p. 1-136 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-03-06T17:26:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 222.pdf: 997405 bytes, checksum: cdc07eae0b3761b0efe49713456044a1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lima(tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2013-03-14T18:28:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 222.pdf: 997405 bytes, checksum: cdc07eae0b3761b0efe49713456044a1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-03-14T18:28:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 222.pdf: 997405 bytes, checksum: cdc07eae0b3761b0efe49713456044a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / O objetivo desse estudo de caso é analisar a relação entre os diversos elementos da estratégia da Xerox do Brasil e o crescimento da participação de mercado dos fornecedores paralelos de insumos xerográficos. Os fabricantes originais investem parte considerável do seu faturamento em pesquisas para desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias e produtos, que são rapidamente reproduzidos, através de engenharia reversa, ou simplesmente copiados e lançados no mercado com uma estratégia agressiva de preços baixos, refletindo seu menor custo de desenvolvimento. A receita continuada com a venda de insumos, para as suas impressoras instaladas no campo, é considerado pelos fabricantes originais como remuneração aos investimentos feitos em pesquisa e desenvolvimento e como combustível para novas pesquisas. O estudo de caso foi realizado através de análise documental e entrevistas semi-dirigidas. Inicialmente, foi realizada uma pesquisa sobre o histórico, modus operandi e tendências do Aftermarket (mercado paralelo). Em seguida, foi utilizado o modelo de Michael Porter para análise estrutural da indústria de insumos xerográficos e os princípios de vantagem competitiva, principalmente a vantagem em custo, diferenciação, substituição e tecnologia, associados à cadeia de valor, para caracterização e comparação das estratégias dos diversos players. A pesquisa indicou que a flexibilidade, a responsividade, a proximidade ao cliente e a estratégia de baixo custo têm sido os propulsores do crescimento da participação de mercado das empresas do Aftermarket. / Salvador

The objective of this thesis is to better understand the impact of paper and printer types on xerographic print quality. To achieve this objective, commercially printed samples comprising of ten different paper substrates printed using three different xerographic printers were examined. The print quality of these samples was assessed in terms of print microgloss and its nonuniformity, print density, print and gloss mottle, print roughness, and visual ranking. This study showed that print mottle conducted by Fast Fourier Transform produced the best correlation with visual ranking at the size range of 0.1 - 1mm, while print gloss mottle was found to affect print quality regardless of the mottle size. Brightness, opacity, basis weight, gloss 75, and roughness of these paper substrates were found to have the most significant effect on print quality. All of the optical properties of paper included in this analysis showed a strong correlation to print quality.

The objective of this thesis is to better understand the impact of paper and printer types on xerographic print quality. To achieve this objective, commercially printed samples comprising of ten different paper substrates printed using three different xerographic printers were examined. The print quality of these samples was assessed in terms of print microgloss and its nonuniformity, print density, print and gloss mottle, print roughness, and visual ranking. This study showed that print mottle conducted by Fast Fourier Transform produced the best correlation with visual ranking at the size range of 0.1 - 1mm, while print gloss mottle was found to affect print quality regardless of the mottle size. Brightness, opacity, basis weight, gloss 75, and roughness of these paper substrates were found to have the most significant effect on print quality. All of the optical properties of paper included in this analysis showed a strong correlation to print quality.

The effects of coating formulation on thermal characteristics of coating layers were systematically studied for xerographic toner fusion on coated papers. Model coatings were formulated using three types of ground calcium carbonate and one kaolin pigments, each mixed with 6, 10, 18, and 25 pph of styrene butadiene latex binder. Porosity was found to be a key parameter for coating thermal conductivity adjustment, and was determined by the latex concentration. The particle size distribution and morphology of pigments also affect the overall thermal characteristics of coating layers. Print qualities on model coated papers were evaluated by print gloss measurement, toner adhesion test, and pair-wise visual ranking, and it was proved that print gloss is reduced with increasing bulk thermal conductivity of coating layers. The coating layer consisted of Covercarb HP pigment and 10 pph of latex was found to have the best performance in the three print quality evaluation tests.

The effects of coating formulation on thermal characteristics of coating layers were systematically studied for xerographic toner fusion on coated papers. Model coatings were formulated using three types of ground calcium carbonate and one kaolin pigments, each mixed with 6, 10, 18, and 25 pph of styrene butadiene latex binder. Porosity was found to be a key parameter for coating thermal conductivity adjustment, and was determined by the latex concentration. The particle size distribution and morphology of pigments also affect the overall thermal characteristics of coating layers. Print qualities on model coated papers were evaluated by print gloss measurement, toner adhesion test, and pair-wise visual ranking, and it was proved that print gloss is reduced with increasing bulk thermal conductivity of coating layers. The coating layer consisted of Covercarb HP pigment and 10 pph of latex was found to have the best performance in the three print quality evaluation tests.

No description available.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Toner analysis has become an area of increased interest due to the wide availability of laser printers and photocopiers. Toner is most often encountered on paper in questioned document analysis. Because of this, it is important to develop methods that limit the interference of paper without damaging or destroying the document. Previous research using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has differentiated toners based on their polymer resin components. However, Raman spectroscopy and chemometric analysis are not typically used for the examination of this material. Raman spectroscopy is a popular tool for the chemical analysis of pigmented samples and was used to characterize cyan, yellow, and magenta toners. Analyses were performed using a dispersive micro-Raman spectrometer equipped with a 785nm diode laser, a CCD detector, and an objective at 20X magnification. One hundred samples of each color toner were collected. Three different and separate methods were developed for cyan, yellow, and magenta toners on paper to optimize results. Further analysis of the magenta toners was excluded due to a weak signal and significant paper interference. The data collected from the analyses of the blue and yellow toners was then processed using a combination of statistical procedures, including principal component analysis (PCA), agglomerative hierarchal clustering (AHC), and discriminative analysis (DA). Ninety-six blue toners were analyzed by PCA and three classes of spectra were suggested. Discriminant analysis showed that the three classes were well-differentiated with a cross-validation accuracy of 100% for the training set and 100% cross-validation accuracy for the external validation set. Eighty-eight yellow toners were analyzed by AHC and four classes of spectra were suggested. Discriminant analysis showed good differentiation between the classes with a cross-validation accuracy of 95.45% for the training set, but showed poor differentiation for the external validation set with a cross-validation accuracy of 72%. While these toners were able to be discriminated, no correlation could be made between the manufacturer, printer make and model, and the toner sample.