, acquired by Ecole des Ponts ParisTech in the framework of the European project RainGain and providing data at higher resolution (up to 100 m in space and 1 min in time). The obtained results not only highlight the crucial influence of raw data processing on the scaling behaviour, but also permit to pre-define the conditions when the CALAMAR optimization may worsen the quality of rainfall estimates. Such conditions would be very difficult to detect with widely used conventional methods, which rely on a very limited number of radar pixels (only those containing rain gauges). Further extensions of the proposed methodology open new horizons for the rainfall data merging. While the scientific literature, notably around the TOMACS experiment in Japan and CASA one in the United States, highlights the operational benefits of higher resolution rainfall measurements thanks to X-band radars, its impact on the performance of hydrological models still remains a subject of debate. Indeed previous research, mainly based on conceptual models remains inconclusive. To overcome these limitations, we used two models relying on two very distinct modelling approaches: CANOE (semi-distributed and conceptual) and Multi-Hydro (fully distributed and physically based research model developed at ENPC). An operational version of CANOE and a new much finer configuration, which increases the sensitivity of the model to spatio-temporal variability of small-scale rainfall, were used. Several extensions of the Multi-Hydro were developed, including an optimization of its resolution, which greatly improves its whole functionality. It appears from this work that by taking into account the spatial and temporal variability of small-scale rainfall, the performance of hydrologic models can be increased up to 20%.Overall, we believe that this dissertation contributes to the development of new, reliable, operational tools to use in their full extent the high-resolution X-band data