L'électronique de puissance d'aujourd'hui est de plus en plus exigeante vis à vis des dispositifs semi-conducteurs. Es doivent être performants tant en statique qu'en dynamique: faibles pertes en conduction et en commutation, vitesses élevées, grandes capacités en surcharge... . Grâce à sa structure, associant le thyristor avec le MOS, le MCT offre une faible tension directe et une grande facilité de commande. H est l'un des nouveaux dispositifs pouvant éventuellement répondre aux exigences actuelles. Ce mémoire est composé de deux parties. Dans la première nous présentons une étude du comportement individuel du MCT dans les différents modes de commutation (commutation dure, commutations douce ZVS, ZCS) et en cas de surcharge (pouvoir de coupure et aire de sécurité). Cette étude comportementale est réalisée par deux voies distinctes et complémentaires: la voie expérimentale en utilisant le Simulateur Analogique de l'Electronique de Puissance et la voie physique interne basée sur une modélisation simplifiée et qualitative. Dans la deuxième partie nous intéressons à l'association du MCT dans la mise en série et dans la mise en parallèle. Cette étude fait le point sur l'ensemble des problèmes et présente les solutions envisageables pour la réalisation des commutateurs haute tension et forts courants avec le MCT.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This Ph. D. Thesis presents a in deep study of the mechanism of resonant transition soft-switching techniques. By means of the principles that rules the PWM resonant transition converters, a novel tool for analysis and synthesis have been developed. This novel tool also permit to be verified some of the main factors that made possible to he ZVT technique to achieve its technology level. By means of this tool and with the definition of the basic requirements of the resonant transition converters a new concept concerning the ZCZVT technique have been generated, the ZCZVT converters with discontinuous auxiliary voltage source . The development of this new concept gives rise to a new family of ZCZVT converters with magnetically coupled auxiliary circuit. It also allowed a better perspective of the ZCZVT converters characteristics, advantages, drawbacks and limitations, which contributed significantly with the grown of the technology. Two of the six topologies with bi-directional auxiliary circuits proposed in the thesis have been mathematically analised. A design methodology based on constrains and dynamic characteristics of the IGBT and diode semiconductors under ZCS and ZVS conditions have been presented. Finally, experimental results proved the efficiency gain of the novel ZCZVT inverters with magnetically coupled auxiliary circuit. The ZCZVT inverter with magnetically coupled auxiliary circuit prototype have been compared with its Undeland snubber counterpart, presenting an efficiency of about 4% superior. It corroborates to the thesis proposal of developing novel topologies with better performance and simplicity. / O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo aprofundado do mecanismo de comutação presente nas técnicas de comutação suave com transição ressonante. Por meio da definição dos princípios que governam as comutações dos conversores PWM com transição ressonante, desenvolveu-se uma nova ferramenta para análise e síntese de novos circuitos com características aperfeiçoadas. Também através desta ferramenta de análise pode-se verificar alguns dos principais fatores que possibilitaram o amadurecimento da técnica de comutação ZVT. Com esta ferramenta e com a definição dos requisitos básicos para a operação dos conversores com transição ressonante foi gerado o conceito de conversores ZCZVT com fonte auxiliar descontínua. O desenvolvimento deste conceito deu origem a uma nova família de conversores ZCZVT com acoplamento magnético. O desenvolvimento de uma nova família de conversores ZCZVT permitiu uma melhor percepção das características destes circuitos e o amadurecimento da técnica de comutação suave ZCZVT. Duas das seis topologias de circuitos auxiliares bidirecionais propostas na tese para os novos inversores ZCZVT monofásicos com acoplamento foram analisadas matematicamente. Uma metodologia de projeto para estes inversores foi apresentada. Esta metodologia é baseada em restrições obtidas das características dinâmicas dos IGBTs e dos diodos que operam sob comutação em zero de corrente (ZCS) e zero de tensão (ZVS). Por fim, foram apresentados resultados experimentais que comprovam o ganho de eficiência do inversores ZCZVT com acoplamento magnético e circuitos auxiliares em derivação proposto. O protótipo do inversor ZCZVT foi comparado experimentalmente com um inversor utilizando snubber de Undeland, apresentando uma eficiência em média 4% superior. O que corroborou com a proposta inicial de desenvolver topologias ZCZVT com desempenho melhorado e maior simplicidade.

The master's thesis covers in its first parts origins and consequnces of the switching losses, basic principles of the various resonant tanks and resonant DC/DC converters. Afterwards the innovative approach of the multiperiod modulation is presented. The main advantages of this kind of modulation include very wide zero current switching region and lowering the switching frequency as the output voltage decreases. In the remaining part of the thesis a prototype converter design is described.

