La recherche du boson de Higgs ainsi que celle de nouvelle physique auprès du LHC requiert une excellente compréhension des processus du Modèle Standard du fait de leurs signatures expérimentales similaires. La capacité de mesurer le plus précisément possible l'énergie des objets reconstruits dans les détecteurs est par ailleurs primordiale à la fois pour effectuer des mesures de précision et pour accroître la sensibilité des analyses à des signaux de physique au-delà du Modèle Standard. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse s'attachent à ces deux points par l'étude d'événements contenant un ou plusieurs jets associés à un boson Z avec le détecteur ATLAS. D'une part, ces événements sont utilisés pour améliorer la calibration en énergie des jets de faible impulsion transverse, d'une importance capitale pour les analyses utilisant le dénombrement de jets ou leur veto. D'autre part la section efficace différentielle de production de ces événements est mesurée en fonction de nombreuses observables et comparée à diverses prédictions théoriques. Ces mesures pourront être utilisées pour améliorer les prédictions qui servent de modèles de bruit de fond dans des analyses sur le boson de Higgs et de recherche de physique au-delà du Modèle Standard. / The Higgs boson search as well as searches for new physics at the LHC require a very good understanding of Standard Model processes due to their similar experimental signatures. In addition, the ability to precisely measure the energies of reconstructed objects within the detectors is crucial in order to perform precision measurements and to improve the sensitivity to physics signals beyond the Standard Model. The results presented in this thesis address these two points by studying events containing one or several jets associated to a Z boson with the ATLAS detector. These events are used to improve the jet energy calibration in the low transverse momentum regime, which is important for analyses making use of jet counting or jet veto. The differential cross section for the production of such events is also measured as a function of several observables and compared to various theoretical predictions. These measurements will serve to improve the predictions used to model background contamination in Higgs analyses and searches for new phenomena.

One of the dominant backgrounds in new physics searches at the Large Hadron Collider comes from the leptonic decays of Standard Model W and Z bosons recoiling off jets associated with the underlying event. The ratio of the W+jets and Z+jets cross sections, Rn, is predicted with high precision due to the similar masses and production mechanisms of the W and Z bosons. Any significant departures of Rn from predicted values would be an indication of new physics. This thesis studies a strategy to enhance the sensitivity of Rn to a specific type of signal. A measurement of the ratio Rn is presented, and its sensitivity to pair production of top quarks and leptoquarks is studied. Using a set of topology-discriminating variables, based upon calorimeter topoclusters, the sensitivity of Rn to top quark and leptoquark signals is enhanced using multivariate analysis techniques. / Graduate

This thesis presents the measurement of the differential cross section of Z boson pro-duction in association with jets (Z+jets) in proton-proton collision at the center-of-massenergy of 13 TeV. The data has been recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC duringthe year 2015, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.19 fb −1 .A study of theCMS muon High Level Trigger (HLT) with the data collected in 2016 is also presented.The goal of analysis is to perform a first measurement at 13 TeV of the cross sections ofZ+jets as a function of the jet multiplicity, its dependence on the transverse momentumof the Z boson, the jet kinematic variables (transverse momentum and rapidity), thescalar sum of the jet momenta, and the balance in the transverse momentum betweenthe reconstructed jet recoil and the Z boson. The results are obtained by correctingthe detector effects, and are unfolded to particle level. The measurement are com-pared to four predictions using different approximations: at the leading-order (LO),next-to-leading-order (NLO) and next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) accuracy. Thefirst two calculations used M AD G RAPH 5_ A MC@NLO interfaced with PYTHIA 8 for theparton showering and hadronisation, one of which includes matrix elements (MEs) atLO, another includes one-loop corrections (NLO). The third is a fixed-order calculationwith NNLO accuracy for Z+1 jet using the N -jettiness subtraction scheme (N jetti ). Thefourth uses the GENEVA program with an NNLO calculation combined with higher-order resummation.A series of studies on the HLT double muon trigger are also included. Since 2015 theLHC reached higher luminosity, more events are produced inside the CMS detector persecond, which resulted in more challenges for the trigger system. The work presentedincludes the monitoring, validation and the calibration of the muon trigger paths since2016. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:14:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 626469 bytes, checksum: b00f1a4159fa8427d51e0806ea431c8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The Standard Model with its current simmetry, is complete, but still not the final word for the study of elementary particle physics, and many of the experiments show an accumulation of data indicating the existence of DarkMatter, i.e., new physics that can not be described only by it; in mid-2009 , an excess in the fraction of the flow of electron/positron experiments measured by the PAMELLA[1], FERMI[2] and HESS[3], experiments that could be interpreted as possible evidence of dark matter annihilation through Lepto-phobic interaction, instigated researchers. Therefore, to describe such a scenario, the following will consider the extension of the standard model with the gauge group ULi−Lj (1)[4], for an analysis of how this can help solve this problem of excessive flow detected. / O Modelo Padrão com sua simetria atual, está completo, porém ainda não é a palavra final para o estudo de física de física das partículas elementares, muitos dos experimentos realizados apresentam uma acumulação de dados que denotam a existência de Matéria Escura, ou seja, apontam para física nova que não pode ser descrita somente por ele; em meados de 2009, um excesso na fração do fluxo elétron/pósitron medida pelos experimentos do PAMELA[1],FERMI-Lat[2] e HESS[3], que puderam ser interpretados como possíveis evidências de aniquilação de matéria escura através de interação lepto-fóbica, instigaram os pesquisadores. Portanto, para descrever tal cenário, a seguir considerar-se-á a extensão do Modelo Padrão com o grupo de gauge ULi−Lj (1)[4], para uma análise de como este pode ajudar a resolver esse problema do fluxo excessivo detectado.

