Orientador: Carmen Lucia Soares / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T12:17:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosa_MariaCristina_D.pdf: 9407245 bytes, checksum: 1e66a2d47acc2030e3f644283471ca97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Sendo as Minas Gerais uma sociedade na qual se operam múltiplas trocas, mudanças, trânsitos, esta pesquisa busca compreender processos de educação dos corpos a partir dos divertimentos, e circunscreve, como seu objeto, modos de educar, de se divertir, de adoecer e de curar. Numa sociedade que se configura pela aparência, que considera importante ter, mas fundamental ser, em que a vida exemplar é norma, o corpo destaca-se. Estado e Igreja, principais instâncias de poder, estabelecem uma política moralizadora e civilizadora que almeja ordenar o bem comum, estabelecer um modelo de civilidade. Atuam, pois, na busca do controle de práticas em que a vigilância impera. Tendo como pressuposto básico a idéia de que o universo cultural que se configura não se restringe ao modelo europeu e de que nem sempre se prende aos valores, gestos e costumes de africanos, indígenas e europeus, caracterizando-se por hibridações, permeabilidades e permanências, esta pesquisa procura compreender a dinamicidade dos corpos na comarca de Vila Rica. Apoiada em fontes, como iconografia, literatura e documentos, explora o terreno das normas em que o controle e direcionamento da vida diária estabelecem maneiras e modos de proceder, formas de educação dos corpos. Além disso, destaca o âmbito das contravenções, por transgressões, delitos e desvios. Tensionando esses dois pólos, a pesquisa tenta compreender como as pessoas se aproximam ou afastam dos padrões e ainda como os reinventam: caminhos e descaminhos. Para isso, desenvolve o entendimento de educação que, no seu sentido pleno, remete ao governo dos costumes, na época marcados pela desproporção entre brancos e negros, sendo estes a maioria. Buscou-se, assim, compreender a idéia de educar o outro, no sentido polissêmico que o termo abarca, lidando com bons e maus tratos, com o homem branco e com o escravo e seus descendentes. Daí a razão de serem considerados processos educativos da Igreja, de pais e senhores, entre outros, como também de investigar mudanças no espaço físico, uma vez que ambos, corpo e espaço, neste tempo e local, sofrem significativas intervenções de reestruturação que almejam ordenamento e limpeza, mediante alterações em sua superfície, nos invólucros. No âmbito da diversão, destacam-se os descaminhos, embora o princípio da racionalização das práticas predomine e o econômico reja a vida cultural e norteie ações, como descanso, ciência, divertimento e tratos dos corpos. Esse enfoque da diversão traz, entre suas conseqüências, a tentativa de institucionalização de práticas, principalmente de negros e descendentes, ação que reclama intervenções e estratégias múltiplas, controle e disciplina dos corpos. No entanto, lícitos ou não, locais e formas de diversão que se manifestam em práticas culturais, como jogos, festas, danças, batizados e batuques, realizados em ruas, igrejas, vendas e casas de alcouce, traduzem tempo e espaço de trânsito, sociabilidade, permissividade, publicidade, desordem e banimento, pronunciam-se, especialmente, pelos desvios. Portanto prazeres, regalos, deleites, ainda que lícitos, devem ser vigiados. Para além das normas, transgressões e tentativas de controle, depara-se com as doenças. Extremamente atreladas, diversão e doenças manifestam-se em diferentes práticas e discursos, em que são também associadas ao vício e ao pecado / Abstract: Being Minas Gerais a society that carries out numerous exchanges, changes, circulation, this research tries to understand the proceedings of education of the bodies from the amusement on and circumscribes as its object, ways of educating amusing, falling ill and curing. In a society represented by the appearance that it considers important having, but fundamental being, in which the exemplary life is rule, the body stands out. State and the Church, the most important resorts of power, established a moralizing and civilizing politic that longs for arranging