I dagens samhälle har sociala medier stort inflytande på människor. Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur unga kvinnor upplever att deras mentala hälsa påverkas till följd av användning av sociala medier. Tio semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med unga kvinnor mellan 20–35 år som är aktiva på Facebook och Instagram. Analysen visade på två centrala teman: positiva mentala effekter och negativa mentala effekter med subteman ökad stressnivå och beroendeframkallande. Deltagarna upplever att deras psykiska hälsa påverkas både positivt och negativt. Dock visar resultatet att det var övervägande negativt. Vilket är i linje med tidigare studier. Författarna resonerar att social gemenskap vid användning av sociala medier var en gemensam positiv faktor för deltagarna, medan minskad självkänsla var en gemensam negativ faktor. Vi kommer att diskutera resultat i enlighet med den sociokulturella teorin, då det diskuterades att sociala medier har en viktig roll gällande hur de påverkar unga kvinnors mentala hälsa utifrån samtida kultur.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

The early adult years are critical as they provide the final window of opportunity to maximize peak bone mass and help prevent osteoporosis later in life. Dietary habits of young women are often molded by social pressures to be thin. Negative implications for cognitive eating restraint (CER) on bone health have been shown, but direct evidence to support such contentions is limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to further investigate the relationships between CER and bone health in young women. Women aged 18 to 25 years with normal body mass index and limited physical activity participated in this study. Body composition and anthropometric variables, dietary intake, endocrine factors, biomarkers of bone turnover, and measurements of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) were examined cross-sectionally in women with high (n = 31) and low (n = 34) CER scores. High CER participants possessed more fat mass (FM) (p < 0.05) and percent body fat (BF%) (p = 0.01) and consumed a greater number of servings of fruits and vegetables (p < 0.05) per day than the CER participants. No differences in biochemical measurements, BMC or BMD were found between groups. Using similar methods, a study was conducted to compare high (n = 27) and low (n = 26) CER groups at baseline and after 6-months. At baseline, the high CER group possessed significantly higher FM (p < 0.05) and BF% (p = 0.01) and lower biochemical markers of bone formation (p < 0.05) than the low CER group; no other group differences were apparent at baseline. Using repeated measures ANOVA, a significant Group x Time interaction was identified for salivary cortisol concentrations (p < 0.05). Mean salivary cortisol concentrations were significantly lower at 6-months versus baseline in the high CER group (p < 0.05) but did not differ between time points in the low CER group. No other significant Group x Time interactions were found. Overall, despite finding a lower serum osteocalcin concentration in the high CER group at baseline, evidence of compromised BMC or BMD between women with high versus low CER scores over 6 months was not found. / Ph. D.

Young women’s sexual attitudes, experiences, and sense of self develop within multiple social contexts, including the schools in which they spend so much of their time, their romantic and sexual relationships, and a larger normative climate of expectations and beliefs about sexuality. Girls may struggle to develop a healthy view of their sexuality in the face of prevailing sexual beliefs that in many ways deny girls’ sexual desire and define female sexuality as passive and vulnerable. Despite these negative messages, however, many girls do develop positive attitudes about their sexuality, feeling entitled to sexual pleasure and safety. This study explores how young women develop this sense of sexual agency during adolescence and the transition to adulthood. Using longitudinal data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, I place adolescent sexual development in a social context, by considering the role of schools and early sexual relationships in young women’s developing sexual agency. Additionally, I consider the consequences of girls’ sexual attitudes and first sexual experiences not only for their sexual health but for their later sexual relationships as well. Finally, I consider how young women’s experience of sexual agency may be connected to another manifestation of gender inequality in relationships - housework. Findings suggest that girls’ attitudes toward sex and contraception are related to their sexual relationships in adulthood: girls who see sex as having negative consequences - either for their social relationships, their sense of self, or their future - are less likely to experience sexual agency in their adult relationships. Results also suggest that schools may play contradictory roles in girls’ sexual empowerment, as girls who do well in school were more confident about their ability to use contraception but were also more likely to associate sex with guilt and shame. Additionally, schools provide a peer context for the development of sexual attitudes. Finally, results suggest that explanations for gender inequality in housework are less relevant for sexual behavior, though women and men who are committed to equality in their relationships are likely to be more egalitarian in both housework and sex. / text

In this study the sex-role identities of 280 female students at Stellenbosch University were compared with regards to attributional style and self-esteem. Three self report questionnaires were used to measure the variables: The Bem Sex-Role Inventory, the Attributional Style Questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The results showed that the androgynous sex-role identity group had a significantly more optimistic attributional style and a higher degree of self-esteem than the feminine and undifferentiated groups. The results also showed a significant positive correlation between general attributional style and self-esteem. A pessimistic attributional style and a lower degree of self-esteem have been associated with a wide variety of psychological problems in research literature. The results of this study provide support for the theory that an androgynous sex-role identity might be significantly better than a feminine sex-role identity for the psychological health of women. The researcher suggests that the effects of traditional sex-role socialization on the psychological well-being of women should be considered in the planning of prevention and empowerment programs.

