Este documento describe una investigación realizada como trabajo final para la Especialización en Computo de Altas Prestaciones dictada en la Facultad de Informática de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata. El tema de investigación consiste en métodos y herramientas para el análisis del comportamiento de aplicaciones de alto rendimiento. Este trabajo contribuye con un resumen de la teoría de análisis de rendimiento más una descripción de las herramientas de soporte disponibles en el momento. Se propone también un proceso para analizar el rendimiento, ejemplificando su aplicación a un conjunto de núcleos de cómputo no triviales. Luego de la introducción de terminología y bases teóricas del análisis cuantitativo de rendimiento, se detalla la experiencia de utilizar herramientas para conocer donde se deberían localizar los esfuerzos de optimización. Este trabajo resume la experiencia que debe atravesar cualquier investigador en busca de las diferentes alternativas para el análisis de rendimiento; incluyendo la selección de herramientas de soporte y la definición de un procedimiento sistemático de optimización.

Risky social situations afford the chance to obtain social rewards like acceptance and belonging but also afford the chance of suffering social costs like rejection and social pain. Extant research indicates that social risk triggers approach motivations in higher self-esteem individuals (HSEs) but produces avoidance motivations in lower self-esteem individuals (LSEs; e.g., Stinson et al., 2010). However, no research has investigated the mechanisms that explain this effect: Why does social risk polarize HSEs’ and LSEs’ social motivations? I propose that self-esteem and social risk interact to activate two primal regulatory systems: the challenge-threat evaluation system and the Behavioral Activation-Inhibition Systems. I test this hypothesis by examining whether self-esteem and social risk interact to predict physiological responses consistent with these primal regulatory systems. Participants experienced either a low or high risk social situation, and heart rate reactivity was measured throughout the studies. Across two experiments, for HSEs (i.e., participants scoring one standard deviation above the sample mean), higher social risk increased heart rate reactivity, suggesting activation of challenge appraisals and the behavior activation system. For LSEs (i.e., participants scoring one standard deviation below the sample mean), higher social risk decreased heart rate reactivity, suggesting activation of threat appraisals and the behavior inhibition system. My research provides evidence that the social regulatory function of self-esteem may have developed from more primal regulatory systems, an observation that increases the comprehensiveness of current self-esteem theories. / Graduate / 0451 / 0989 / 0621 / huange@uvic.ca

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-06-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:44:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fascina_vb_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 982365 bytes, checksum: 400c764153ba0ec929d32e5ca5a543c7 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O experimento teve por objetivo avaliar a influência dos aditivos fitogênicos (AF) e ácidos orgânicos (AO), isolados ou associados, sobre a metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes da dieta bem como, avaliar o desempenho e características de carcaça de frangos de corte. Foram realizados dois ensaios em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 + 1 com cinco tratamentos sendo constituídos de dieta controle (DC); DC + AF; DC + AO; DC + AF + AO; DC + avilamicina + monensina sódica. No experimento I foram realizados dois ensaios de metabolismo para determinar os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes da dieta nas fases inicial e crescimento, utilizando 125 frangos de corte machos. No experimento II foram utilizados 2520 pintos de um dia de idade alojados em 40 unidades experimentais e, avaliou-se o desempenho e características de carcaça. Os aditivos fitogênicos e ácidos orgânicos isolados ou associados melhoram a metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes da dieta e substituem os antibióticos melhoradores de desempenho. O uso de ácidos orgânicos isoladamente ou associados aos aditivos fitogênicos em dietas de frangos de corte melhoram o desempenho das aves em relação a dietas isentas de antibióticos melhoradores de crescimento aos 42 dias de idade. Aditivos fitogênicos e ácidos orgânicos isolados e associados proporcionam melhores características de carcaça / The experiment evaluated the influence of isolated