This dissertation presents a search for dark matter particles produced in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions. The dataset consists of 139 fb^{-1} of collision events with centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, and was collected by the ATLAS detector from 2015-2018 at the Large Hadron Collider. Signal region events are required to contain a Z boson that decays leptonically to either e^+e^- or μ^+μ^-, and a significant amount of missing transverse momentum, which indicates the presence of undetected particles. Two types of dark matter models are studied: (1) simplified models with an s-channel axial-vector or vector mediator that couples to dark matter Dirac fermions, and (2) two-Higgs-doublet models with an additional pseudo-scalar that couples to dark matter Dirac fermions. The main Standard Model background sources are ZZ, WZ, non-resonant l^+l^-, and Z+jets processes, which are estimated using a combination of data and/or simulation. A new reweighting technique is developed for estimating the Z+jets background using γ+jets events in data; the resulting estimate significantly improves on the statistical and systematic errors compared to the estimate obtained from simulation. The observed data in the signal region are compared to Standard Model prediction using a transverse mass discriminant distribution. No significant excess in data is observed for the simplified models and two-Higgs-doublet models studied. A statistical analysis is performed and several exclusion limits are set on the parameters of the dark matter models. Results are compared to direct detection experiments, the CMS experiment, and other ATLAS searches. Prospects and improvements for future iterations of the search are also presented. / Graduate

This thesis presents a search for neutral bosons, such as new Higgs and Z' bosons, predicted by theories extending the Standard Model of particle physics. The search is performed in the di-tau analysis channel, where both tau leptons decay hadronically. Promising candidates of such theories are the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) and the non-universal G(221) model, which predict large couplings to tau leptons in large regions of their parameter space. Proton–proton collisions produced by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, recorded with the ATLAS detector in 2015 and 2016, are analyzed for this search. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb^-1. This search relies on sophisticated algorithms for the reconstruction of hadronic tau decays from their decay products. This thesis presents a novel approach employing multivariate techniques to significantly improve existing algorithms, which became the default for reconstruction of hadronic tau decays in ATLAS since 2017. Additionally, the new method can provide useful information for subsequent tau identification algorithms. The MSSM extends the Higgs sector of the Standard Model by four additional Higgs bosons. Of particular interest for this thesis are the neutral CP-even H and CP-odd A bosons. The search for these bosons is performed in the mass range of 0.2 TeV to 2.25 TeV in two orthogonal categories depending on the number of identified b-quarks, each preferring one of the two considered production modes via gluon–gluon fusion or b-associated production. The data are in good agreement with the Standard Model prediction. Upper limits are set on the cross-section times branching fraction using a confidence level (CL) of 95 % independently for both production modes. Most stringent observed limits are found for a resonance mass of 1.5 TeV to be 4.94 fb and 3.65 fb for gluon–gluon fusion and b-associated production, respectively. The results are further interpreted in the hMSSM, mhmax and mhmod scenarios. Observed upper limits in the hMSSM scenario on tanβ are found to be between 4.6 at mA = 0.25 TeV and 41.4 at mA = 1.5 TeV. The search for additional Z' bosons is performed independently on the number of identified b-quarks in the mass range of 0.2 TeV to 4 TeV. As for the search for additional Higgs bosons no significant hint for new physics has been observed. 95 % CL observed upper limits are set on the cross-section times branching fraction for Z' bosons in the Sequential Standard Model (SSM) benchmark scenario between 20.5 pb at mZ' = 0.2 TeV and 7.74 fb at mZ' = 1.75 TeV. The observed upper limit for the highest considered mass of mZ' = 4 TeV is found to be 16 fb. Z' bosons in the SSM and the non-universal G(221) model are excluded at 95 % CL for masses below 2353 GeV and 2232 GeV, respectively.

