Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-11-30T12:55:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Augusto Maciel da Silva_.pdf: 1672347 bytes, checksum: 986db745d9eae541bd350af8e1542664 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-30T12:55:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Augusto Maciel da Silva_.pdf: 1672347 bytes, checksum: 986db745d9eae541bd350af8e1542664 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-03 / CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Este trabalho aborda o tema do cativeiro a partir dos casos de aprisionamento de indígenas e hispano-criollos ocorridos nos territórios ao sul de Buenos Aires ao longo do século XVIII. Ainda que a tomada de cativos entre as parcialidades aborígenes pudesse existir antes mesmo da chegada dos espanhóis, foram estes últimos os que mais fizeram prisioneiros. Assim, inserindo estas capturas no contexto do avanço colonial, procuramos examinar os motivos e os argumentos utilizados pelos espanhóis para justificar tais prisões, bem como investigamos os destinos aos quais as populações autóctones eram encaminhadas. Junto a isso, tentamos nos aproximar de uma perspectiva que explique o papel do rapto e do cativeiro para as sociedades nativas que aqui estudamos. Em relação ao que era praticado pelos índios, propomos isolar o rapto do cativeiro, e abordamos cada questão a partir de suas próprias especificidades. Para os hispânicos, a apreensão de prisioneiros indígenas tinha objetivos oficiais voltados à conversão, segurança e aquisição de novas terras; entre os indígenas, o rapto complementaria práticas econômicas familiares. Enquanto para os primeiros o cativeiro em si vinha a ser uma consequência decorrente dos ataques realizados contra os nativos, para estes, o cativeiro era a própria finalidade da apreensão. / This study addresses the captivity theme, based on the Indians and hispanic-criollo imprisonment cases, that occurred throughout the 18th century, in the South of Buenos Aires. Despite the fact that the imprisonment of captives could exist between the Indians parties even before the Spaniards' arrival, were the latter that held more prisoners. Therefore, inserting those captures in the context of colonial advance, we look to explore the reasons and arguments used by the Spaniards to justify such captures, as well as investigate the destinations where the indigenous population were routed. In addition, we try to approach from a perspective that explain the abduction and captivity role for the native societies studied here. Regarding to what was practiced by the Indians, we propose to segregate the abduction from captivity, and approach each issue from their own particularities. For the hispanic, the capture of indigenous prisioners had official objectives, directed to the conversion, safety and acquisition of new land. Among the natives, the capture would complement family economic practices. The captivity itself would come to be an outcome, resulting from the attacks conducted against the natives for the first, but for these, the captivity was the own purpose of imprisonment.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-10-04T16:54:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Fernandes Araújo.pdf: 4836297 bytes, checksum: b5494ad675ee0939328a959f51f5641d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T16:54:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Fernandes Araújo.pdf: 4836297 bytes, checksum: b5494ad675ee0939328a959f51f5641d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-27 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo / This thesis comes from inquietudes concerning the ways of building knowledge through communicative processes either mediative or interactive, as well as the imaginary beings’ visual configuration. An example is the deformation of witchcraft into sorcery by the Christian inquisitors’ speeches, and the meaning variations the word “Sabbath” assumes in its etymological biography. During the research, we have observed that imaginary beings come up as communicative ambivalences or double binds that give rise transcontextual leaps towards abductive inferences, the birth of novel ideas. However, the instrumental epistemology of today’s communicologies, predominantly deductivist and transmissive, does not allow us approaching such ambivalences without the risk of amputating them. That is why we have sought another epistemological experimentation, which we call oblique. The core problem is to understand how the oblique sight of communication epistemology gets constituted since the articulation of concepts and ideas, and the resonance between ideas and traces. Our hypotheses suggest: the imaginary operates as a propagation of concepts and a provocation of ideas; ideas and concepts cooperate for the continuity of their semiotic configurations and the making of imaginaries; the oblique epistemology gets constituted since synchrodiachronic tracking to give rise