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he influence of two levels of yeast cell wall on phase one laying hen performance was investigated in this study. A total of 75 Lohmann W-36 replacement pullets, 17-weeks-old, were distributed among 75 laying hen cages (1 bird per pen). A total of 3 treatments were sequentially assigned to pens and each treatment had 25 replicates. Feeds were prepared according to the management guide for those birds and a single basal diet was divided into three treatments. First was the control basal diet only with no feed additives. The second was the basal diet supplemented with 250 ppm of yeast cell wall (YCW 250) and the third treatment was the basal diet supplemented with 500 ppm of yeast cell wall (YCW 500). Individual birds per cage served as the experimental unit for this study. Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Data were collected when birds were 21 weeks old and hen day egg production was > 90%. Treatment YCW 250 resulted in significantly higher egg weight than the control and YCW 500 treatment in the first and second production period and was higher than YCW 500 in the third and fourth production period. Feed consumed per dozen eggs was significantly lower in treatment YCW 500 versus treatment YCW 250, but not significantly lower than the control for the first production period and all treatments were not different from each other for the rest of the study. Average feed consumed per bird per day, and monthly cumulative egg production was not different between treatments. Period feed conversion ratios were lower for the second and fourth period (P = 0.15 and 0.18 respectively). There was no treatment effect on interior egg quality except for yolk color for the YCW 500 treatment in the fourth period which had significantly higher Roche color scores than the YCW 250 treatment. Specific gravity, egg shell thickness, egg shell weight, and percent shell weight were significantly higher in hens fed YCW 500 versus YCW 250. Egg shell breaking force was significantly higher in hens fed YCW 250 versus the control group. Overall, feeding a diet supplemented with yeast cell wall improved laying hen performance and 250 ppm YCW had the most significant influences, particularly with respect to increasing egg weight in early production laying hens.

Mielių (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) taikymas biologiniuose jutikliuose ar biokatalizėje ribojamas jų ląstelės sienelės struktūros, kuri apsunkina reikiamų medžiagų transportą. Todėl darbo tikslas – ištirti mielių ląstelių mechaninių savybių ir plazminės membranos bei sienelės pralaidumo pakitimus, veikiant mielių ląsteles cheminėmis medžiagomis bei mikro- ir nanosekundžių trukmės didelės galios impulsais naudojant atominių jėgų mikroskopą bei tetrafenilfosfonio katijonų elektrocheminę analizę. Nustatyta, kad ditiotreitolis (DTT) keisdamas mielių sienelių pralaidumą, pakeičia mielių ląstelių mechanines savybes. Esant didelėms deformacijoms mielių ląstelių tamprumo modulis (Young‘o) padidėjo nuo 1,00 ± 0,04 MPa nepaveiktoms iki 2,14 ± 0,1 MPa DTT paveiktoms mielėms. Tiriant impulsinio elektrinio lauko (IEL) poveikį mielių sienelės pralaidumui, impulso trukmių nuo mikrosekundžių iki nanosekundžių diapazone stebima tiesinė TPP+ absorbcijos greičio priklausomybė nuo impulso energijos. Nustatyta, kad veikiat mieles 60 ns trukmės impulsais ląstelių pralaidumas TPP+ molekulėms, nepažeidžiant mielų gyvybingumo, padidėjo iki 65 kartų lyginant su nepaveiktomis elektriniu lauku mielių ląstelėmis, t.y. 3,5 karto daugiau negu mieles paveikus 150 μs impulsais. Tyrimų rezultatai rodo, kad IEL galima didinti visos ląstelės biologinių jutiklių spartą ir atrankumą. / The application of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in the biosensors or in the biocatalysis is limited due to the structure of their cell walls, which complicates the transport of necessary materials. The aim of this work was to investigate the mechanical properties of the yeast cells and the changes of permeability of cell