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Boost dc-to-dc converters have very good source interface properties. The input inductor makes the source current smooth and hence these converters provide very good EMI performance. On account of this good property, the boost converter is also the preferred converter for off-line UPF rectifiers. One of the issues of concern in these converters is the large size of the storage capacitor on the dc link. The boost converter suffers from the disadvantage of discontinuous current injected to the load. The size of the capacitor is therefore large. Further, the ripple current in the capacitor is as much as the load current; hence the ESR specification of the tank capacitor is quite demanding. This is specially so in the emerging application areas of automotive power conversion, where the input voltage is low (typically 12V) and large voltage boost (4 to 5) are desired. The first part of this thesis suggests multi-phase boost converter to overcome the disadvantages of large size storage capacitor in boost converter. Comparison between the specification of single stage and multi-stages is thoroughly examined. Besides the average small signal analysis of N converters in parallel and obtaining an equivalent second order system are discussed. By paralleling the converters the design of closed loop control is a demanding task. To achieve proper current sharing among the stages using current control method is inevitable. Design and implementation of closed loop control of multi-phase boost converter both in analog and digital is the topic of next part of the thesis. Comparison between these two approaches is presented in this part and it will be shown that digital control is more convenient for such a topology on account of the requirement of synchronization, phase shifted operation, current balancing and other desired functions, which will be discussed later in detail. A new direct digital control method, which is simple and fast, is developed. Two different realizations with DSP controller and FPGA controller are considered. In the last part of the thesis a novel soft switching circuit for boost converter is presented. It provides Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) for the main switch and Zero Current Switching (ZCS) for the auxiliary switch. The paper presents the idealized analysis giving all the circuit intervals and the equations necessary for the design of such a circuit. The proposed soft switching circuit is particularly suited for the tapped-inductor boost circuit with a minimum number of extra components. Extension of the method to tapped inductor boost converter addresses the application of Zero Voltage Transition (ZVT) to high conversion ratio converters. Extension of the method to multiphase boost converter shows that with less number of auxiliary switches soft switching operation can be achieved for all interleaved switching devices. Several laboratory prototype boost converters have been built to confirm the theoretical results and design methods are matching with both simulation and experimental results.

With the increasing demand for fast, cheaper, and efficient power converters come the need for a single-stage power factor correction (PFC) converter. Various single-stage PFC converter proposed in the literature has the drawback of high DC bus voltage at the input side and together with the shift to wide bandgap switches like GaN drives the converter cost higher. However, an interleaved topology with high-frequency isolation was proposed in this research work due to the drastic reduction in the DC bus voltage and extremely low input current ripple thereby making the need for an EMI filter circuit optional.   Meanwhile, this research work focuses on adapting the proposed topology for a high voltage low current application (EV charger - 400V, 7KW) and low voltage high current application (telecom power supply - 58V,  58A) owing to cost benefits. However, all single-stage PFC are faced with the drawback of second-order (100Hz) output harmonic ripple. Therefore, the design and simulation presented a huge peak to peak ripple of about 50V/3A and 26V/26A for the EV charger and telecom power supply case, respectively. This created the need for the design of a ripple cancellation circuit as the research required a peak to peak ripple of 8V and 200mV for the EV - charger and telecom power supply, respectively.   A novel output passive ripple cancellation technique was developed for the EV charger case due to the ease it offers in terms of control, circuit complexity and extremely low THDi when compared with the active cancellation approach. The ripple circuit reduced the 50V ripple to 431mV with the use of a total of 2.2mF capacitance at the output stage.   Despite designing the passive technique, an active ripple cancellation circuit was designed using a buck converter circuit for the telecom power supply. The active approach was chosen because the passive has a slow response and incurs more loss at a high current level. Adding the active ripple cancellation circuit led to a quasi-single stage LLC PFC converter topology. A novel duty-ratio feedforward control was added to synchronize the PFC control of the input side with the buck topology ripple cancellation circuit. The addition of the ripple circuit with the feedforward control offered a peak to peak ripple of 6.7mV and a reduced resonant inductor current by half.   After analysis, an extremely low THDi of 0.47%, PF of 99.99% and a peak efficiency of 97.1% was obtained for the EV charger case. The telecom power supply offered a THDi of 2.3%, PF of 99.96% with a peak efficiency of 95%.

The project deals with the design of a switch-mode power supply (SMPS) with a medium and high power output. The power supply uses multiphase control switching. Electric energy is converted through a series parallel LLC resonant circuit to reach the maximum efficiency with a small size and cost efficiency of the designed power supply. The semiconductor switches use ZVS (Zero Voltage Switching) on the primary side and ZCS (Zero Current Switching) on the secondary side of the converter. The design of the converter is based on the knowledge of the high power output converters (types of switching, art topologies) and resonant topologies (series resonant circuit – SRC, parallel resonant circuit – PRC and series parallel circuit –SPRC). The design of the converter was done theoreticaly and tested by using simulation program. The simulation and partial tests served to build prototype the Interleaves Converter (ILLC). The function of the converter was tested in laboratory. The laboratory results have been compared with the theoretical and the simulation results.