La investigación que realicé tiene como propósitollegar a conocer y comprender, en diferentes planos, las complejas relaciones que se establecen entre los diversos grupos que convergenen la práctica del skateboarding. De esta manera y a medida que hemos ido avanzando en la investigación, hemos ido enfocando el trabajo en lo que llamamos estructuras de la comunicación interpersonal y la comunicación en espacios virtuales Como así también, el ejercicio de apropiación del espacio público sin dejar de lado el hecho de que en toda dinámica social se encuentra presente la meta-comunicación.Sobre esta última, es importante mencionar que se produce como marco general que agrupa a la interacción, la identidadde la tribu urbana y el espacio público. Es entendida, como el todo que tiene axiomas comunicacionales que permiten una lectura más certera de los fenómenos. El tema en el que nos enfocamos es de gran pertinencia en la actualidad ya que hay una mayor demanda en la población juvenil por los deportes alternativosy extremos que antes solíanser practicados por personas de la clase alta de la sociedad. Un deporte extremo es aquél que desarrolla experiencias que generan adrenalina, que implican un riesgo para quien los ejecuta. Es asíque los deportes extremos generan en el grupo, una identidad de colectividad. Las frases como“skate or die” hacen que nos preguntemos acerca de la gran cohesión y generación de identidad de los grupos juveniles traspasando fronteras espaciales, creando lazos virtuales en comunidades extraterritoriales. / Tesis

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:36:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo2392_1.pdf: 8231463 bytes, checksum: d531cccb989cd9e0b9a3d23084ea21c0 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / O módulo de elasticidade do concreto é um parâmetro utilizado para verificações estruturais. Expressões presentes nas normas nacionais e internacionais e apresentadas por pesquisadores relacionam este parâmetro com a resistência à compressão. Assumindo o concreto como um material compósito, as suas propriedades elásticas têm dependência das propriedades elásticas e frações volumétricas das fases constituintes, especialmente da zona de transição, esta caracterizada por sua maior porosidade em relação à pasta de cimento. A partir do conhecimento das propriedades elásticas e frações de volume das fases, modelos como os de Mori-Tanaka e de três fases podem ser aplicados e apresentam bons resultados quando utilizados para análise do concreto. Neste trabalho as propriedades da zona de transição foram obtidas aplicando a inversão do modelo de três fases. Com base nestas informações, a aplicação da modelagem micromecânica foi avaliada em dois estágios: com e sem a presença da zona de transição. Comparado aos valores experimentais produzidos, percebe-se boa concordância dos valores obtidos com a modelagem micromecânica com a consideração da ITZ, principalmente para idades superiores a 15 dias, além da qualidade das aproximações de algumas expressões, como as da NBR 6118:2003 e do CEB/90

Estudou-se a prática do aleitamento materno nas mulheres com filhos menores de três anos de idade, na população de Icapara, Município de Iguape, Estado de São Paulo. Procurou-se determinar, entre as famílias selecionadas, a frequência e duração dos tipos de aleitamento do último filho, no primeiro ano de vida. Em seguida, fez-se um estudo comparativo do aleitamento do primeiro e último filhos nas mesmas famílias. Com a finalidade de situar a prática do aleitamento materno num contexto social, caracterizou-se sócio-economicamente a população estudada, privilegiando-se as atividades ocupacionais. A técnica de pesquisa empregada foi o formulário aplicado aos pais. Concluiu-se que no primeiro ano de vida, o aleitamento materno total é frequente e prolongado, enquanto que o aleitamento materno exclusivo é frequente apenas em torno do período neo-natal. O aleitamento artificial apresenta-se com frequências ascendentes, atingindo-se mais da metade das crianças ao final do período. O aleitamento misto aparece com frequências variáveis, cedendo lugar ao aleitamento materno exclusivo em torno do período neo-natal e ao aleitamento artificial na forma exclusiva, no primeiro ano de vida. Verificou-se que as frequências de aleitamento materno são, em geral, mais baixas nos último filho do que nos primogênitos. / The breast-feeding practice among women with children under 3 years of age in the population of Vila de Icapara, Iguape County, State of São Paulo, was studied. The author tried to determine the rate of occurrence and duration of different types of feeding offered to the last child of the selected families, in his first year of life. A comparative study between the feeding of the first and the last child in the same family was also carried out. In order to situate the breast-feeding practice within a social context, the chosen population was social and economically studied taking into consideration especially occupational activities. A questionnaire was applied as the researdh technique. The author concluded that, total breast-feeding is frequent and prolonged in the child\'s first year of life, while the exclusive breast-feeding is frequent only during the neo-natal period. The bottle-feeding presents a increasing occurence totalizing more than half of the children up to 1 (one) year of age. The mixed feeding varies giving ground to the exclusive breast-feeding during the neo-natal period, and to bottle-feeding (exclusively) during the child\'s first year of life.