the common well-being establishing a civility model. They act, then, looking for the control of habits in which reigns vigilance. Being the basic presupposition the idea that the cultural universe presented is not limited to the European one and that it is not always caught to the values, gests and the African habits, native and European, characterized by hibridation, permeabilities and staying, this research tries to understand the bodies¿ dynamism in Vila Rica. Supported in sources such as iconography, literature and documents, it explores the rule¿s area where the control of daily¿s life establishes manners and ways to proceed, ways to educate the bodies. In addition, it stands out the contraventions through transgressions, crimes and deviations. Having this two subjects in mind, the research tries to understand how people get closer to or distant from the standards and how they reinvent them: ways and deways. It develops the understanding of education that appeals to the government of the habits, at that time marked by disproportion between white and black people, where the black ones were the majority. This way, the research tempted to understand the idea of educating the others, including good and ill treatment, with the white man and the black slaves and their descendants. That¿s why not only educational procedures of the church, parents and landlords should be considered, but also the investigation of the changes in the physical space, because body and space, at that time and at that space, suffer significant interventions of restructuration that longs for order and cleanliness through suface¿s alterations, in the wrappers. Having the amusement as the scope, the deways stand out even though the rationing of these practices were predominant and the economic aspect directed cultural life and guided actions like relaxation, science, amusement and bodies traits. This view of amusement brings, as a consequence, the effort to institute practices, especially between black people and their descendants, an action that calls for interventions and numerous strategies, control and bodies discipline. Nevertheless, permitted or not, places and ways of amusement showed in cultural practices, such as games, parties, dances, baptisms and throbs, held in the streets, churches, stores and prostitution houses translates time and space, sociability, permissivity, publicity, disorder and banishment are showed especially by deviation. Then, pleasure, entertainment and delights, even being permitted, should be watched. Further on rules, transgressions and control tries, illnesses are present. Extremely linked, amusement and diseases are showed in different practices and speeches, in which are also associated to vice and sin / Doutorado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Doutor em Educação

Orientador: Edgar S. De Decca / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T02:41:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gnerre_MariaLuciaAbaurre_D.pdf: 22004606 bytes, checksum: 4b7eb43137bfa738a058518146b1e556 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Analisamos, nesta tese, alguns aspectos de uma narrativa produzida por um viajante anônimo, nos últimos anos do século XVIII, o Roteiro do Maranhão a Goiaz pela Capitania do Piauhi. Trata-se de um texto colonial anônimo que se encontra na matriz de importantes discursos sobre a identidade nacional brasileira. O texto incide diretamente sobre outros textos importantes da historiografia brasileira da primeira metade do século XX, como Capítulos de história colonial, de Capistrano de Abreu, e Formação do Brasil contemporâneo, de Caio Prado Jr. O autor anônimo do Roteiro do Maranhão a Goiaz pela Capitania do Piauhi revela uma excepcional eloqüência argumentativa ao buscar persuadir seus interlocutores, na metrópole, sobre a adequação do plano que propõe para a ocupação dos sertões entre os rios Tocantins e Paraíba. Através deste plano, pretende, em síntese, levar o estado português ao sertão da colônia. Reconhecemos, no texto do Roteiro, as marcas da ilustração portuguesa, com suas nuances bem características, formando o substrato teórico do pensamento