or associated phytogenics additive (FA) and organic acids (OA) on nutrient metabolization, performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Two experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with 2 x 2 + 1 factorial arrangement of treatments. There were five treatments described as follows: control diet (CD), CD+FA, CD+OA, CD+FA+OA and CD + avilamicin + monesin sodium. In the first experiment a total of 125 male broilers were divided in two metabolism trials to determine the coefficients of metabolizability of the nutrients of starter and grower diets. In the second experiment, 2520 one-day-old chicks were housed in 40 experimental units to evaluate the performance and carcass characteristics. The phytogenics additive and organic acids, isolated or combined, improve the nutrient metabolization of the diet and replace the antibiotics for growth promotion. The use of isolated organic acids or combined with phytogenics additive in diets for broilers improve the chicken performance compared with free growth promoter diets at 42 days old. Isolated or associated phytogenics additive (FA) and organic acids (OA) provided better carcass characteristics

It is widely accepted that Higher Education should provide students with a challenging experience. Research on threshold concepts provides a framework for exploring challenging content within a discipline and has contributed to understanding how to support students with conceptual difficulties. However, less is known about how individual students experience challenge and difficulty in their academic studies, in particular how they respond and feel when they become stuck. This study explores students’ experience of challenge, difficulty and stuckness, how they responded and managed challenges and any associated feelings. The study, carried out in a university in the Southwest of England, used a Qualitative Longitudinal Research design to follow 16 students through the second year of a degree for Allied Health Professionals. Data were collected using the semi-structured and email interview methods. Data were analysed longitudinally and cross-sectionally using a constant comparison process. The findings and discussion are presented using a ‘natural’ style which aims to capture the student journey over the academic year. The study found that some form of challenge, difficulty or stuckness was commonplace in the students’ educational experience. The value of challenges which create uncertainty in education is recognised, particularly where students are grappling with boundaries around knowledge. Variation in students’ experiences was partly explained by their ‘spiky profiles’ (influencing factors such as prior education and work experience) and partly by differences in factors relating to strategy use. The students were creative and resourceful in developing a range of specific and generic strategies in several areas: the use of time and space; the management of expectations and acceptance of feelings; and monitoring and reflection. The study adds to current understanding of stuckness through an examination of the liminal spaces students encountered. The discussion argues for a more nuanced and holistic approach to understanding students’ engagement with a complex cycle of challenges and strategy use, which creates a range of expectations, tensions, feelings and opportunities. It identifies implications for Higher Education practice and calls for an understanding of the impact and interconnectedness of factors influencing students. It stresses the importance of providing structures for students to explore how they learn and develop their academic practice, in addition to discipline specific knowledge and skills.

One of the important milestones in the development of a child is the transition into primary school. Unaddressed issues at the beginning of attendance can have negative impact on the later life of the individual. In the process of adaptation the child's preconditions are met with the external factors. There exists a body of research in this area, however only a fraction was based on the testimony of children themselves. The aim of this thesis is thus to map which aspects of the adaptation to school education can be grasped and described by children themselves. This thesis sums up what we know about the developmental stage of a first grader. The knowledge of prerequisites for reflecting one's own experience and its hindrances is essential. The following chapters focus on the external factors that influence the child during his or her transition into primary school. The research part focuses on how first graders perceive school and everything connected with it; its supportive and challenging aspects. The method used to collect data is a group associative verbal expression and drawing based on given questions. The children perceived as supportive mainly activities connected with play and movement. As challenging they perceived interactions with their peers, demands on discipline and pressure towards...