In der Z-Boson-Resonanzphysik sind mehrere Präzisionsobservablen in einem perfekten Zustand, bei dem die theoretische Unsicherheit niedriger ist als die gegenwärtige experimentelle Unsicherheit. Das Konzept für den zukünftigen Teilchenbeschleuniger Future Circular Collider (FCC), will eine Verbesserung der Messungen für die Präzisionsobservablen um ein bis zwei signifikante Stellen erreichen. Damit werden die Vorhersagen des elektroschwachen Standardmodells in eine Situation versetzt, in der vollständige Zweischleifenkorrekturen zusammen mit den führenden Dreischleifenkorrekturen obligatorisch werden. 2016 wurden die vollständigen Zweischleifenkorrekturen für den effektiven schwachen Mischungswinkel für die bottom Quarks sin^2/theta/^b_eff berechnet, indem die fehlenden bosonischen Zweischleifenkorrekturen bereitgestellt wurden. Dabei liegt die Schwierigkeit in der Berechnung der entsprechenden Zwei-Schleifen Vertex-Feynman-Integrale, die mehrere massive Teilchen einschließen. Gegenwärtig ist die analytische Rechnung der meisten dieser Integrale schwierig und deswegen werden rein numerische Techniken, mittels Sektorzerlegungsansatz und der Integralansatz nach Mellin-Barnes, angewandt. Es war bis vor kurzem nicht bekannt, wie Mellin-Barnes-Integraldarstellungen in den minkowskischen Integrationsgebieten numerisch behandelt werden können. Um dieses Problem anzugehen, stellen wir eine Vielzahl von ein- und mehrdimensionaler Techniken vor, die ein Teil des neuen Programms MBnumerics.m sind, welches in dieser Dissertation entwickelt wurde. Der Sektorzerlegungsansatz und der Integralansatz nach Mellin-Barnes sind zusammen ausreichend, um elektroschwache Zweischleifenkorrekturen für die Präzisionsobservablen der Annihilation von e^+e^- in zwei Fermionen in der Z-Bosonresonanz auszurechnen. Aktuell führt dies zu der genauesten Vorhersage für den effektiven elektroschwachen Mischungswinkel für bottom Quarks sin^2/theta/^b_eff = 0.232312. / In the Z-boson resonance physics several precision observables are in a perfect state, where the theory uncertainty is lower than the present experimental uncertainty. The ambitious concepts for the future collider, Future Circular Collider (FCC), aim for an improvement of measurements for the precision observables by one to two significant digits. This will put the Electroweak Standard Model predictions in a situation where complete two-loop corrections together with the leading three-loop corrections will become mandatory. The complete two-loop corrections for effective weak mixing angle for bottom quarks sin^2/theta/^b_eff were reported recently, by providing the missing bosonic two-loop corrections. The difficult task in this computation is the calculation of the corresponding two-loop vertex Feynman integrals which include several massive particles. At present the analytic evaluation for most of these integrals is out of reach and purely numerical techniques were applied. Only two methods, sector decomposition approach and the Mellin-Barnes integral approach, are known to extract infrared and ultraviolet singularities in a systematic way for a general Feynman integral with fully automatized algorithms. It was not known until recently how to treat Mellin-Barnes integral representations in Minkowskian regions numerically. To address this problem we introduce and discuss in detail a variety of one- and multi-dimensional techniques, which are part of a new program MBnumerics.m developed in this thesis work. Two techniques, sector decomposition and Mellin-Barnes integral approach, are together sufficient to treat electroweak two-loop corrections to the precision observables for the e^+e^- annihilation into two fermions at the Z-boson resonance. This leads to the most precise prediction at present for the effective weak mixing angle for bottom quarks: sin^2/theta/^b_eff=0.232312.