events among ideas and concepts. Our epistemological object is the flows of resonance present in ambivalences. We pick up as empirical object: how the media show the monsters in their synchrodiachronic variations (corpus: cyborgs, aliens, witches, vampires, werewolves, dragons and feng-shuis). The overall objective is to contribute to another epistemology to the scientific field of communication and the definition of its scientific object, assuming as specific targets: to examine the dynamic concept-trace-idea and the proposal of an oblique epistemology; to detect underlying meaning bonds in ambivalences; to infer political consequences of synchrodiachronic resonances. The theoretical foundation comes from the dialogism between the notions of abduction and synechism, by Charles Peirce, and double bind and deuterolearning, by Gregory Bateson. Our methodological strategy follows the semiotic archeology of tracking to reconstruct the potential bonds of meaning among ambivalences. This experiment takes part in the discussions on communication epistemology and new communicologies. It also offers in contribution an epistemological proposal as renewal disposition to know cross discursive territories as if we were drones in swirls, by considering different phenomena in their controversies and witnessing those heterogeneous moments in which we invent and discard inventions. Eventually, knowing how to interweave us in speeches already constituted by the feasibility of new constitutions of understanding / Esta tese parte de inquietações acerca dos modos de conhecimentos oriundos dos processos comunicacionais mediativos e interativos, bem como da configuração visual de seres imaginários: exemplo disso é a deformação da bruxaria em feitiçaria pelos discursos pejorativos dos inquisidores cristãos, e as variações de significação que a palavra “sabá” assume em seu percurso etimológico. Durante a pesquisa, observamos que seres imaginários se caracterizam como ambivalência comunicativa ou duplo vínculo interpretativo, ensejando saltos transcontextuais rumo a inferências abdutivas, ou seja, ao nascimento de novas ideias. Contudo, a vigente epistemologia instrumental da comunicação, de caráter predominantemente dedutivista e transmissivo, não nos dá condições de abordar tais ambivalências sem o risco de amputá-las; daí porque buscamos outra experimentação epistemológica, que chamamos de oblíqua. O problema central é compreender como se constitui o olhar oblíquo da epistemologia da comunicação, a partir da articulação entre conceitos e ideias, e da ressonância entre ideias e rastros. Nossas hipóteses sugerem: o imaginário opera como propagação de conceitos e provocação de ideias; ideias e conceitos cooperam entre si na continuidade de suas configurações semióticas e efetivação de imaginários; a epistemologia oblíqua se constitui como rastreamento sincrodiacrônico, a fim de ensejar acontecimentos entre sistemas de ideias e conceitos. Nosso objeto epistemológico são os fluxos de ressonância presentes nas ambivalências, e daí recortamos o objeto empírico: como as mídias mostram os monstros em variações sincrodiacrônicas (corpus de análise: ciborgues, alienígenas, bruxas, vampiros, lobisomens, fengchuis e dragões). O objetivo geral é contribuir com outra epistemologia ao campo científico da comunicação e à definição de seu objeto científico, assumindo como objetivos específicos: examinar a dinâmica conceito-rastro-ideia e a proposta de uma epistemologia oblíqua; detectar vínculos de significação ainda latentes nas ambivalências; inferir consequências políticas das ressonâncias sincrodiacrônicas. A fundamentação teórica se baseia no dialogismo entre os conceitos de abdução e sinequismo, de Charles Sanders Peirce, e de duplo vínculo e deuteroaprendizagem, de Gregory Bateson. A estratégia metodológica pauta-se na arqueologia semiótica do rastreamento, com vistas a reconstituir os potenciais vínculos significantes entre ambivalências. Tal experimento se insere nos debates sobre epistemologia da comunicação e novas comunicologias, e oferece em contribuição uma proposta epistemológica como disposição outra para sabermos cruzar territórios discursivos como se fôssemos drones em redemoinhos, considerando distintos fenômenos em suas controvérsias, e testemunhando aqueles momentos em que heterogeneamente inventamos e descartamos invenções; sabermos, enfim, entremear-nos em discursos já instituídos pela viabilização de novas constituições do entendimento