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:26:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fiorentino_fam_me_arafcf.pdf: 993041 bytes, checksum: 1b0b8ea09b16b4f6483f4923d9584e00 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os sabonetes são preparações destinadas à higiene e conhecidos há mais de 4000 anos. São constituídos por sais de ácidos graxos com propriedades detergentes, resultantes da saponificação entre ácidos graxos superiores e seus glicerídeos à custa de um material alcalino. Podem ser incorporados com diversas substâncias que possuem algum efeito terapêutico ou preventivo sobre a pele, por facilitarem o contato de tais substâncias com o tecido alvo. Porém, isto nem sempre é possível. Por tratar-se de um tensoativo aniônico carboxilado e ter elevada alcalinidade, muitos dos materiais ou ativos a serem incorporados a este tipo de preparação podem apresentar instabilidade. Com o advento dos detergentes sintéticos tal situação pode ser contornada, e apesar de constituírem-se também em tensoativos aniônicos, e por terem origem em ácidos fortes, permitem o preparo de sabonetes líquidos não alcalinos e apresentam maior compatibilidade frente a diversos ativos. Entre as diversas possibilidades de ativos, os agentes antimicrobianos, merecem atenção especial, uma vez que encontra nos sabonetes um excelente veículo para desempenhar sua função na assepsia da pele. A clorexidina é um anti-séptico de amplo espectro de ação, sendo ativo frente a bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas, fungos, leveduras e vírus. Atua sobre a membrana celular causando perda de material intracelular, tais como ácido nucléico e potássio, inibição respiratória e coagulação citoplasmática. Pode apresentar-se na forma de diversos sais como acetato, cloridrato, gluconato e digluconato. Neste trabalho foram estudadas formulações contendo solução de digluconato de clorexidina. A solução amostra utilizada para preparação dos sabonetes foi avaliada quanto a alguns parâmetros como pH, densidade relativa, ponto de fusão, cromatografia em camada delgada, espectroscopia... / The soaps are preparation for hygiene and they are well known for 4000 years ago. They are constituited by salts of fatty acids with detergent properties, resulting from saponification of fatty acids superiorities and glycerides using an alkaline material. They may be incorporated with several substances that have a preventive or therapeutic effect on the skin, by facilitating the contact of such substances with the target tissue. However, this is not always possible. The soaps are anionic surfactant and carboxylic and they have high alkalinity, many of the materials or activities to be incorporated into this type of preparation may be instable. With the advent of synthetic detergents such situation can be avoided, and despite of they be also anionic surfactants, and are based on strong acids, allow the preparation of liquid soaps and alkali not have greater compatibility front of several assets. Among the various possibilities of active, antimicrobial agents deserve special attention, since the soap is an excellent vehicle to perform its function in the asepsis of the skin. The chlorhexidine is an antiseptic of wide spectrum of action, being active against the bacteria Gram-positive and Gram-negative, fungi, yeasts and viruses. Chlorhexidine is an excellent antiseptic of wide spectrum of action, being active against the bacteria Gram-positive and Gram-negative, fungi, yeasts and viruses. Acts on the cell membrane causing loss of intracellular material, such as nucleic acid and potassium, respiration inhibition and cytoplasmic coagulation. The salts of chlorhexidine can be acetate, hydrochloride, gluconate and digluconate. In this work formulation were studied with solution of chlorhexidine digluconate. The sample solution employed to prepare the liquid soaps was evaluated for some parameters such as pH, relative density, melting point, thin-layer chromatography... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