Bakgrund: Majoriteten av de som drabbas av inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom är kvinnor. Att drabbas vid ung ålder kan öka problematiken. Det finns luckor i forskningen om de psykosociala faktorernas inverkan. Kronisk sjukdom skapar ofta lidande och för att kunna hantera det på ett värdigt sätt krävs kunskap och förståelse. Patienternas erfarenheter om sin sjukdom genererar en bättre inblick och ökad förståelse för sjuksköterskan. Kunskapen hjälper sjuksköterskor att erbjuda god vård för att patienten ska kunna uppleva en så bra livskvalité som möjligt. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att belysa unga kvinnors erfarenheter av att leva med en kronisk inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom. Metod: Datamaterialet analyserade med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Data samlades genom 10 bloggar. Resultat: Ur analysen framträdde fyra kategorier: Vardagen begränsas, Lära sig leva med sjukdom, Kosten styr, Nöjda trots en bristande sjukhusorganisation och åtta underkategorier. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskans ökade kunskap och förståelse kring unga kvinnors erfarenheter av att leva med inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom är av stor vikt för att kunna erbjuda en god och individanpassad omvårdnad. Sjuksköterskans förståelse för patienten bidrar även till en stärkt vårdrelation och sjuksköterskan kan då ge den stöttning patienten efterfrågar.

The influences of family relationship variables on motivations for adolescent sexual risk-taking were investigated. Previous research has linked these variables to adolescent sexual behavior, however, the nature of these links has not been specifically examined. Family variables were operationalized as child attachment to mother, parental support of each other, parental conflict strategies, and parental monitoring. Emotional motivations were operationalized as attachment and affiliation needs. The sample consisted of 40 single females ages 18 to22 recruited from a local pregnancy care center. Predictions that parent-child relationship and parental influence would predict emotional motivations for sexual risk-taking were not supported. The variable most highly related to sexual risk-taking, though not included in the model tested, was father's destructive conflict strategies. Theoretical and methodological issues are discussed.

Syftet med denna kunskapsöversikt var att belysa olika aspekter av det kunskapsläge som finns idag sett till icke-suicidalt självskadebeteende bland unga kvinnor. Uppsatsens frågeställning var: Hur konstrueras och beskrivs ämnet icke-suicidalt självskadebeteende hos unga kvinnor i valda delar av forskningslitteraturen? Uppsatsen är en selektiv kunskapsöversikt som består av 11 primärdokument och resultaten analyserades med hjälp av en socialkonstruktionistisk teoribildning. Resultaten visade att kvinnor är överrepresenterade vad gäller icke-suicidalt självskadebeteende med fokus på att skära/rispa sig, men att det kan bero på vad forskaren väljer för inkluderings- och exkluderingskriterier i sin studie. Primärdokumenten vittnar om olika orsaker till varför unga kvinnor avsiktligen skadar sig själva, såväl inre som yttre faktorer är avgörande och samspelar med varandra. De unga kvinnorna upplevde att skärandehandlingen var ett effektivt sätt att hantera negativa känslor och att känna emotionell lättnad. Det fanns en stark korrelation mellan självskadehandlingar och dysfuntionella familjeförhållanden. Att självskada genom att skära samt rispa sig blev ett sätt att kanalisera svåra känslor men även att kommunicera med omgivningen då de unga kvinnorna inte lärt sig att på ett mer välgörande sätt uttrycka svåra känslor. De unga kvinnorna internaliserar omgivningens förväntningar – att vara ”den självskadande” – och skapar utifrån dessa en identitet. / The purpose of this systematic review was to highlight different aspects of the state of knowledge available today in terms of non-suicidal self-injury among young women. The question at issue was: How does the research literature – selected parts of it – construct and discuss the topic of non-suicidal self-harm in young women? The paper is a selective knowledge survey consisting of 11 primary document and the results were analyzed using a social constructionist theory. The results showed that women are overrepresented in terms of non-suicidal self-injury with a focus on cutting/scratch, but it may depend on what the researcher selects for inclusion and exclusion criteria in their study. Primary documents show various reasons why young women deliberately harm themselves, both internal and external factors are crucial and interact with each other. The young women felt that the cutting action was an effective way to deal with negative emotions and to feel emotional relief. There was a strong correlation between self-harm acts and dysfunctional family relationships. The young women learned to self-harm as a way to channel hard feelings but also to communicate with the environment because they had not learned to communicate difficult emotions in a more beneficial way. The young women internalize the expectations of - to be "the self-harming young woman” - and creates an identity from these expectations.