plasma membrane and cell wall, after the impact of chemical compounds on the cell wall permeability and after their exposure of pulsed electric field (PEF) in the range from microsecond till nanosecond pulse duration. For analysis the atomic force microscopy and the electrochemical detection of tetraphenylphosphonium ions were used. Dithiothreitol (DTT) modifies the yeast cell wall permeability changing the mechanical properties of the cells and for high indentations Young modulus increasing from 1.00 ± 0.04 MPa for intact cells to 2.14 ± 0.1 MPa for DTT treated ones. The linear relation between TPP+ absorption rate and pulse energy was determined after investigations of PEF effect to the yeast cell permeability in the range of pulse duration from microseconds to nanoseconds. The obtained 65 time increase of yeast cell wall permeability to TPP+ molecules after the exposure of 60 ns PEF, which does not affect the cell viability, comparing with the intact yeast cells. Such permeability increment was 3.5 times higher in comparison to the yeast cells exposure to 150 µs duration PEF. The finding can be useful for the enhancement of selectivity and response of... [to full text]

The application of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in the biosensors or in the biocatalysis is limited due to the structure of their cell walls, which complicates the transport of necessary materials. The aim of this work was to investigate the mechanical properties of the yeast cells and the changes of permeability of cell plasma membrane and cell wall, after the impact of chemical compounds on the cell wall permeability and after their exposure of pulsed electric field (PEF) in the range from microsecond till nanosecond pulse duration. For analysis the atomic force microscopy and the electrochemical detection of tetraphenylphosphonium ions were used. Dithiothreitol (DTT) modifies the yeast cell wall permeability changing the mechanical properties of the cells and for high indentations Young modulus increasing from 1.00 ± 0.04 MPa for intact cells to 2.14 ± 0.1 MPa for DTT treated ones. The linear relation between TPP+ absorption rate and pulse energy was determined after investigations of PEF effect to the yeast cell permeability in the range of pulse duration from microseconds to nanoseconds. The obtained 65 time increase of yeast cell wall permeability to TPP+ molecules after the exposure of 60 ns PEF, which does not affect the cell viability, comparing with the intact yeast cells. Such permeability increment was 3.5 times higher in comparison to the yeast cells exposure to 150 µs duration PEF. The finding can be useful for the enhancement of selectivity and response of... [to full text] / Mielių (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) taikymas biologiniuose jutikliuose ar biokatalizėje ribojamas jų ląstelės sienelės struktūros, kuri apsunkina reikiamų medžiagų transportą. Todėl darbo tikslas – ištirti mielių ląstelių mechaninių savybių ir plazminės membranos bei sienelės pralaidumo pakitimus, veikiant mielių ląsteles cheminėmis medžiagomis bei mikro- ir nanosekundžių trukmės didelės galios impulsais naudojant atominių jėgų mikroskopą bei tetrafenilfosfonio katijonų elektrocheminę analizę. Nustatyta, kad ditiotreitolis (DTT) keisdamas mielių sienelių pralaidumą, pakeičia mielių ląstelių mechanines savybes. Esant didelėms deformacijoms mielių ląstelių tamprumo modulis (Young‘o) padidėjo nuo 1,00 ± 0,04 MPa nepaveiktoms iki 2,14 ± 0,1 MPa DTT paveiktoms mielėms. Tiriant impulsinio elektrinio lauko (IEL) poveikį mielių sienelės pralaidumui, impulso trukmių nuo mikrosekundžių iki nanosekundžių diapazone stebima tiesinė TPP+ absorbcijos greičio priklausomybė nuo impulso energijos. Nustatyta, kad veikiat mieles 60 ns trukmės impulsais ląstelių pralaidumas TPP+ molekulėms, nepažeidžiant mielų gyvybingumo, padidėjo iki 65 kartų lyginant su nepaveiktomis elektriniu lauku mielių ląstelėmis, t.y. 3,5 karto daugiau negu mieles paveikus 150 μs impulsais. Tyrimų rezultatai rodo, kad IEL galima didinti visos ląstelės biologinių jutiklių spartą ir atrankumą.