Submitted by Inácio de Oliveira Lima Neto (inacio.neto@inpa.gov.br) on 2018-10-01T14:07:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Hevana_Santana_Lima.pdf: 5356073 bytes, checksum: b9b929af8971b38e278944467ed5d60f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-01T14:07:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Hevana_Santana_Lima.pdf: 5356073 bytes, checksum: b9b929af8971b38e278944467ed5d60f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The genus Picumnus represents a highly diverse group with relationships among species poorly resolved and taxonomic coverage incomplete. In this work, we use species of the genus Picumnus to examine two distinct aspects. In the first chapter, we examined vocal variation within Picumnus, considering all known species and subspecies available in sound archives, analyzing traits of songs in each species and subspecies. With our analyses, we aim not only to recognize species groups within the genus Picumnus, but also to elucidate the differences at the species level that could be hidden within the currently recognized species. For the second chapter, we examined two species of the genus Picumnus, inhabitants of the Amazonian lowland forests, Picumnus varzeae and Picumnus cirratus macconnelli, we analyzed whether patterns of variation in morphometric, bioacoustic and plumage characters in P. varzeae would be consistent with the hypothesis hybridization, or character displacement between these two species. In the first chapter, we found two major, distinct vocal groups within the Picumnus, the first one consisting of species with trilled sounds, fast, with a large number of notes per sound, and the second one, formed by species with tss-tss sounds, slow songs, with few notes per song, the species that formed these two groups, when compared, showed similarities to existing phylogenies of woodpeckers based on molecular data. In the second chapter, we show that P. varzeae and P. c. macconnelli are two species in fact come into contact in a narrow contact zone, about 100 km in the Óbidos region, in the Brazilian state of Pará. The variation in plumage pattern found in P. varzeae at points distant from the contact zone, would then be the result of events of phenotypic introgression between the two species and the effect of character displacement along the distribution of the P. varzeae population. This is the first study to describe the vocal variation of species of the genus Picumnus. It was also the first study to focus on the events occurring in contact zones between species of birds endemic to the Amazonian floodplain and the first case of displacement of character reported in a taxon of the Brazilian Amazon. / Estudou-se dois aspectos distintos usando espécies do gênero Picumnus. Foram utilizadas as vocalizações das espécies de Picumnus como forma de reconhecer agrupamentos dentro do gênero que permitissem ajudar no tratamento taxonômico dentro desse grupo. Também foram examinados os padrões de variação fenotípica em duas espécies de Picumnus habitantes da várzea amazônica permitindo entender os fenômenos ocorrentes entre duas espécies relacionadas quando as mesmas se encontram em uma zona de contato.