Esta dissertação pretende ser uma apresentação de dois sistemas de pensamento que implicaram em mudanças profundas, primeiro no quadro da poesia brasileira de matriz visual (no caso, aquelas influenciadas pelo desenvolvimento da poesia concreta) e devido a isso no desenvolvimento da ideia de Tradução Intersemiótica como elaborada por Julio Plaza. Os sistemas de pensamento em questão são a Semiótica, ou Teoria geral dos signos, desenvolvida por Charles Sanders Peirce, e o método ideogrâmico apoiado na ideia de Paideuma, como desenvolvido por Ezra Pound, apoiado na obra de dois antecessores, o sinólogo Ernest Francisco Fenollosa e o etnólogo Leo Viktor Frobenius. Plaza, artista plástico espanhol com formação múltipla, engajou-se ao vir viver no Brasil no quadro dos colaboradores do grupo ligado à poesia concreta em São Paulo e passou a desenvolver também uma arte híbrida, anfíbia, entre o verbo e o visual, de certa forma refletindo aquilo que chamou de \"oscilação de consciência entre arte e vida, entre poética e política\". Esta mesma oscilação marca a vida e a obra de Ezra Pound, poeta que exerceu enorme influência no desenrolar da poesia concreta. Ao adentrar a vida acadêmica, Plaza passaria a dedicar-se aos estudos da tradução, mas de um tipo diferente de tradução. Equalizando o paideuma e o método ideogrâmico à semiótica, Plaza desenvolveu uma obra teórica que ombreia sua produção artística. Nosso trabalho trata, como seu título indica, da transformação ocorrida no artista (em Pound, em Plaza, e em outros) quando este passa a dedicar-se à produção entre-signos ou intersígnica. A semiótica de Peirce nos serve de guia para o percurso. / This dissertation aims to present two systems of thought that implied profound changes, firstly in the Brazilian concrete poetry panorama and due to this in the development of the idea of Intersemiotic Translation as elaborated by Julio Plaza. The systems of thought in question are Semiotics, or the General Theory of Signs, as developed by Charles Sanders Peirce, and the ideogramic method endorsed by the concept of Paideuma as developed by Ezra Pound, sustained by the work of two forerunners, the sinologist Ernest Francisco Fenollosa and the ethnologist Leo Viktor Frobenius. Plaza, a Spanish artist with multiple training, when he came to live in Brazil he got involved with the group linked to the movement of concrete poetry in São Paulo, then he began to develop a hybrid and amphibian art, somewhere between the verb and the visual, in a certain way reflected in what he called the \"oscillation of consciousness between art and life, between poetics and politics\". This same oscillation marks the life and works of Ezra Pound, a poet who exerted enormous influence in the development of Brazilian concrete poetry. When Plaza entered the academic life, he would dedicate himself to the studies of translation, but to a different sort of translation. Equalizing the paideuma and the ideogramic method with semiotics, Plaza developed a theoretical work that stands alongside with his own artistic production. This research deals, as its title suggests, with the transformation that took place in the artist (whether Pound or Plaza or any other) when he/she happens to dedicate him/herself to intersemiotic composition. Peirce\' semiotics guides us along this path.

A principal purpose of this thesis is to present an economic evaluation of ecosystems. The concept of ecosystem health is adopted to ascertain the status of ecosystems. Ecosystem health is considered in part an economic concept and defined as a function of utility through the ecosystem services that satisfy various needs, subject to preserving the integrity of the adaptive cycle. In order to quantify the utility supplied by ecosystem services the novel utility index Ecosystem Outcome Protection Year (ECOPY) is developed. By forming this index, an evaluation can be performed using cost utility analysis, which avoids monetizing these benefits. An attempt is made to ascertain an appropriate approach for ecosystem management. It is reasoned that expert intuition can determine some kind of macro-regularities in ecosystems despite their complex dynamics. Hence, these inferences could be used for ecosystem management. Adaptive co-management is introduced as a means to bring about the collaboration of experts as resource co-managers. The concept of informed intuition is developed to bring about a systematic approach to learning and evaluation where the mental models of experts are transcribed using fuzzy cognitive mapping. However, it is argued that ecosystems as complex adaptive systems are non-ergodic and full of surprises. Accordingly, abduction, the logic of creative conjecture is systematically developed, for the purposes of maintaining mental model flexibility. This systematic application of abduction with an informed intuition forms the proposed abductive process of research, which is grounded in Shacklean potential surprise, a non-probabilistic function. To demonstrate this novel research process, a post-classical economic evaluation of Te Waihora lake ecosystem is undertaken, which employs the ECOPY index and potential surprise method. This empirical case study reveals various cost-effective management actions for improving lake health, which went beyond the intuitions of resource co-managers. This indicated the potential of the approach, which is considered a significant contribution for the methodological development of ecosystem management.