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:40:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sakabe_r_dr_jabo.pdf: 1962870 bytes, checksum: cd990c2bf904dcaef626cdef3948aa0c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Este ensaio teve como objetivo avaliar a suplementação alimentar com dois óleos vegetais (soja e linhaça) e parede celular de Saccharomyces cerevisiae em tilápias do Nilo sobre o desempenho produtivo, inflamação aguda induzida por Streptococcus agalactiae inativado, inflamação crônica por corpo estranho por meio do implante de lamínulas de vidro no tecido subcutâneo e a taxa de sobrevivência frente ao desafio com S. agalactiae. Foram utilizadas 840 tilápias, invertidas sexualmente, distribuídas em 24 caixas de 500L (n=35). O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com oito tratamentos e três repetições, no qual foram testadas duas fontes de ácidos graxos essenciais (óleo de soja (OS) e óleo de linhaça (OL)) e dois níveis de parede celular de S. cerevisiae (PC) na dieta (0,0 e 0,3%) constituindo os seguintes tratamentos: OS; OL; OS+OL; OS+PC; OL+PC; OS+OL+PC; PC e controle. Os peixes receberam as rações teste durante três meses, duas vezes ao dia, ad libitum. Um lote de peixes foi avaliado quanto ao acúmulo de células na inflamação induzida por S. agalactiae inativado, na bexiga natatória após 12, 24 e 48 horas. O segundo lote de peixes foi submetido ao implante de lamínulas de vidro no tecido subcutâneo por dois, quatro, seis e oito dias, quando foram colhidas e avaliadas quanto ao acúmulo de macrófagos e formação de gigantócitos. Dentre os parâmetros hematológicos foi realizado eritrograma completo (contagem de células vermelhas, percentual de hematócrito e taxa de hemoglobina). Além disso, foi avaliada a atividade respiratória de leucócitos sanguíneos. No terceiro lote de peixes, foram avaliados os parâmetros de desempenho produtivo e a sobrevivência frente ao desafio bacteriano com S. agalactiae. No estudo da inflamação aguda constatou-se o efeito da suplementação alimentar com os óleos vegetais (soja e/ou linhaça)... / This test was designed to evaluate dietary supplementation with two vegetable oils (soybean and linseed) and cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Nile tilapia growth performance, acute inflammation induced by Streptococcus agalactiae inactivated, chronic inflammation of foreign body through implantation of glass coverslips into the subcutaneous tissue and survival upon challenge with S. agalactiae. 840 tilapia, sexually inverted, were distributed into 24 aquarium of 500L (n = 35). The design was completely randomized with eight treatments and three replicates which two sources of essential fatty acids (soybean oil (SO) and linseed oil (LO)) and two levels of the cell wall of S. cerevisiae (PC) in diet (0.0 and 0.3%), and tested to the following treatments: OS, OL, OL + OS, OS + PC, PC + OL; OS + OL + PC, PC and control. The fish were fed with diets for three months, twice daily, ad libitum. In one group of fish the accumulation of cells in the inflammation induced by S. agalactiae inactivated in bladder after 12, 24 and 48 hours were evaluated. The second group of fish was subjected to implantation of glass coverslips into the subcutaneous tissue by two, four, six and eight days when they were harvested and evaluated for macrophage accumulation and formation of giant cell. Among the hematological parameters the complete erythrocyte (red blood cell count, percentage of hematocrit and hemoglobin) was performed. Furthermore, the respiratory activity of blood leukocytes was evaluated. The third group of fish, the productive performance parameters and survival to the bacterial challenge with S. agalactiae was evaluated. In the study of acute inflammation was found the effect of dietary supplementation with vegetable oils (soybean and / or linseed), as well as the yeast cell wall increased accumulation of total cells in the exudate of the swim bladder... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Resumo: Este ensaio teve como objetivo avaliar a suplementação alimentar com dois óleos vegetais (soja e linhaça) e parede celular de Saccharomyces cerevisiae em tilápias do Nilo sobre o desempenho produtivo, inflamação aguda induzida por Streptococcus agalactiae inativado, inflamação crônica por corpo estranho por meio do implante de lamínulas de vidro no tecido subcutâneo e a taxa de sobrevivência frente ao desafio com S. agalactiae. Foram utilizadas 840 tilápias, invertidas sexualmente, distribuídas em 24 caixas de 500L (n=35). O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com oito tratamentos e três repetições, no qual foram testadas duas fontes de ácidos graxos essenciais (óleo de soja (OS) e óleo de linhaça (OL)) e dois níveis de parede celular de S. cerevisiae (PC) na dieta (0,0 e 0,3%) constituindo os seguintes tratamentos: OS; OL; OS+OL; OS+PC; OL+PC; OS+OL+PC; PC e controle. Os peixes receberam as rações teste durante três meses, duas vezes ao dia, ad libitum. Um lote de peixes foi avaliado quanto ao acúmulo de células na inflamação induzida por S. agalactiae inativado, na bexiga natatória após 12, 24 e 48 horas. O segundo lote de peixes foi submetido ao implante de lamínulas de vidro no tecido subcutâneo por dois, quatro, seis e oito dias, quando foram colhidas e avaliadas quanto ao acúmulo de macrófagos e formação de gigantócitos. Dentre os parâmetros hematológicos foi realizado eritrograma completo (contagem de células vermelhas, percentual de hematócrito e taxa de hemoglobina). Além disso, foi avaliada a atividade respiratória de leucócitos sanguíneos. No terceiro lote de peixes, foram avaliados os parâmetros de desempenho produtivo e a sobrevivência frente ao desafio bacteriano com S. agalactiae. No estudo da inflamação aguda constatou-se o efeito da suplementação alimentar com os óleos vegetais (soja e/ou linhaça) ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This test was designed to evaluate dietary supplementation with two vegetable oils (soybean and linseed) and cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Nile tilapia growth performance, acute inflammation induced by Streptococcus agalactiae inactivated, chronic inflammation of foreign body through implantation of glass coverslips into the subcutaneous tissue and survival upon challenge with S. agalactiae. 840 tilapia, sexually inverted, were distributed into 24 aquarium of 500L (n = 35). The design was completely randomized with eight treatments and three replicates which two sources of essential fatty acids (soybean oil (SO) and linseed oil (LO)) and two levels of the cell wall of S. cerevisiae (PC) in diet (0.0 and 0.3%), and tested to the following treatments: OS, OL, OL + OS, OS + PC, PC + OL; OS + OL + PC, PC and control. The fish were fed with diets for three months, twice daily, ad libitum. In one group of fish the accumulation of cells in the inflammation induced by S. agalactiae inactivated in bladder after 12, 24 and 48 hours were evaluated. The second group of fish was subjected to implantation of glass coverslips into the subcutaneous tissue by two, four, six and eight days when they were harvested and evaluated for macrophage accumulation and formation of giant cell. Among the hematological parameters the complete erythrocyte (red blood cell count, percentage of hematocrit and hemoglobin) was performed. Furthermore, the respiratory activity of blood leukocytes was evaluated. The third group of fish, the productive performance parameters and survival to the bacterial challenge with S. agalactiae was evaluated. In the study of acute inflammation was found the effect of dietary supplementation with vegetable oils (soybean and / or linseed), as well as the yeast cell wall increased accumulation of total cells in the exudate of the swim bladder... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Flávio Ruas de Moraes / Coorientador: Fabiana Pilarski / Banca: Ana Lúcia Salaro / Banca: Áureo Evangelista Santana / Banca: Marco Antônio de Andrade Belo / Banca: Margarida Maria Barros / Doutor