abstract: Turing test has been a benchmark scale for measuring the human level intelligence in computers since it was proposed by Alan Turing in 1950. However, for last 60 years, the applications such as ELIZA, PARRY, Cleverbot and Eugene Goostman, that claimed to pass the test. These applications are either based on tricks to fool humans on a textual chat based test or there has been a disagreement between AI communities on them passing the test. This has led to the school of thought that it might not be the ideal test for predicting the human level intelligence in machines. Consequently, the Winograd Schema Challenge has been suggested as an alternative to the Turing test. As opposed to deciding the intelligent behavior with the help of chat servers, like it was done in the Turing test, the Winograd Schema Challenge is a question answering test. It consists of sentence and question pairs such that the answer to the question depends on the resolution of a definite pronoun or adjective in the sentence. The answers are fairly intuitive for humans but they are difficult for machines because it requires some sort of background or commonsense knowledge about the sentence. In this thesis, I propose a novel technique to solve the Winograd Schema Challenge. The technique has three basic modules at its disposal, namely, a Semantic Parser that parses the English text (both sentences and questions) into a formal representation, an Automatic Background Knowledge Extractor that extracts the Background Knowledge pertaining to the given Winograd sentence, and an Answer Set Programming Reasoning Engine that reasons on the given Winograd sentence and the corresponding Background Knowledge. The applicability of the technique is illustrated by solving a subset of Winograd Schema Challenge pertaining to a certain type of Background Knowledge. The technique is evaluated on the subset and a notable accuracy is achieved. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters thesis defense presentation slides / Masters Thesis Computer Science 2014

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:34:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KarinK_DISSERT.pdf: 1760441 bytes, checksum: 1f006562e5e54fbb0d69c184d2961828 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-19 / The main specie of marine shrimp raised at Brazil and in the world is Litopenaeus vannamei, which had arrived in Brazil in the `80s. However, the entry of infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), causing the infectious myonecrosis disease in marine shrimps, brought economic losses to the national shrimp farming, with up to 70% of mortality in the shrimp production. In this way, the objective was to evaluate the survival of shrimps Litopenaeus vannamei infected with IMNV using the non parametric estimator of Kaplan-Meier and a model of frailty for grouped data. It were conducted three tests of viral challenges lasting 20 days each, at different periods of the year, keeping the parameters of pH, temperature, oxygen and ammonia monitored daily. It was evaluated 60 full-sib families of L. vannamei infected by IMNV in each viral challenge. The confirmation of the infection by IMNV was performed using the technique of PCR in real time through Sybr Green dye. Using the Kaplan-Meier estimator it was possible to detect significant differences (p <0.0001) between the survival curves of families and tanks and also in the joint analysis between viral challenges. It were estimated in each challenge, genetic parameters such as genetic value of family, it`s respective rate risk (frailty), and heritability in the logarithmic scale through the frailty model for grouped data. The heritability estimates were respectively 0.59; 0.36; and 0.59 in the viral challenges 1; 2; and 3, and it was also possible to identify families that have lower and higher rates of risk for the disease. These results can be used for selecting families more resistant to the IMNV infection and to include characteristic of disease resistance in L. vannamei into the genetic improvement programs / A principal esp?cie de camar?o marinho cultivado no Brasil e no mundo ? o Litopenaeus vannamei, que teve entrada no Brasil nos anos 80. Contudo, a chegada do v?rus da mionecrose infecciosa (IMNV), causador da doen?a da mionecrose infecciosa em camar?es marinhos, trouxe preju?zos econ?micos ? carcinicultura nacional, com mortalidades de at? 70% na produ??o de camar?es. Dessa maneira, objetivou-se avaliar a sobreviv?ncia de camar?es Litopenaeus vannamei infectados pelo v?rus da mionecrose infecciosa utilizando o estimador n?o param?trico de Kaplan-Meier e um modelo de fragilidade para dados grupados. Foram conduzidos tr?s testes de desafios virais com dura??o de 20 dias cada, em diferentes ?pocas do ano, mantendo-se os par?metros de pH, temperatura, oxig?nio e am?nia controlados diariamente. Foram avaliadas 60 fam?lias de irm?os completos de camar?es marinhos L. vannamei infectadas pelo IMNV em cada desafio viral. Foi feita a