Ce travail présente une analyse cognitive sur les rapports entre argumentation et démonstration. L'hypothèse de départ est que la recherche en didactique sur la démonstration a besoin, pour progresser, de comprendre la nature et la complexité de cette notion en la replaçant dans le référentiel de l'activité rationnelle de l'élève : comment il décide, fait des choix, valide. Nous commençons par proposer une caractérisation de l'argumentation et de la démonstration en mathématiques. Les théories linguistiques contemporaines nous permettent d'avancer l'hypothèse que la démonstration est une argumentation particulière et nous a conduits à proposer le modèle de Toulmin comme outil méthodologique pour leur comparaison. Cette comparaison est faite selon deux points de vue : la structure, et le système de référence. D'une part, une analyse structurelle de l'argumentation et de la démonstration permet de rendre compte de certaines continuités ou écarts nécessaires pour passer d'une argumentation à une démonstration (d'une argumentation abductive à une démonstration déductive, d'une argumentation inductive à une démonstration par récurrence, etc.). D'autre part, il est possible, au moyen de ce modèle, de prendre en compte les énoncés mobilisés par les élèves pendant l'argumentation pour les comparer avec les théorèmes utilisés pendant la démonstration. La continuité ou l'écart du système de référence, conception ou théorie, s'appuie sur cette comparaison. Nous avons mis en place un dispositif expérimental afin de montrer comment analyser les productions des élèves avec le modèle de Toulmin, et afin d'éclairer et de comprendre les rapports cognitifs entre argumentation et démonstration. Nous avons proposé trois problèmes de géométrie demandant la construction d'une conjecture (pour la production d'une argumentation) et la construction d'une démonstration. Les résultats obtenus permettent de proposer une analyse cognitive de l'argumentation et de la démonstration à partir de l'analyse structurelle et celle du système de référence.

Study Design: Cross-sectional. Background: Although decreased hip abduction and lateral rotation strength has been found in females with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), few studies have included males. Aim: To determine if hip abduction and lateral rotation strength is decreased in males with PFPS. Methods: Eight males participated. Isometric hip abduction and external rotation strength was measured with a hand-held dynamometer. Four subjects had unilateral patellofemoral pain (mean age = 26.5 ± 7.5 years) and 4 asymptomatic subjects were controls (mean age = 23 ± 6.4 years). The recorded measurements from the symptomatic legs were compared with the asymptomatic legs, and also with the controls. Results: No significant differences in hip abduction or lateral rotation strength were found between the symptomatic and asymptomatic legs of male subjects with PFPS. The PFPS subjects did not have generally weaker hip strength compared with the asymptomatic controls. Conclusion: Males with PFPS do not appear to have decreased hip abduction and lateral rotation strength. However, the sample size was too small for conclusions to be drawn. This study can be used as a preliminary step in gathering evidence about factors affecting PFPS in males, which may in turn shed light on appropriate clinical treatments.