La première mesure du spectre en phi*_eta du boson Z à 7 TeV a été réalisée dans cette thèse. Cette variable permet de sonder la dynamique de production des Z de façon fine. L’échantillon complet des données enregistrées par ATLAS en 2011 a été utilisé ce qui correspond à 4.7/fb de luminosité intégrée. Les résultats de cette mesure sont publiés dans la Ref. [18] fondé sur la note interne Ref. [69]. La section efficace différentielle de Z->ee en fonction phi*_eta a été mesurée et comparée aux calculs perturbatifs à ordre fixé, avec/sans resommation pour la région des petits phi*_eta. Le code RESBOS fournit la meilleure description des données, cependant il est incapable de reproduire, à mieux de 4%, la forme détaillée de la section efficace mesurée. La section efficace différentielle a également été comparée aux prédictions de différents générateurs Monte Carlo interfacés avec un algorithme de parton shower. Les meilleures descriptions du spectre en phi*_eta mesuré sont données par les générateurs SHERPA et POWHEG+PYTHIA8. La mesure précise de la section efficace différentielle en phi*_eta fournit des informations précieuses pour l’ajustement des codes Monte Carlo. La précision expérimentale typique de cette mesure (~0.5%) est dix fois meilleure que la précision des calculs théoriques et elle est donc aussi précieuse pour contraindre la théorie. La mesure du spectre en ptZ a également été faite pour quantifier l’incertitude systématique de cette mesure en utilisant la grande statistique de l’échantillon de données. Cela permet de comparer deux mesures qui traitent de l’impulsion transverse du boson Z. Dans la plupart du domaine en phi*_eta l’incertitude systématique de la mesure de ptZ est deux fois plus grande que celle de la mesure de phi*_eta. Cette comparaison confirme l’intérêt de la variable phi*_eta. Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse ont beaucoup d’implications pour les études futures. Ajustant les générateurs Monte Carlo en utilisant les résultats de la mesure précise du spectre en phi*_eta minimisera l’incertitude sur leurs paramètres. Une mesure de la section efficace doublement différentielle en ptZ et phi*_eta est intéressante pour mieux comprendre la corrélation entre ces deux variables. La mesure précise du spectre en ptZ utilisant la variable phi*_eta peut être appliquée au spectre en ptW et on sait que des mesures plus fines du ptW sont importante pour une détermination précise de la masse du boson W. De plus, une compréhension précise du spectre en ptZ est importante pour comprendre les propriétés cinématiques de la production du boson de Higgs. / The first measurement of the phi*_eta spectrum of Z bosons at 7 TeV of pp collisions has been studied in this thesis, which is an alternative way to probe the transverse momentum of Z bosons. The full data sample recorded by the ATLAS detector during 2011 run of the LHC was used, which corresponds with 4.7/fb integrated luminosity. The results of this measurement were reported in Ref. [18] supported by the internal note in Ref. [69]. The differential cross section of Z->ee as a function of phi*_eta has been measured and compared to fixed order perturbative QCD calculations with/without a resummation for the low phi*_eta region. Calculations using RESBOS provide the best descriptions of the data. However, they are unable to reproduce the detailed shape of the measured cross section to better than 4%. The differential cross section was also compared to predictions from different Monte Carlo generators interfaced to a parton shower algorithm. The best descriptions of the measured phi*_eta spectrum are provided by SHERPA and POWHEG+PYTHIA8 Monte Carlo event generators. The precise measurement of the differential cross section as a function of phi*_eta provides valuable information for the tuning of MC generators. The typical experimental precision of this measurement (~0.5%) is ten times better than the typical theoretical precision and therefore is valuable to constrain the theoretical predictions further. The ptZ measurement has been also studied to quantify the systematic uncertainty of this measurement using the high statistic data sample. This allows to compare two measurements which both address the physics issues of the Z transverse momentum. In most of the phi*_eta range, the systematic uncertainty of the ptZ measurement is two times larger than the one of the phi*_eta measurement. This comparison confirms the interest for the phi*_eta variable. The measurements presented in this thesis has many implications for future studies. Tuning MC generators using the result of the precise measurement of the phi*_eta spectrum will minimize the uncertainty on the tuned parameters. A double differential cross section measurement as a function of ptZ and phi*_eta is interesting to understand the correlation between ptZ and phi*_eta variables. The precise measurement of the ptZ spectrum using the new variable phi*_eta can be applied to ptZ. More precise measurement of ptZ are important to obtain precise measurements of the W mass. In addition, a precise understanding of the ptZ spectrum is important to understand kinematic properties of Higgs boson production.