confirma??o da infec??o pelo IMNV atrav?s da t?cnica de PCR em tempo real utilizando o corante Sybr Green. Atrav?s do Estimador de Kaplan-Meier foi poss?vel detectar diferen?as significativas (p<0,0001) entre as curvas de sobreviv?ncia das fam?lias, entre as curvas de sobreviv?ncia entre os tanques por desafio viral e tamb?m na an?lise conjunta dos desafios virais. Foram estimados, em cada desafio, par?metros gen?ticos como o valor gen?tico de fam?lia e sua respectiva taxa de risco (fragilidade), e a herdabilidade na escala logar?tmica por meio do modelo de fragilidade para dados grupados. A herdabilidade estimada foi respectivamente 0,59; 0,36; e 0,59 nos desafios virais 1; 2; e 3; e tamb?m foi poss?vel identificar as fam?lias que possuem as menores e maiores taxas de risco para a doen?a. Esses resultados podem ser utilizados para sele??o de fam?lias mais resistentes ? infec??o pelo IMNV e a inclus?o da caracter?stica de resist?ncia ? doen?a em programas de melhoramento gen?tico de L. vannamei

Submitted by Liliane Ferreira (ljuvencia30@gmail.com) on 2018-10-08T13:02:02Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Fernanda Vieira Castejon - 2017.pdf: 1633636 bytes, checksum: 5ac5b85abaf8273f5b10ebe5577fb0e0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Rejected by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com), reason: Olhe a data da defesa e publicação. on 2018-10-09T10:43:45Z (GMT) / Submitted by Liliane Ferreira (ljuvencia30@gmail.com) on 2018-10-09T11:04:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese - Fernanda Vieira Castejon - 2017.pdf: 1633636 bytes, checksum: 5ac5b85abaf8273f5b10ebe5577fb0e0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-10-09T11:39:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese - Fernanda Vieira Castejon - 2017.pdf: 1633636 bytes, checksum: 5ac5b85abaf8273f5b10ebe5577fb0e0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-09T11:39:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese - Fernanda Vieira Castejon - 2017.pdf: 1633636 bytes, checksum: 5ac5b85abaf8273f5b10ebe5577fb0e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-12-15 / Two experiments aimed to evaluate the association between a nutritive gel and synbiotic, offered on different days and pharmaceutical formulations in face of the situations of pre-allotment fasting and sanitary challenge. At the first trial, the synbiotic supplementation associated to the nutritive gel were evaluated at the performance of broilers, nutrient metabolizability, intestinal histomorphometry, blood biochemistry, organ morphometry and carcass traits in chicks submitted to fasting. The treatments were: CN - negative control; G - nutritive gel in the hatchery; GS - synbiotic dissolved in the nutritive gel; GSS - synbiotic dissolved in the nutritive gel+synbiotic offered in drinking water on specific days and S - only synbiotic, on specific days, in the water. Significant differences were observed on 7, 21, 28 and 35 days of age, with higher values for the G, GS and GSS treatments, as well as higher metabolizable values for the ether extract. There were no differences of total intestinal length or segments, but the relative weight of some organs differed between treatments. Carcass yield were not influenced by the treatments. In the second experiment, the objective was to evaluate the synbiotic supplementation associated with nutritional gel in mortality, lesion scores, oocyst excretion, litter quality, zootechnical performance and organ morphometry in chickens challenged with E. acervulina, E tenella and E. maxima. The treatments were: CP - positive control; GSA - synbiotic dissolved in the nutritive gel in the hatchery and supply, of synbiotic in the water on specific days; GSR - synbiotic dissolved in the nutritive gel in the hatchery+ continuous use of synbiotic in the diet and SAL - anticoccidial salinomycin added in the diet. Higher absolute mortality in all treatments was observed in the third experimental week and higher total mortality was found in the CP group. No differences were found for intestinal lesions, oocyst excretion, pH and dry matter of the bed between treatments. Some differences were found between relative weight of organs at the ages evaluated. Better overall performance was observed in the SAL group. It is concluded that in the pre-accommodation fasting situation, the early supplementation of nutritive gel associated or not to the synbiotic can stimulate or contribute to the functional development of the gastrointestinal tract, which was reflected in better performance and metabolizability. Under the conditions of the second experiment, the same observed benefits of the use of the gel associated or