Study Design: Methodological study. Objectives: To examine the agreement and validity of using observational risk screening guidelines to evaluate ACL injury risk factors. Background: Post-pubescent females have an increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury compared with their male counterparts partly due to their high-risk landing and cutting strategies. There are currently no scientifically-tested methods to screen for these high risk strategies in the clinic or on the field. Methods and Measures: Three physiotherapists used observational risk screening guidelines to rate the neuromuscular characteristics of 40 adolescent female soccer players. Drop jumps were rated as high risk or low risk based on the degree of knee abduction. Side hops and side cuts were rated on the degree of lower limb 'reaching'. Ratings were evaluated for intrarater and interrater agreement using kappa coefficients. 3D motion analysis was used as a gold standard for determining the validity of ratings. Results: Acceptable intrarater and interrater agreement (k≥0.61) were attained for the drop jump and the side hop, with kappa coefficients ranging from 0.64 to 0.94. Acceptable sensitivity (≥0.80) was attained for the side hop and the side cut, with values ranging from 0.88 to 1.00. Acceptable specificity (≥0.50) was attained for the drop jump, with values ranging from 0.64 to 0.72. Conclusion: Observational risk screening is a practical and cost-effective method of screening for ACL injury risk. Based on levels of agreement and sensitivity, the side hop appears to be a suitable screening task. Agreement was acceptable for the drop jump but its validity needs further investigation.

No abstract available.

Study Design: Methodological study. Objectives: To examine the agreement and validity of using observational risk screening guidelines to evaluate ACL injury risk factors. Background: Post-pubescent females have an increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury compared with their male counterparts partly due to their high-risk landing and cutting strategies. There are currently no scientifically-tested methods to screen for these high risk strategies in the clinic or on the field. Methods and Measures: Three physiotherapists used observational risk screening guidelines to rate the neuromuscular characteristics of 40 adolescent female soccer players. Drop jumps were rated as high risk or low risk based on the degree of knee abduction. Side hops and side cuts were rated on the degree of lower limb 'reaching'. Ratings were evaluated for intrarater and interrater agreement using kappa coefficients. 3D motion analysis was used as a gold standard for determining the validity of ratings. Results: Acceptable intrarater and interrater agreement (k≥0.61) were attained for the drop jump and the side hop, with kappa coefficients ranging from 0.64 to 0.94. Acceptable sensitivity (≥0.80) was attained for the side hop and the side cut, with values ranging from 0.88 to 1.00. Acceptable specificity (≥0.50) was attained for the drop jump, with values ranging from 0.64 to 0.72. Conclusion: Observational risk screening is a practical and cost-effective method of screening for ACL injury risk. Based on levels of agreement and sensitivity, the side hop appears to be a suitable screening task. Agreement was acceptable for the drop jump but its validity needs further investigation.

[Truncated abstract] Hallux valgus (HV) is one of the most common foot deformities encountered in clinical practice. This complex deformity primarily affects the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MPJ), leading to altered foot structure and function. By virtue of the lateral displacement of the hallux on the first metatarsal, HV has the potential to influence adjacent joints of the foot. In doing so, function of the foot may be altered, and clinically this may result in abduction of the foot during the stance phase of gait. However the relationship between an abducted angle of gait (AOG) and HV has never been substantially examined. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between HV and AOG, and determine if specific radiographic features are associated with the deformity or with a particular AOG. Such information would assist in understanding aetiological factors and the effects of intervention to treat the deformity ... Length and elevation of the first metatarsal were associated in subjects with HV, implying that length of the metatarsal may be related to whether or not it becomes elevated (R: 0.50, CI: 0.21, 0.71, P< 0.05). Similarly, an association was found between length of the first metatarsal and the amount of first MPJ dorsiflexion, suggesting perhaps length of the metatarsal has implications for first MPJ range of motion (R: -0.37, CI: -0.62, -0.04, P<0.05). However the amount of first MPJ dorsiflexion did not influence the AOG in HV subjects when compared to the control group. First MPJ dorsiflexion was also associated with the first intermetatarsal angle. Interestingly, the HV group alone did not show an association between the hallux abductus angle and the first intermetatarsal angle. The findings of this study are contrary to those suspected in clinical practice and alluded to in the literature. Despite the documented support for the biomechanical causes of HV, an abducted AOG was not significantly different in HV subjects when compared to controls. Possible explanations may have related to limitations of the present study including the size and gender demographics of the sample population, and greater variability in normal AOG ranges than reported in the literature. The present study indicated a possible need to gather information regarding foot dominance and leg length; factors extrinsic to the foot capable of influencing transverse plane orientation of the foot; and, the influence of symptoms and subsequent compensatory mechanisms adopted during gait.