econômico presente no Roteiro do Maranhão. Os temas do ócio, da indolência, das terras incultas e espíritos bárbaros, presentes nesta representação dos sertões, são exemplos de características que derivam da imagem que se formara da própria nação portuguesa no século XVIII. Analisamos como esta representação de Portugal, em seu momento de crise, migra, através do texto do Roteiro do Maranhão, para o sertão da colônia, e identificamos as propostas do autor anônimo para solucionar tais problemas / Abstract: This thesis analyzes some aspects of a travel narrative - Roteiro do Maranhão a Goiaz passando pela Capitania do Piauhi - written by an anonymous author. In the last years of the XVIII century, this writer made a long journey through the Portuguese colonies in the Amazon region. In his "Roteiro", the traveler elaborates an important colonization plan aimed at founding a state organization in one of the most desert and uncivilized areas of the Portuguese colonies. In order to plot this course of action, the author uses all his knowledge about economy, in the way that it was understood in XVIII century Portugal. / Doutorado / Historia Social / Doutor em História

Submitted by Maria Dulce (mdulce@ndc.uff.br) on 2014-07-01T17:56:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Precioso, Daniel-Tese-2014.pdf: 2609576 bytes, checksum: e7ee5a477b36b702e64f49b9916e3bf7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-01T17:56:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Precioso, Daniel-Tese-2014.pdf: 2609576 bytes, checksum: e7ee5a477b36b702e64f49b9916e3bf7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Esta tese apresenta um estudo de arquiconfrarias e ordens terceiras fundadas por pardos e crioulos, forros ou livres, na Capitania de Minas Gerais – sobretudo, em Vila Rica e Mariana – durante a segunda metade do século XVIII. A pesquisa concilia o exame da dinâmica institucional dessas corporações com uma análise das carreiras e redes sociais tecidas pelos seus membros. Destaca-se que o estabelecimento das associações estudadas não reflete apenas o desejo de aprimoramento da vida religiosa e a devoção de seus fundadores, mas também a tentativa de aquisição de privilégios religiosos, isenções jurisdicionais e status social. Além disso, relaciona-se o surgimento das instituições analisadas com a promoção de ações de caridade e assistência social. / This thesis is a study of Archonfraternities and Third orders created by pardos and creoles, freed or free men, in the Captaincy of Minas Gerais – most importantly, in Vila Rica and Mariana – during the second half of the XVIII century. The research reconciles the exam of the institutional dynamics of those corporations with an analysis of the careers and social networks woven by their members. This study emphasizes that establishment of the studied associations doesn’t reflect only the desire to perfect the religious life and the devotion of their founders, but also the attempt to acquire religious privileges, exemptions of authorities and social recognition. Furthermore, this study links the appearance of the institutions analyzed with the promotion of charity actions and social assistance.

Abstract The tumor microenvironment (TME) is critically important for tumor development. The microenvironment consists of fibroblasts, endothelial and immune cells as well as extracellular matrix (ECM), proteases and various other soluble factors produced by the cells. It is challenging to develop methods that appropriately mimic the human microenvironment, but this effort is essential in order to reliably elucidate the properties of potential anti-tumor drugs. The aim of this study was to create new 3D organotypic invasion models based on human tissue that would be used to study the effects of the anti-angiogenic molecules arresten and endostatin on tongue squamous carcinoma cells. The classic way to study cancer invasion has been to use a collagen invasion model that is created by mixing rat type I collagen, matrix produced by mouse EHS tumor cells and human fibroblasts. Our research group has developed a novel human myoma tissue based invasion model, which is composed of