This diploma thesis was elaborated on the theme "The study of factors influencing service tree (Sorbus domestica L.) micropropagation". The experiments were carried out in in vitro laboratory of the Mendeleum - Institute of Genetics and Plant Breeding of the Faculty of Horticulture in Lednice. The aim of this work was to acquire and improve the knowledge of in vitro cultivation of serviceberry and the genus Sorbus L. in general. The trees growing in experimental land of the Faculty of Horticulture MZLU in Lednice were selected as experimental material. The composition of cultivation medium was verified for plant growth and multiplication purposes. The influence of two different cytokinins BA (benzyl-adenine) and zeatin was evaluated. The shoot number and shoot length were measured. The highest multiplication rate evaluated by the origin of new formed shoots was accomplished on media supplemented with BA (0.1 mg.l-1). Nevertheless the shortest height of shoots was measured on this media. It was valid for both cytokinins that number of shoots was increasing with increasing cytokinin concentration whilst the shoot height was decreasing.

From its first use in the field of biochemistry, instrumental analysis offered a variety of invaluable tools for the comprehensive description of biological systems. Multi-selective methods that aim to cover as many endogenous compounds as possible in biological samples use different analytical platforms and include methods like gene expression profile and metabolite profile analysis. The enormous amount of data generated in application of profiling methods needs to be evaluated in a manner appropriate to the question under investigation. The new field of system biology rises to the challenge to develop strategies for collecting, processing, interpreting, and archiving this vast amount of data; to make those data available in form of databases, tools, models, and networks to the scientific community.<br><br> On the background of this development a multi-selective method for the determination of phytohormones was developed and optimised, complementing the profile analyses which are already in use (Chapter I). The general feasibility of a simultaneous analysis of plant metabolites and phytohormones in one sample set-up was tested by studies on the analytical robustness of the metabolite profiling protocol. The recovery of plant metabolites proved to be satisfactory robust against variations in the extraction protocol by using common extraction procedures for phytohormones; a joint extraction of metabolites and hormones from plant tissue seems practicable (Chapter II).<br><br> Quantification of compounds within the context of profiling methods requires particular scrutiny (Chapter II). In Chapter III, the potential of stable-isotope in vivo labelling as normalisation strategy for profiling data acquired with mass spectrometry is discussed. First promising results were obtained for a reproducible quantification by stable-isotope in vivo labelling, which was applied in metabolomic studies.<br><br> In-parallel application of metabolite and phytohormone analysis to seedlings of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to sulfate limitation was used to investigate the relationship between the endogenous concentration of signal elements and the ‘metabolic phenotype’ of a plant. An automated evaluation strategy was developed to process data of compounds with diverse physiological nature, such as signal elements, genes and metabolites – all which act in vivo in a conditional, time-resolved manner (Chapter IV). Final data analysis focussed on conditionality of signal-metabolome interactions. / Die instrumentelle Analytik stellt mit ihrem unschätzbaren Methodenreichtum Analysenwerkzeuge zur Verfügung, die seit ihrem Einzug in die Biologie die Aufzeichnung immer komplexerer ‚Momentaufnahmen’ von biologischen Systemen ermöglichen. Konkret hervorzuheben sind dabei vor allem die sogenannten ‚Profilmethoden’. Die Anwendung von Profilmethoden zielt darauf ab, aus einer bestimmten Stoffklasse so viele zugehörige Komponenten wie nur möglich gleichzeitig zu erfassen. <br><br> Für die Auswertung derart komplexer Daten müssen nun auch entsprechende Auswertungsmethoden bereit gestellt werden. Das neu entstandene Fachgebiet der Systembiologie erarbeitet deshalb Strategien zum Sammeln, Auswerten und Archivieren komplexer Daten, um dieses gesammelte Wissen in Form von Datenbanken, Modellen und Netzwerken der allgemeinen Nutzung zugänglich zu machen.<br><br> Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde den vorhandenen Profilanalysen eine Methode zur Erfassung von Pflanzenhormonen hinzugefügt. Verschiedene Experimente bestätigten die Möglichkeit zur Kopplung von Pflanzenhormon- und Pflanzeninhaltsstoff(=metabolit)-Profilanalyse. In weiteren Untersuchungen wurde das Potential einer innovativen Standardisierungstechnologie für die mengenmässige Erfassung von Pflanzeninhaltsstoffen in biologischen Proben betrachtet (in vivo labelling mit stabilen Isotopen).<br><br> Hormon- und Metabolitprofilanalyse wurden dann parallel angewandt, um Wechselwirkungen zwischen der Konzentration von Signalkomponenten und der Ausprägung des Stoffwechsels in Keimlingen der Modellpflanze Arabidopsis thaliana zu untersuchen. Es wurde eine Prozessierungsmethode entwickelt, die es auf einfache Art und Weise erlaubt, Daten oder Komponenten verschiedenen Ursprungs wie Signalelemente, Gene und Metabolite, die in biologischen Systemen zeitlich versetzt aktiv oder verändert erscheinen, im Zusammenhang zu betrachten. Die abschließende Analyse aller Daten richtet sich auf die Abschätzung der Bedingtheit von Signal-Metabolismus Interaktionen.