not to the synbiotic were not observed, since no improvement could be verified in the evaluated parameters, so the use of anticoccidial in the diet should still be recommended. / Dois experimentos foram realizados com o objetivo de verificar os efeitos da associação entre um gel nutritivo fornecido no incubatório associado a um produto simbiótico frente às situações de desafios de manejo e sanitário. No primeiro experimento, avaliou-se a a suplementação de simbiótico associado ao gel nutritivo no desempenho de frangos de corte, metabolizabilidade, histomorfometria intestinal, bioquímica sanguínea, morfometria de órgãos e características de carcaça em pintos submetidos à jejum hídrico e alimentar no período pré-alojamento. Os tratamentos foram: CN – controle negativo; G – somente gel nutritivo no incubatório; GS – somente simbiótico dissolvido no gel nutritivo no incubatório; GSS - simbiótico dissolvido no gel nutritivo no incubatório e simbiótico ofertado na água de bebida, em dias específicos, e S – somente simbiótico, em dias específicos, na água dos animais. Diferenças significativas foram observadas no desempenho aos 7, 21, 28 e 35 dias de idade, em geral, com valores superiores para os tratamentos G, GS e GSS, assim como maiores valores de metabolizabilidade do extrato etéreo encontradas para os mesmos grupos. Não ocorreram diferenças no comprimento intestinal total ou segmentos, mas o peso relativo de alguns órgãos diferiram entre os tratamentos. As características de carcaça não foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos. No segundo experimento, objetivou-se avaliar a suplementação de simbiótico associado ao gel nutritivo comparados à salinomicina na mortalidade, escores de lesões, excreção de oocistos de Eimeria, qualidade da cama, desempenho zootécnico, histomorfometria intestinal e morfometria de órgãos em frangos desafiados com E. acervulina, E. tenella e E. maxima. Os tratamentos foram: CP - controle positivo; GSA – simbiótico dissolvido no gel nutritivo no incubatório e fornecimento, em dias específicos, de simbiótico na água; GSR – simbiótico dissolvido no gel nutritivo no incubatório associado ao uso contínuo de simbiótico na ração e SAL – anticoccidiano salinomicina adicionado na ração. Foi observado um aumento na mortalidade absoluta em todos os tratamentos na terceira semana experimental e maior mortalidade durante todo o período experimental no grupo CP. Não foram verificadas diferenças para lesões intestinais, excreção de oocistos, pH e matéria-seca da cama entre os tratamentos. Algumas diferenças foram encontradas entre peso relativo de órgãos nas idades avaliadas. Melhor desempenho zootécnico, de forma geral, foi observado no grupo SAL. Conclui-se que na situação de jejum pré-alojamento, a suplementação precoce de gel nutritivo associado ou não ao simbiótico pode estimular e/ou contribuir para o desenvolvimento funcional do trato-gastrintestinal, o que se refletiu em melhor desempenho e metabolizabilidade. Já nas condições do segundo experimento, os mesmos benefícios observados do uso do gel associado ou não ao simbiótico não foram observados, uma vez que não pôde ser verificado melhoria nos parâmetros avaliados, de forma que o uso de anticoccidiano na ração ainda deve ser recomendado.

Vírus da raiva provenientes de 23 morcegos de espécies hematófagas, frugívoras e insetívoras foram caracterizados geneticamente pelo seqüenciamento completo da região que codifica a nucleoproteína N. A análise filogenética das seqüências, incluindo lyssavirus e isolados de morcegos do Chile e Estados Unidos, mostrou que os diferentes isolados do vírus da raiva foram de modo geral segregados em quatro grupos genéticos distintas: morcegos hematófagos, morcegos insetívoros 1, 2 e 3. Os morcegos insetívoros 1 constituiram-se por isolados de Eptesicus furinalis: BR-EF1, BR-EF2, BREF3, BR-EF-4, BR-EA1 e BR-NL2; os morcegos insetívoros 2 consistiram de isolados de Molosssus spp: BR-MM1, BR-MM2 e BR- MA1 e os morcegos insetívoros 3 isolados de Nictinomops laticaudatus: BR-NL1 e BR-NL3. A homologia de nucleotídeos entre cada grupo de morcegos insetívoros 1, 2 e 3 foi maior que 99%, 97% e 99%, respectivamente. O grupo de morcegos hematófagos foi representado pelos isolados de: 3 morcegos hematófagos Desmodus rotundus (BR-DR1, BR-DR2 e BR-DR3); 5 morcegos frugívoros Artibeus lituratus BR-AL1, BR-AL2, BR-AL3, BR-AL4 e Artibeus planirostris BRAP1; 2 morcegos insetívoros (BR-MR1 e BR-EA2) e 2 de espécies não identificadas (BR-BAT1 e BR-BAT2). Entre as amostras seqüenciadas foram selecionadas cinco (BR-EF1, BR-NL1, BR-AL3, BR-MM1, BR-DR1) e um isolado de cão (BR-C) para os estudos de patogenicidade em camundongos albinos suíços inoculados