several different cell types and molecules that are normally present in the human TME. We show how this model is suitable for invasion studies, not only for oral cancer, but for other invasive cell lines as well. There are several matrix-derived fragments that have been shown to possess anti-angiogenic activity. Arresten is a 26 kDa fragment that is cleaved from type IV collagen and is known to inhibit angiogenesis, the formation of new capillaries and tumor growth in vivo. However, its effect on the tumor microenvironment in addition to endothelial cells has not been studied. We show that arresten also directly affects oral cancer cells by decreasing their migration and invasion as well as tumor size, invasion and angiogenesis in in vivo mouse xenografts. Another inhibitor of angiogenesis, endostatin, is cleaved from type XVIII collagen. It has been shown to suppress angiogenesis and tumor growth without toxicity or side effects in mouse models. Our studies show that endostatin directly affects tongue squamous carcinoma cells by reducing their invasion and spreading in organotypic 3D assays and mouse tumor models. In summary, arresten and endostatin are anti-angiogenic as well as anti-invasive molecules and therefore potential cancer drugs. They seem to have a direct effect on carcinoma cells making the cells less invasive. The myoma model allows us to study the effects of anti-cancer molecules with a new prospective. / Tiivistelmä Syövän mikroympäristö on erittäin tärkeä syövän kehittymisen kannalta. Se koostuu fibroblasteista, endoteeli- ja immuunisoluista, soluväliaineesta, proteaaseista ja monista muista solujen tuottamista liukoisista molekyyleistä. On haastavaa kehittää uusia menetelmiä, jotka jäljittelisivät oikeaa ihmisen syövän mikroympäristöä, mutta se on välttämätöntä uusien syöpälääkkeiden tutkimiseksi. Väitöstutkimuksen tavoitteena oli kehittää kolmiulotteinen ihmisen myoomakudokseen perustuvan invaasiomalli, jonka avulla voisimme tutkia verisuonten kasvua estävien arresten ja endostatin molekyylien vaikutusta kielisyöpäsoluihin. Aiemin syövän invaasiota on tutkittu käyttämällä klassista kollageeni-invaasiomallia, joka tehdään sekoittamalla rotan tyypin I kollageeniä, hiiren sarkoomasolujen tuottamaa matriksia ja ihmisen fibroblasteja. Tutkimuksissamme kehitimme uuden invaasiomallin, joka perustuu ihmisen myoomakudokseen. Tutkimuksessa sen todettiin sisältävän monia erilaisia soluja ja molekyylejä, joita on normaalistikkin syövän mikroympäristössä. Lisäksi osoitimme, että se sopii invaasiotutkimuksiin monille syöpätyypeille. Soluvälitilamatriksista pilkotaan useita erilaisia molekyylejä joilla on osoitettu olevan angiogeneesia hillitseviä ominaisuuksia. Arresten on 26 kDa kokoinen polypeptidi, jota pilkotaan tyypin IV kollageenista. Sen tiedetään vähentävän angiogeneesia – uusien verisuonten muodostumista ja syövän kasvua in vivo. Sen vaikutuksia muihin kuin endoteelisoluihin ei ole kuitenkaan tutkittu. Tutkimuksissamme se vaikutti suoraan kielisyöpäsoluihin vähentäen niiden liikkumista ja invaasiota kolmiulotteisissa organotyyppisisssä malleissa ja hiirimallissa. Toinen tutkimamme angiogeneesin inhibiittori on endostatin, jota pilkotaan tyypin XVIII kollageenista. Sen tiedetään vähentävän angiogeneesia hiirimalleissa ilman toksisia sivuvaikutuksia. Me osoitimme tutkimuksissamme, että se vaikuttaa suoraan kielisyöpäsoluihin vähentäen niiden invaasiota ja leviämistä 3D organotyyppisissä malleissa sekä hiirikokeissa. Koska arresten ja endostatin ovat anti-angiogeenisiä ja anti-invasiivisia molekyylejä, ne ovat täten potentiaalisia syöpälääkkeitä. Ne näyttäisivät vaikuttavan suoraan syöpäsoluihin vähentämällä niiden invaasiota. Myoomainvaasiomalli mahdollistaa syöpää ehkäisevien molekyylien tutkimisen uudella ja todenmukaisemmalla tavalla.