Submitted by Gabriela Lopes (gmachadolopesufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-09-27T14:25:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Roseane Maidana Moreira.pdf: 1526932 bytes, checksum: 24ec9be5cb36029c41e9e55dad9e3488 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-09-28T17:10:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Roseane Maidana Moreira.pdf: 1526932 bytes, checksum: 24ec9be5cb36029c41e9e55dad9e3488 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-28T17:10:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Roseane Maidana Moreira.pdf: 1526932 bytes, checksum: 24ec9be5cb36029c41e9e55dad9e3488 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / A oliveira (Olea europaea L.) pertence a família Oleaceae, a qual tem suas espécies distribuídas em regiões tropicais e temperadas do mundo. O cultivo é crescente e demanda tecnologias para a instalação de pomares. Dentre as técnicas de propagação utilizadas para a oliveira, a micropropagação se destaca, pois permite conservar o germoplasma e produzir mudas de alta qualidade e sanidade. No entanto verifica-se a carência de protocolos eficientes para o estabelecimento in vitro de várias cultivares de oliveira. Assim sendo, este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver protocolos eficientes para a redução da oxidação e estabelecimento in vitro de oliveira. O experimento foi realizado no laboratório de Propagação de Plantas Frutíferas, Departamento de Fitotecnia da Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, (UFPel/RS), no período de março de 2012 a outubro de 2013. O artigo 1 consistiu no estabelecimento in vitro de seis cultivares de oliveira (Ascolano, Leccino, Maria da Fé, Coratina, Arbequina e Frantoio) em diferentes meios de cultura (MO e WPM) e épocas de coleta dos explantes (outono, inverno, primavera e verão). No artigo 2, o objetivo foi avaliar o efeito da presença e ausência de luz fornecida à planta matriz, bem como concentrações de zeatina (0, 2, 4 e 8 mg.L-1) no estabelecimento in vitro. Em ambos os artigos foram avaliadas as variáveis referentes à porcentagem de oxidação; contaminação fúngica e bacteriana; sobrevivência e estabelecimento dos explantes in vitro. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que no artigo (1) houve maior oxidação fenólica em explantes de oliveira coletados no inverno, a primavera é indicada para a coleta de explantes da cultivar Maria da Fé, enquanto as cultivares Ascolano e Arbequina apresentam maior taxa de estabelecimento in vitro no outono. O meio de cultura WPM promoveu maior porcentagem de estabelecimento de explantes de oliveira. No artigo (2), plantas matrizes em condições de ausência de luz são as mais indicadas no estabelecimento in vitro das cultivares de oliveira estudadas. A concentração de 2 mg.L-1 de Zeatina favorece a sobrevivência de explantes de oliveira 'Arbequina'. As concentrações (0, 4 e 8 mg.L-1 ) de Zeatina não apresentam diferença entre as cultivares Leccino e Arbequina para a variável contaminação fúngica. / The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) belongs to Oleaceae family, which has its species distributed in tropical and temperate regions of the world. The cultivation is increasing and demand technologies for facilities orchards. Among the techniques used for olive propagation, micropropagation stands out, because it preserves germplasm and produce high qualitu seedling and sanity. However there is a lack of efficient protocols for in vitro in several varieties of olive property.This study aimed to develop efficient protocols to reduce oxidation and in vitro establishment of olive. The experiment was conducted in the Fruit Tree Propagation Laboratory, Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel/RS) from March 2012 to October 2013. The Article 1 consisted of establishing in vitro six olive cultivars (Ascolano, Leccino, Maria da Fé, Coratina, Arbequina e Frantoio) in different culture media (MO e WPM) and explants sampling times (fall, winter, spring and summer). In Article 2, the objective was to evaluate the presence and absence of light provided to the mother plant and Zeatin concentrations (0, 2, 4 and 8 mg.L-1) in vitro establishment. In both articles the variables were evaluated variables concerning the percentage of rust, fungal and bacterial contamination, survival and establishment of explants in vitro were evaluated. The results showed that in the Article 1 there was a higher phenolic oxidation in olive explants collected in winter, spring is indicated for collecting explants of cultivar Maria da Fé, while Ascolano and Arbequina cultivars have a higher rate of in vitro establishment in autumn. The WPM promoted a higher rate of establishment of olive explants. In Article (2), mother plants in conditions of absence of light are the most suitable in vitro establishment of olive cultivars studied. The concentration of 2 mg.L-1 Zeatin promotes survival explants of olive 'Arbequina'. Concentrations (0, 4 and 8 mg.L-1) showed no Zeatin difference between Leccino and Arbequina cultivars for variable fungal contamination.

No description available.

Cotton plant growth and development, as well as monitoring nutrient use efficiency were evaluated using hydroponic approach. Two set of experiments were conducted to determine the influence of phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and PK and exogenous application of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), zeatin (Z) and their combinations on growth and development of cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum) grown hydroponically. In the nutrient solution experiment, cotton vegetative growth was positively influenced by low P (half strength Hoagland standard solution), low K (one-sixth strength Hoagland standard solution) and high PK treatments (Hoagland standard solution). Phytohormone experiment negatively supported vegetative growth except root length at 43 days after transplanting (DAT). The nutrients levels applied significantly favoured NPK uptake by cotton plants while exogenous phytohormones application did not affect NPK uptake by cotton plants, except N uptake by stem. Low P and low K treatments estimated to have high nutrient use efficiency (NUE). For chlorophyll formation, low K and high PK significantly increased formation of chlorophyll a, b and total ab while the application of GA3, IAA, Z and IAA x GA3 x 2Z treatments significantly increased chlorophyll a, b and total ab at 80 DAT only. Low K and low P treatments stimulated endogenous phytohormone contents in the cotton plants. In the phytohormone experiment, cotton plants treated to IAA x GA3 x Z increased endogenous phytohormone contents in the cotton plants. Low P, low K, high PK treatments and phytohormones treatments significantly increased root area, root volume and root activity. Low P, low K and high PK treatments applied significantly influenced residual level of P and K in the hydroponics while phytohormone treatments did not affect residual level of P and K except at 43 DAT. Evapotranspiration rate was high at early and reproductive stages of plant growth. This report shows the response of mineral nutrients and phytohormones to support growth and development of cotton plants grown hydroponically. / Description as in abstract