pela vias intracerebral (IC) e intramuscular (IM). Todas as amostras quando inoculadas em camundongos pela via IC apresentaram-se patogênicas, provocando a morte dos mesmos num período de 4 a 14 dias pós-inoculação. No entanto, 500DLIC50 das mesmas amostras inoculadas pela via IM levaram a uma mortalidade de camundongos de: 60% (BR-DR1); 50% (BR-C, BR-NL); 40% (BR- AL3); 9,5% (BR-MM1); 5,2% (BR-EF10). As mesmas amostras foram utilizadas para a verificação de proteção cruzada, conferida por vacina comercial de uso animal, de camundongos que receberam uma ou duas doses de vacina pela via subcutânea (SC) e desafiados pelas vias IC e IM. Camundongos inoculados com duas doses de vacina foram protegidos quando desafiados pela via IC, com todas as amostras testadas. Quando os camundongos receberam uma dose da mesma vacina houve proteção parcial daqueles desafiados com as amostras de vírus PV e BR-C. Houve proteção de 100% dos camundongos desafiados pela via IM, com exceção daqueles vacinados com uma dose de vacina e desafiados com a amostra PV que apresentaram um índice de 66% de sobreviventes. Os resultados indicam a possibilidade de existir variantes do vírus da raiva espécies específicas circulando em morcegos. Sugerem ainda, que espécies de morcegos hematófagos, frugívoros e insetívoros compartilham o mesmo polimorfismo de vírus. A vacina comercial contra a raiva contendo vírus inativado e de uso veterinário protegeu os camundongos contra o desafio com as diferentes amostras testadas, sugerindo que as vacinas usualmente utilizadas são efetivas no tratamento profilático da raiva transmitida por morcegos, apesar da marcada diferença de neurovirulência dos diferentes isolados quando inoculados em camundongos pela via IM. / Twenty-three rabies viruses isolated from hematophagous, frugivorous and insectivorous bats were characterized genetically by complete sequencing of the region coding the nucleoprotein N. The phylogenetic analysis of the sequences, including the lyssavirus and the bat isolates from Chile and USA revealed that the isolates were segregated into four distinct genetic lineages: those related to the vampire bats and to the insectivorous bats 1, 2 and 3. The isolates related to the insectivorous bats 1 were from the Eptesicus furinalis: BR-EF1, BR- EF2, BREF3, BR-EF-4, BR-EA1 e BR-NL2; those of the insectivorous bats2 included the isolates from Molosssus spp: BR-MM1, BR-MM2 and BR-MA1 and the group 3, by the isolates from the Nictinomops laticaudatus: BR-NL1 and BR-NL3. The homology among each group of the insectivorous bats 1, 2 and 3 were greater than 99%, 97% and 99%, respectively. The lineage related to vampire bats was represented by three isolates from the D. rotundus (BR-DR1, BR-DR2 e BR-DR3); five from the fruit bats Artibeus lituratus (BR-AL1, BR-AL2, BR-AL3, BR-AL4) and Artibeus planirostris (BRAP1); two from insectivorous bats (BR-MR1 and BR-EA2) and two from unidentified species (BR-BAT1 and BR-BAT2). Among the sequenced amples, five bat isolates (BR-EF1, BR-NL1, BR-AL3, BR-MM1, BR- DR1) and one dog isolate (BR-C) were selected for the study of their pathogenicity in Swiss mice, inoculating through intracerebral (IC) and intramuscular (IM) routes. All the isolates, when inoculated via IC, were pathogenic, provoking death in 4 - 14 post inoculation days. However, mice inoculated with 500ICLD50 of the same isolates through IM route were found with different death rates: 60.0% (BR-DR1); 50.0% (BR-C, BR-NL); 40.0% (BR-AL3); 9.5% (BR-MM1) and 5.2% (BR-EF10). The same isolates were used for the assessment of cross protection conferred by a commercial vaccine of veterinary use. The mice were vaccinated subcutaneously, receiving either one or two shots of vaccine, and challenged through IC and IM routes. Mice receiving two shots were protected against all the isolates, when challenged intracerebrally. Mice receiving one shot were found only partially protected against the challenge with the fixed PV strain and BR-C isolate. Mice challenged intramuscularly showed 100.0% of protection, with the exception of those vaccinated with one dose and challenged with PV strain, which were found with 66.0% of survivors. These results indicate the possibility of the existence of rabies virus variants circulating in different species of bat population. The data also suggest that the vampires, frugivorous and insectivorous bats share the same lineage of rabies viruses. The commercial vaccine has protected the mice against the challenge with different rabies virus isolates, suggesting that the vaccines usually employed in the field are effective, although some marked difference in neurovirulence by IM inoculation was found among the isolates tested.