Abstract Collagen XVIII is an evolutionarily conserved, ubiquitously-expressed basement membrane (BM) proteoglycan produced in three isoforms, the individual roles of which are largely unknown. The physiological in vivo roles of these collagen XVIII isoforms are studied here using novel genetically modified mouse strains deficient in either the short or the medium/long isoforms of the molecule. In addition, the effects of keratin-14-driven overexpression of the thrombospondin-1 (Tsp-1) –like domain, which is common to all three collagen XVIII isoforms, are studied. The findings underline the importance of the short collagen XVIII isoform in the eye, as its absence was sufficient to cause the aberrant vascularisation of the retina previously reported in mice lacking all isoforms of collagen XVIII. In addition, an excess of the collagen XVIII Tsp-1 domain led to serious eye abnormalities, possibly by interfering with the functions of the full-length collagen XVIII produced in mice. Collagen XVIII was also shown to contribute to adipogenesis in an isoform-specific manner, in that a lack of the medium/long isoforms of collagen XVIII led to impaired adipocyte maturation and the subsequent reduction in the adipocyte number induced liver steatosis and hypertriglyceridaemia. Hence this work establishes a new extracellular matrix ECM-directed mechanism contributing to control over the multistep adipogenesis programme and points to the functional consequences of its impairment for ectopic fat deposition. The enzymatic remodelling of ECM components results in molecules with novel biological activities. Arresten is a collagen IV(α1)-derived fragment with anti-angiogenic properties which was originally described as not having any direct anti-tumour effects on cancer cells themselves. The present data revealed novel inhibitory roles for arresten in oral squamous carcinoma cell proliferation, survival, motility and invasion. Since arresten is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis, the data generated here further underline the possibility for using it as a therapeutic agent in cases of cancer. / Tiivistelmä Kollageeni XVIII on tyvikalvojen proteoglykaani ja yksi harvoista evoluutiossa konservoituneista kollageeneista. Se esiintyy elimistössä kolmena isomuotona, joiden biologiset tehtävät ovat vielä jokseenkin epäselviä. Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitettiin kollageeni XVIII:n isomuotojen fysiologista merkitystä hyödyntäen uusia hiirilinjoja, joilta kollageeni XVIII:n lyhyt tai kaksi pisintä varianttia oli geneettisesti inaktivoitu. Poistogeenisten hiirimallien rinnalle tehtiin kaikille varianteille yhteistä trombospondiini-1 (Tsp-1)-domeinia yli-ilmentävä hiirilinja. Tämän väitöskirjatutkimuksen avulla saatiin uutta tietoa kollageeni XVIII:n ja etenkin sen lyhimmän variantin tärkeästä roolista silmässä. Aikaisemmat tutkimukset ovat osoittaneet kollageeni XVIII:n puutteen häiritsevän silmän verkkokalvon verisuonituksen normaalia kehittymistä. Tässä työssä havaittiin, että pelkästään lyhyen isomuodon puute riitti altistamaan hiiret muutoksille verkkokalvon suonituksessa. Tsp-1-osan ylimäärän havaittiin lisäksi alistavan hiiret muutoksille silmän rakenteessa, mahdollisesti häiritsemällä silmässä jo olemassa olevan kollageeni XVIII:n toimintaa. Tässä työssä havaittiin myös uusi yhteys kollageeni XVIII:n ja rasvasolujen kypsymisen välillä. Verrokkihiiriin verrattuna muodostuvan rasvakudoksen havaittiin jäävän merkittävästi vähäisemmäksi poistogeenisillä hiirillä, joilta kollageeni XVIII:n pitkät isomuodot olivat geneettisesti inaktivoitu. Heikentynyt rasvakudoksen muodostuminen lisäsi triglyseridien kertymistä hiiren verenkiertoon ja maksaan. Tutkimustulos on merkittävä avaus soluväliaineen merkityksestä rasva-aineenvaihdunnalle ja kannustaa lisätutkimuksilla selvittämään, onko kollageeni XVIII:lla yhteys myös ihmisen metaboliseen oireyhtymään. Soluväliaineen komponenttien entsymaattinen muokkaus tuottaa usein molekyylejä, joilla on uusia isäntämolekyyleistä poikkeavia ominaisuuksia. Tässä työssä tutkittiin yhden tällaisen molekyylin, tyvikalvokollageenin IV hajoamistuotteen, arrestenin, suoria vaikutuksia syöpäsoluille. Arrestenin tiedettiin entuudestaan estävän syöpäkasvainten verisuonten uudismuodostusta koe-eläimillä. Työssä osoitettiin, että arresten vaikutti endoteelisolujen lisäksi myös itse syöpäsoluihin estäen niiden lisääntymistä ja vähentäen niiden elinkykyä ja liikkuvuutta, mikä tekee arrestenista entistä houkuttelevamman ehdokasmolekyylin lääkekehitystyöhön.