En la presente investigación se ha desarrolla la identificación de la integración de las características socioculturales y procesos educativos formales, esta vez nos centramos en un caso especifico, y nos hemos centrado en la Zona Ballivián de la ciudad de El Alto. Se puede entender que el origen de la crisis educativa radica en la deficiente gestión institucional y el empoderamiento de la sociedad sobre la importancia fundamental de coadyuvar con la educación desde diferentes ámbitos. En muchos casos, se vino ejerciendo una gestión educativa de naturaleza impositiva y autocrática, sin ningún tipo de participación social, muchos menos de la comunidad en los procesos educativos formales. La investigación principalmente ha indagado, en cómo se unifica las formas de vida en familia en los procesos de la educación formal, ha este emprendimiento los aspectos metodológicos de carácter cualitativo – etnográfico a través de los diversos métodos como la observación participante, entrevistas a profundidad e historias de vida han dado lugar a que se realice un análisis desde lo particular hasta lo general. El marco teórico centrado principalmente en lo cultural, social, y etnográfico, mediante la diversidad de posiciones de los autores ha reforzado la investigación. Sin embargo lo relevante de la presente investigación ha sido la parte de los análisis de datos, porque estas nos han permitido describir y analizar el desenvolvimiento de los adolescentes en relación a su familia y la educación formal; proceso que concluye en que las formas de vida que los adolescentes tienen y desarrollan en casa están muy distanciadas de la educación formal, lo que nos muestra la carencia de integración de estas dos instituciones, por tanto se ve como una necesidad imperiosa integrar las formas de vida de los adolescentes en la zona Ballivián con el total acontecer de lo que implica los procesos educativos formales (Escuela).

Graduation date: 1993

No description available.

No description available.

SUMMARY The problem of low back pain has been visibly increasing nowadays. About 60 - 80% of population at least once has experienced the backache. Back pain is one of the most important reason of working days loosing though there isn’t any lack of different directories and other newest literature offering the support how to prevent low back pains. Consequently the aim of the study was to test how to handle and prevent effectively back pain applying kinesitherapy and the spine stability exercise programs. The tasks were: 1. To test trunk muscle (back extensors, flexors: right-side bridge and left-side bridge) endurance before different exercises programs; 2. To test trunk muscle after different exercises programs to the subjects of the study; 3. To evaluate the intensity of the back pain before the research and after it; 4. To asses and compare the effectiveness of traditional kinesitherapy and the spine stability exercises programs. These research methods were used: trunk muscle endurance test, back pain intensity estimation and statistics, questioning to determine back problems. The subjects of the study were 30 28-60 years old women who had experienced back pain. They accidentally were divided into 2 groups. The study lasted 13 weeks. During that period 3 times a week traditional kinesitherapy program was applied to the Ist group of the subjects and the spine stability exercise program-to the IInd group. After the analysis of the study material conclusions were made:... [to full text]

Immunocontraception, or contraception mediated by the immune system, is being widely studied as an alternative, humane form of population control. The induction of an immune response against a specific component of the mammalian oocyte, termed zona pellucida (ZP) has been shown to be an effective immunocontraceptive in several species. Comparatively little work has been done investigating the use of ZP antigens in the domestic cat. This study aimed to investigate porcine ZP(B+C) and feline ZPA, B and C as immunogens in the domestic cat, and further to elucidate their effects on reproduction. Immunisation of female cats with porcine ZP(B+C) failed to elicit a detectable antibody response as assessed by ELISA, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, there was no effect on the structure of the ovaries nor on breeding performance. Feline ZPA, B and C were cloned into the pkCMVint.polyli mammalian expression vector and used to immunise female cats. ELISA revealed that immunisation with either pkCMVint.fZP(B+C) or pkCMVint.fZPA DNA (Treated) resulted in a low-level circulating antibody response, which was apparently short-lived. Immunoblotting did not reveal any common pattern of recognition of antigenic polypeptides between responding animals. Ovaries from fZP Treated animals, however, showed antibody binding specifically on the ZP of follicles from late primary / early secondary, through to antral stages. Despite the antibody binding, the overall structure of the ovaries remained unaffected in all but two of the fZP Treated cats. Two fZPA immunised cats exhibited ovaries that had no recognisable follicular structures, however, the observed abnormalities could not be conclusively linked to fZPA immunisation. Overall, a significant lymphoproliferative response was shown in fZP Treated cats when compared with Controls. Fertility was not significantly affected in fZP Treated cats, although there was a tendency towards increased incidence of unsuccessful matings or pregnancies. The fZP DNA preparations studied here exhibit potential as an immunocontraceptive, with the ability to generate a lymphoproliferative response against fZP and elicit antibodies specifically recognizing fZP in situ. Further studies should continue to investigate the immunogenicity of, and characterise the immune response against, such fZP DNA preparations.