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Several developing countries introduced family planning programs to reduce their population growth rates. The rapid spread of birth control programs in the developing countries was at times accompanied by measures which violated human rights. In response to the ethical violations and coercive policies on population control, toward the end of 1980s various international committees formulated a reproductive health approach to overcome the limited population control approach. Unlike other population control programs, the focus of reproductive health program is on “reproductive process,” where as the most immediate focus of family planning programs is on fertility. Although studies refer to reproductive health approach as an extension of fertility control approach, literature on reproductive health provides very few systematic approaches toward developing explanations of reproductive health. The current approaches on population control are influenced by the ideological shift towards a broad-based approach which involves fertility or family size as one of the components of reproductive health. The present study uses intermediate variables framework suggested by Davis and Blake to organize reproductive health explanations. The proposed framework suggests that the state of reproductive health is indicated by intercourse, conception, and gestation variables and assumes that reproductive health is a latent dimensional outcome indicated by the measures of the intermediate variables. Also, there is noticeable lack of studies on reproductive health in Muslim countries. Given this shortcoming in the literature on reproductive health, the proposed model on reproductive health is used to assess the reproductive health of women in Yemen. The data are from the Yemen Demographic and Maternal and Child Health Survey (YDMCHS) conducted in 1997. Structural equation analysis is used to analyze the data. It is found that gender power or women's empowerment is more influential than economic status in determining reproductive health outcomes. The results of the study provide support for the proposed model. Implications for social policy making are discussed.

Most of the feed required for poultry production in the Republic of Yemen is imported from Europe. Sometimes, feed shipments arrive later due to lack of hard currencies to pay for the feed or to pay the freight charges. Yemeni broiler producers in such cases feed their birds a single feed ingredient or a mixture of ingredients until feed arrives. Five experiments were conducted to simulate feed shortage situations. As a single ingredient, barley is the grain of choice in case of feed shortages. When broilers were switched to corn-soy after the single ingredient diets, the compensatory growth was correlated with the severity of reduced growth. Feeding diets with a mixture of faba beans + sorghum grain with or without 7% herring meal for 21 and 49 days, respectively, reduced significantly (P<.05) mean body weight, total feed consumed, feed efficiency and apparent protein efficiency ratio. Feeding wheat bran at 10-15% with adjustment for protein and energy from day-old to 49 days of age resulted in significantly (P<.05) improved mean body weights compared to the control broilers. Increasing wheat bran levels further gradually reduced body weight and feed consumption. Abdominal fat increased significantly (P<.05) when wheat bran inclusion exceeded 20 percent. Cellulase supplementation did not show any significant interaction with wheat bran in all the measured parameters. Supplementing protease to wheat bran diets significantly (P<.05) reduced mean body weight, feed consumption and the feed conversion in broilers. These dramatic effects were proportionally ameliorated by increasing the levels of wheat bran. / Graduation date: 1991

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of London. / Includes bibliographical references.

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The subject of this thesis is Humaini Poetry in S. Arabia - a style of prosody which evolved from the pre-Islamic rudimentary tasmit, and after a long struggle reached its destined goal of symmetrically-placed rhymes running throughout the whole poem. Specifically, the term humaini is applicable to the muwashshah style, that is, to any poem structurally divided into abyat (strophes) or fusul (sections), bound together by a master-rhyme which closes every bait, or fasl. The term, however, is sometimes used in an extended sense, and came to embrace the form rhyming ab ab ab, etc. The chief attraction of humaini lies in its formal excellence; and in nothing is this more apparent than in the use of rhyme. Elaborate systems of rhyme schemes have been used, and tazfir (which is the breaking of a line into three or four, and possibly more, short rhyming verse-sections) is sometimes practised. Of all the rhyme patterns that were manipulated by the S. Arabians, only two were widely appropriated. The first rhymes aaaa bbba, etc.; and the second, abababab cdcdcdab, etc. - both of which were transposed into the regular alternation bait-tawshih-taqfil. Taken together, these three forms compose the corpus of humaini. Humaini is essentially a style of poetry designed for singing. It is distinctively lyrical in character, and delights one's aesthetic sensibility mainly by its music - by skilfully devised rhyme arrangements, by well-chosen, though contracted, selection of diction, by metrical formulas of great variety, and by the spontaneous (or intentionally reserved) use of lahn. The lahn in humaini is mainly restricted to the omission of vowel-case-signs and using a sukun instead, and/or to the savouring of the poem with colloquial words and expressions. This kind of lahn is so characteristic of humaini that it came to he known as "tariqat muwashshah ahl al-Yaman" and "tariqat al-humaini al-Yamani.".

This work concentrates on Yemen, a developing country which also belongs to the list of the least developed countries of the world. This diploma work describes the situation in Yemen in the beginning of 21st century. With the help of presentation of general problems of the developing countries and instruments that solve these problems, together with the presentation of the current situation in Yemen, suggestion for improvement in the surveyed country are made.

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The process of becoming a teacher is an area of a great deal of research. Different researchers have focused on different parts of the process. This study examines the concerns and their development for a group of Yemeni student-teachers as they become science teachers. After discussing the context of teacher training in the Yemen Arab Republic, the different arguments put forward by researchers who investigated the process of becoming a teacher, were examined. The field work was conducted in the Yemen between March 1983 and January 1985. Two different interview schedules with open-ended questions were used: one was general and the focus of the another was teaching-a-lesson. The former was conducted at three different occasions: during the second term of the third year i.e. before teaching practice, during the second term of the fourth year i.e. after teaching practice, and during the first few months of the first year of teaching. The latter was conducted during teaching practice and during the first few months of the first year of teaching. Both interviews were conducted for thirty-one Yemeni student-teachers at Sana'a University as they become science teachers. A further interview was conducted for the Faculty of Education staff to know their reactions to their students' views of their training. The concerns' development of the group and some individuals was followed, and the relationship of the findings of this research to the different theoretical arguments was considered. The research shows the stability and change of student teachers' concerns as they become science teachers in the Yemen. In examining this phenomenon the research points out the importance of: the kind of concern investigated, when they are investigated, and the situational and the personal factors which all have bearing on the process of concerns' development during the process of becoming a teacher.

The educational system in the Yemen Arab Republic (YAR) is in desperate need of reform to accommodate recent changes in the structure of the economy and society of the YAR. At present, there is only one university, the University of Sana'a, within the country. In this study, the organization of a system of local community colleges is considered. In response to the problem of how these systems should be structured, organizational alternatives developed within the American community college movement are considered to the degree that the American experience may be applied to the problem of educational reform in the YAR. Examples given particular consideration include the structure of community college organizations in the states of Connecticut, Florida, Oklahoma, Illinois, Pennsylvania, and New York. It is determined that the best model for application to the situation in the YAR would be a system in which authority is shared between the central government Ministry of Higher Education and the governors of each local governance, the level of authority immediately beneath the national level in the governing structure of the YAR. The implementation of such a community college model in each governance would be structured in terms of local needs and directly administered through a board of trustees. This progressive step would serve to introduce a new era in education in the YAR. More students would be encouraged to enroll in institutions of higher education since they could attend a postsecondary institution for an additional two years while remaining in their local communities. In addition, the organization of institutions of higher education at the local level would clearly be of benefit to local citizens and their communities. The implementation of a community college movement, and in particular special systems for tutoring and counseling students in a psychologically healthy atmosphere, will serve as a positive contribution to all generations of the population of the Yemen Arab Republic. / Graduation date: 1991