Abstract Transgenic mice were used to evaluate the roles of collagens XV and XVIII in retinal vessel development and to examine the roles of collagen XV and laminin α4 in peripheral nerve development and function. Also, in vitro methods were used to study the functions of recombinant, full-length human collagen XV produced in insect cells. The lack of collagen XVIII alone was found to result in overproliferation of astrocytes in the mouse retina and deficient vascularization of the retina, which was ultimately rescued by the persistent hyaloid vessels. VEGF mRNA expression was appropriately regulated in the retina of the collagen XVIII deficient mice, which also showed reduced susceptibility to oxygen-induced neovascularization. Lack of collagen XV alone had no obvious effect on the mouse eye, but an abnormal migration of astrocytes onto the persistent hyaloid vessels could be seen in mice lacking both collagens XVIII and XV. Recombinant full-length human collagen XV was seen in rotary shadowing EM as an extended protein with numerous kinks and a globular domain at its N-terminus. The mean length of the molecules was 241 nm and they had a tendency to form aggregates. Collagen XV attaches to the collagen binding region of fibronectin and to a lesser extent to vitronectin and laminin. It was rapidly bound to cultured cells with a staining pattern co-localizing with fibronectin. Collagen XV was also found to inhibit the adhesion and migration of cells in vitro. Lack of collagen XV in mice was found to result in ultrastructural abnormalities in the sciatic nerves, such as polyaxonal myelination and more loosely packed C-fibres, mild impairment of BM assembly and mild motor dysfunction with a lower sensory nerve conduction velocity. Polyaxonal myelination and a failure in the segregation of axons were evident in laminin α4 null mice, which also had diminished amounts of C-fibres, BM abnormalities, diminished myelin and a greater myelin period compared with wild-type mice. They performed poorly in the round beam test and showed diminished compound muscle action potentials. A simultaneous lack of collagen XV and laminin α4 resulted in a permanent defect in the segregation of axons and C-fibre development. The performance of the double null mice on the round beam was poor relative to the other genotypes. / Tiivistelmä Tässä väitöskirjatyössä on tutkittu kollageenien XV ja XVIII merkitystä silmän verkkokalvon verisuonituksen kehittymiselle sekä kollageeni XV:n ja laminiini α4:n merkitystä ääreishermon kehittymiselle ja toiminnalle käyttäen hyväksi muuntogeenisiä hiiriä. Lisäksi tässä työssä on käytetty in vitro –menetelmiä hyönteissoluissa yhdistelmä-DNA-tekniikalla tuotetun kollageeni XV:n toiminnan tutkimiseksi. Kollageeni XVIII:n puutteen todettiin johtavan verkkokalvon astrosyyttien määrän lisääntymiseen sekä verkkokalvon suonituksen kehittymiseen epänormaalilla tavalla lasiaissuonista, jotka eivät olleetkaan hävinneet kehityksen aikana. VEGF:n lähetti-RNA:n ilmentyminen oli asianmukaisesti säädelty eri verkkokalvon alueilla kollageeni XVIII:n suhteen poistogeenisillä hiirillä, joilla kehittyi myös vähemmän uudissuonia matalalle hapen osapaineelle altistamisen jälkeen. Kollageeni XV:n puute ei johtanut havaittaviin muutoksiin silmässä, mutta molempien kollageenien XV ja XVIII puuttuessa havaittiin silmässä epänormaalia astrosyyttien soluvaellusta lasiaissuonten päälle. Tässä väitöskirjatyössä osoitetaan, että yhdistelmä-DNA-tekniikalla tuotettu kokopitkä ihmisen kollageeni XV näytti elektronimikroskopiassa pitkältä molekyyliltä, jonka pituus oli keskimäärin 241 nm ja joka sitoutui helposti toisiin kollageeni XV -molekyyleihin. Kollageeni XV sitoutuu fibronektiinin kollageenia sitovaan osaan sekä vitronektiiniin ja laminiiniin. Viljeltyihin soluihin kollageeni XV sitoutui siten, että vasta-ainevärjäyksellä todettiin sen paikallistuvan samoille alueille fibronektiinin kanssa. Kollageeni XV:n todettiin myös vähentävän solujen kiinnittymistä ja liikkumista. Hiirissä kollageeni XV:n puutoksen todettiin johtavan iskiahermoissa polyaksonaaliseen myelinisaatioon, C-säikeiden lievään kehityshäiriöön, tyvikalvon koostumuksen häiriöön, lieviin motorisiin vaikeuksiin ja matalampaan tuntohermojen johtonopeuteen. Laminiini α4 –puutteisilla hiirillä oli todettavissa myös polyaksonaalista myelinisaatiota ja lisäksi häiriö aksonien erottelussa. Niiden hermoista löytyi myös tyvikalvon epämuodostumia, vähemmän myeliiniä ja C-säikeitä sekä suuremmat myeliinijaksot verrattuna villityypin hiiriin. Ne selviytyivät huonosti kävelytestissä ja niiden lihasten aktiopotentiaalit olivat pienemmät kuin kontrollihiirillä. Samanaikainen kollageeni XV:n ja laminiini α4:n puutos johti pysyvään aksonien erottelun ja C-säikeiden kehittymisen häiriöön. Kävelytestissä tuplapoistogeeniset hiiret selviytyivät huonoiten muihin genotyyppeihin verrattuna.

