Uppsatsen handlar om hur fyra judiska personer upplever antisemitism i Sverige. De har svarat på frågor som rör två teman, antisemitism och Israelkritik/antisionism. Informanterna har inte personligen utsatts för antisemitism i stor utsträckning, däremot upplever de att antisemitismen finns mer utbrett på andra platser i Sverige. Israelkritik upplever de enbart som antisemitism när den är obalanserad och när media anklagar judar kollektivt för vad som sker i Israel/Palestina. Sionism ser de dock ingen anledning till att kritisera eftersom den handlar om ett judisk självbestämmande. Ett par av informanterna anser att sionism är så starkt förknippat med judisk tradition att antisionism per automatik blir judefientlig. / The essay is about how four Jewish people experience anti-Semitism in Sweden. They answered questions related to two themes, anti-Semitism and Israel Criticism / anti-Zionism. The informants have not personally been subjected to anti-Semitism widely, but they feel that anti-Semitism is more prevalent in other parts of Sweden. Criticism of Israel is experienced as anti-Semitism when it is unbalanced and when the media blames Jews collectively for what is happening in Israel / Palestine. They see no reason to criticize Zionism because it is about a Jewish self-determination. A couple of respondents believe that Zionism is so strongly associated with Jewish tradition that anti-Zionism automatically becomes hostile towards Jews.

This dissertation explores Israeli architectural and construction aid in the 1960s – “the African decade” – when the majority of sub-Saharan African states gained independence from colonial rule. In the Cold War competition over development, Israel distinguished its aid by alleging a postcolonial status, similar geography, and a shared history of racial oppression to alleviate fears of neocolonial infiltration. I critically examine how Israel presented itself as a model for rapid development more applicable to African states than the West, and how the architects negotiated their professional practice in relation to the Israeli Foreign Ministry agendas, the African commissioners' expectations, and the international disciplinary discourse on modern architecture. I argue that while architectural modernism was promoted in the West as the International Style, Israeli architects translated it to the African context by imbuing it with nation-building qualities such as national cohesion, labor mobilization, skill acquisition and population dispersal. Based on their labor-Zionism settler-colonial experience, as well as criticisms of the mass construction undertaken in Israel in its first decade, the architects diverged from technocratic "high modernism" to accommodate the needs of African weak governments. Focusing on prestigious governmental and educational buildings such as the Sierra Leone parliament, Ife University in Nigeria, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Ethiopia, as well as urban and national planning schemes, this study brings to the fore the performative capacities of these projects in relation to the national and international audiences they addressed as vehicles of governance and markers of a desired modernity. In other words, this study examines the role these projects played in the mobilization of workers, funds, lands, infrastructure and policy making. Cutting across North-South and East-West dichotomies, the study of this modality of transnational exchange sheds new light on processes of modernization and globalization and exposes their diverse cultural and political underpinnings.

This dissertation critically examines the question of language revival in late nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century Hebrew literature. Focusing on major texts that participate in the political and aesthetic endeavor of reviving Hebrew as an exclusive national language, this study traces the narrative of revival and explores the changes and iterations it underwent in the course of several decades, from the 1890s to the early 1920s. Informed by a wide range of critical literary theory, I analyze the primary tropes used to articulate the process whereby Hebrew came to inhabit new discursive roles. Building on close readings of canonical texts by authors ranging from Ahad Ha’am and Mikha Yosef Berdichevsky to Hayim Nahman Bialik, Rachel Katznelson, and Yosef Hayim Brenner, I argue that while modern Hebrew literature largely rejected the philological assumption that Hebrew was a dead language, it nevertheless produced a discourse around the notion of “revival,” in a manner that deferred the possibility of perceiving Hebrew as fully living. My readings show that while many of these texts contemplate linguistic transformation in terms of revitalization or birth, the national mission of language revival is in fact entwined with mourning, and ultimately produces the object of revival as neither dead nor fully alive. Dwelling on the ambivalence and suspension of that moment, and examining a range of nuances in its articulation, I explore the roles that Hebrew language and literature play in nationalization, Zionism, and the constitution of a new Hebrew subjectivity.

Orientador: Virginia Célia Camilotti / Resumo: O Rio de Janeiro entre os anos de 1901 e 1918 viveu uma intensificação do fluxo migratório interno e externo, judeus das mais variadas origens chegaram e se instalaram na cidade iniciando o processo de organização deste núcleo imigrante. Em meio a um cenário de disputas em torno de projetos que fossem capazes de unificar as diferentes tendências existentes entre os imigrantes judeus, surgiu A Columna, primeiro periódico judaico/sionista publicado em português no Brasil. Idealizada por David José Perez e Alvaro de Castilho, A Columna foi editada entre janeiro de 1916 e dezembro 1917 em formato de revista mensal. Mais do que um divulgador de notícias, esse impresso propunha ser um propagador de ideais. Partindo da premissa de que a A Columna foi uma das responsáveis pela divulgação do sionismo no Rio de Janeiro, o objetivo desta pesquisa consiste em determinar e compreender quais foram os mecanismos utilizados por esse periódico para difundir as ideias ligadas ao nacionalismo judaico e entender quais foram as estratégias empregadas para sua inserção na comunidade judaica desta cidade e até que ponto isso pode ter contribuído para a formação de uma nova identidade. / Abstract: Rio de Janeiro between 1901 and 1918 experienced an intensification of the internal and external migratory flow, Jews of various origins arrived and settled in the city starting the process of organization of this immigrant nucleus. Amid a backdrop of disputes over projects that could unify the different trends among Jewish immigrants, A Columna, the first Jewish / Zionist journal published in Portuguese in Brazil, emerged. Created by David José Perez and Alvaro de Castilho, A Columna was edited between January 1916 and December 1917 in a monthly magazine format. More than a news spreader, this print was intended to be a spreader of ideals. Assuming that A Columna was responsible for spreading Zionism in Rio de Janeiro, the objective of this research is to determine and understand the mechanisms used by this journal to spread the ideas related to Jewish nationalism and to understand which were the strategies employed for their insertion in the Jewish community of this city and to what extent this may have contributed to the formation of a new identity. / Mestre

The motivation for writing this thesis derives from the lengthy conflict between Israelis and Palestinians and its effects on Jews who have been engaged politically and intellectually in challenging a paradigm most prevalent among Australian and other diasporic Jewry since the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948. The paradigm asserts that Israelis’ right to live safely within secure borders must be of exclusive concern. To challenge this exclusively therefore, by speaking in support of Palestinian justice and needs for similar basic conditions of life which have not yet been met, is viewed by many Jews as disloyalty and even as antisemitism. Australian Jewry has become known as Zionism’s ‘last bastion’. What were the particular conditions in Australia that led to Zionism and identification with Israel becoming the key symbol of Jewish identity within the Jewish community? The Zionist project has been sustained by deeply held metaphors. These include the historically-based claims and lived experiences of victimisation and vulnerability as Jews, whether individual and collective. Through revealing and synthesising the complexities and contradictions that are inherent in Jewish-Zionist subjectivities today, the thesis hopes to illuminate more generally questions of identity formation, diaspora and community, power and victimisation, and the unifying force of discourse. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)