Padre Manoel Lopes de Carvalho nasceu na Bahia no final do século XVII. Foi aluno da Companhia de Jesus, ordenado sacerdote em 1707. Grande admirador do Padre Antônio Vieira, deixou a Colônia em direção ao Reino, onde apresentando-se como um 2o Profeta Jonas, escreveu um \"Memorial à Sua Majestade\" El Rey D. João V. Prognostifica uma reforma da Igreja à luz de idéias vieirianas. Encontrou no judeu-cristianismo um referencial teológico que pudesse unir a Igreja à Sinagoga. Filosemita convicto, combateu com veemência a Inquisição e a perseguição aos cristãos-novos. Após acreditar que o Messias viria do Brasil, depois de sua prisão nos cárceres do Santo Ofício da Inquisição, iniciou um processo psicológico, onde acabaria por declarar-se Messias. Por fim, combinou uma série de complexos cruzamentos teológicos, sintetizando elementos judaicos, cristãos e gnósticos. Foi condenado à morte em Lisboa como \"afirmativo, profitente da Lei de Moisés\" no Auto de Fé de 1726. / Priest Manoel Lopes de Carvalho was born in Bahia in the end of the 17th century. He was student of Jesus\' Company, ordered priest in 1707. Great admirer of Priest Antônio Vieira, he left the Colony towards the Kingdom, where presenting himself as a 2nd Prophet Jonas, he wrote a \"Memorial à Sua Majestade\" El Rey D. João V. He prognosticates a reform of the Church to the light of Priest Antônio Vieira\'s ideas. He found in the Jew-Christianity a theological referencial that could join the Church to the Synagogue. Convict philosemitic, he combatted with vehemence the Inquisition and the persecution to the newChristian. After believing that the Messiah would come from Brazil, after his prison in the jails of Saint Service of the Inquisition, he began a psychological process, where he would end for declaring himself Messiah. Finally, he combined a series of complex theological crossings, synthesizing Jewish, Christians and Gnostics elements. He was condemned to the death in Lisbon as \"affirmative, professed of the Moses\' Law\" in the Act of Faith of 1726.

O objetivo principal de nossa pesquisa é o exame da questão da representação no interior da obra política de Jean-Jaques Rousseau. Isso se fará sob três pontos distintos: Em um primeiro momento, buscaremos compreender a noção de representação no desenvolvimento das paixões, da história e das instituições. Guiados pela dicotomia existente entre ser e parecer, abarcaremos as principais características desta noção sob o ponto de vista do paradoxo entre realidade e aparência, elucidando sua significação, apontando sua gênese e compreendendo sua relação com os demais processos de expansão cultural do homem. Na segunda parte de nossa pesquisa, procuraremos compreender as relações existentes entre representação e linguagem, o efeito direto da representação na constituição das línguas, as diferenças entre a língua escrita e a língua falada e sua relação com o processo de corrupção humano. Buscaremos evidenciar o papel da linguagem no desenvolvimento moral do homem, bem como sua inseparabilidade do aprofundamento das paixões humanas e do desenvolvimento de suas instituições. Finalmente, nos aprofundaremos nas relações existentes entre representação e política propriamente dita, salientando o efeito nefasto que a representação possui neste âmbito. Nossas preocupações aqui limitam-se a compreender a denúncia feita por nosso autor à teatralização do poder, compreender o caráter de ilegitimidade da representação no interior do corpo político, a partir da doutrina do contrato social, sobretudo a concepção de vontade geral. / The main purpose of our research is the examination of the matter of representation in the depth of the Jean-Jaques Russeau s work. It will be taken under three different points: At first time we will try to comprehend the notion of representation upon the development of passions, history and institutions. Guided by the dichotomy that is between be and realize, we will forestall to the main characteristics of this notion under the point of view of paradox between reality and appearance, elucidating its meaning, pointing out its genesis and understanding its relation to other process of mans culture expansion. In the second part of our research, we will try to understand the relation between representation and language, the direct effect of representation on the constitution of languages, the discrepancies between spoken language and written language and its relation to the humans corruption process. We will try to highlight the purpose of language in the mans moral development such as its indivisibility from deepness of humans passions and the development of its institutions. Finally, we will go deeper to the relation presented between representation and polity as itself, pointing out the disgraceful that the representation has in this ambit. Our preoccupation here covers the comprehension of the deletion done by our author toward the theatricalization of the power, understand the character of illegitimacy of the representation in the interior of the politic body from the doctrines of the social contract, overall the conception of the general will.

O presente trabalho consiste em uma tradução comentada do Essay on the dramatic character of Sir John Falstaff, de Maurice Morgann, e em um ensaio introdutório. Apesar de não ser um dos grandes nomes da crítica literária inglesa do século XVIII, Morgann é sempre lembrado por ser um crítico inteligente e, seu ensaio, um dos mais interessantes de sua época. A tradução, acompanhada de notas e inédita no português, é precedida por um ensaio no qual, após a apresentação e contextualização do autor, discute-se alguns dos aspectos centrais da obra, explorando o universo conceitual do ensaio em especial as ideias de character, wit e humour , tendo em vista a história da crítica shakespeariana na Inglaterra. / The work consists of an annotated translation of Maurice Morganns Essay on the dramatic character of Sir John Falstaff and an introductory essay. Although Morgann is not seen as one of the greatest names in the history of eighteenth-century English literary criticism, he is always remembered by his intelligence and his essay is considered by many as one of the most interesting ones of his time. The annotated translation is preceded by an essay in which the author is presented and contextualised, prior to an investigation of some central aspects of Morganns work, such as the ideas of character, wit and humour, bearing in mind the history of Shakespearean criticism in England.

O objetivo desta tese é um estudo comparativo dos romances Fanny Hill, or Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure (1748-1749), do inglês John Cleland, e Margot La Ravaudeuse (1750), do francês Jean-Charles Fougeret de Monbron. Os dois romances fazem parte do conjunto de narrativas eróticas libertinas que inundaram o emergente mercado livreiro europeu durante o Iluminismo e contam as memórias de duas jovens prostitutas respectivamente em Londres e Paris em meados do século. Partindo do pressuposto segundo o qual as duas narrativas se organizam num contínuo que oscila entre a sociabilidade e a individualidade, o objetivo desta análise comparativa é compreender como estes dois temas, fundamentais na experiência setecentista e no processo de formação do romance moderno, são formalizados nas memórias de Margot e Fanny Hill através de procedimentos estruturais recorrentes na literatura da libertinagem. / The aim of this dissertation is a comparative study of the novels Fanny Hill, or Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure (1748-1749), by John Cleland, and Margot la Ravaudeuse (1750), by Jean-Charles Fougeret de Monbron. Both novels are part of the body of erotic libertine narratives that flooded the emerging European book market during the Enlightenment and tell the memoirs of two young prostitutes respectively in London and Paris during the mid-18th-century. Assuming that the two narratives are organized according to a continuum which oscillates between sociability and individuality, the objective of this comparative analysis is to understand how these fundamental themes in 18th-century life as well as in the rise of the modern novel are formalized in the memoirs of Margot and Fanny through reccurring structural procedures found in libertine literature.