Sleepwalk, Dance, Repeat is a one-act play with existentialist themes such as absurdity, death, and authenticity. Existentialism deals with subjective human experience in a meaningless, incomprehensible world. We are condemned to label everything around us, but the world is such that we can never be satisfied with our labels because they do not capture individuality. Everyone, to some degree, feels the need to understand what's going on, but we are always missing some piece of the puzzle. Thus, absurdity is the normal state of affairs for us. It is the result of our trying to comprehend the incomprehensible. The protagonist, Rose, is an existentialist hero in that she gradually accepts the inability to comprehend. My goal in writing this play was to breathe new life into existentialist ideas and introduce them to others in a way that sparks significant introspection.

Sleepwalk, Dance, Repeat is a one-act play with existentialist themes such as absurdity, death, and authenticity. Existentialism deals with subjective human experience in a meaningless, incomprehensible world. We are condemned to label everything around us, but the world is such that we can never be satisfied with our labels because they do not capture individuality. Everyone, to some degree, feels the need to understand what's going on, but we are always missing some piece of the puzzle. Thus, absurdity is the normal state of affairs for us. It is the result of our trying to comprehend the incomprehensible. The protagonist, Rose, is an existentialist hero in that she gradually accepts the inability to comprehend. My goal in writing this play was to breathe new life into existentialist ideas and introduce them to others in a way that sparks significant introspection.

In this thesis, I argue for the viability of Wilhelm Dilthey’s theory of world-views as a form of meta-philosophy by defending its response to the challenge of history that arose in Germany in the second half of the nineteenth century. I show that Dilthey’s account of philosophy as a universal activity that is rooted in our psychological need for stability successfully integrates history’s insight into the contingency and plurality of philosophical systems without abandoning their truthfulness or tradition. To demonstrate and qualify the success of Dilthey’s theory, I apply it to Albert Camus’ The Myth of Sisyphus which I argue fails to sufficiently address its own historical contingency when it presents its account of and response to the problem of absurdity as a descriptive fact of critical consciousness. I show that Dilthey’s concept of reflective historical consciousness has the necessary resources to overcome Camus’ lack of reflection upon historical contingency. I argue further that Camus’ work reveals the inadequacy of Dilthey’s typology of philosophical world-views by resisting classification by its categories. My thesis therefore contributes to contemporary work on meta-philosophy by showing that Dilthey’s theory of world-views, while limited by its typologies, offers its history of philosophy as a viable form of meta-philosophy. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA) / In this thesis, I aim to clarify how philosophy should attune itself to historical knowledge by analyzing Wilhelm Dilthey’s theory of world-views. More specifically, I aim to investigate the utility of Dilthey’s theory as a response to history’s insight into the contingent nature of philosophy. I argue that Dilthey’s view of philosophy as a natural extension of our psychological need for stability is capable of accounting for the contingency and plurality of philosophical systems without sacrificing philosophy’s claim to a unique and universal essence. To support my argument, I use Albert Camus’ The Myth of Sisyphus as a characteristic case of philosophy failing to incorporate historical knowledge and show that Dilthey’s theory can overcome this failure through its account of reflective historical consciousness.

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In its complexity, human existence cannot be systematised and generalised into a compact concept. Existentialists are those who devoted themselves to Human individuality and phenomena fundamentally related, such as life, death, freedom, absurdity etc. However, considering the specifics of the philosophy of existentialism, it is not possible to only consider philosophers as the only bearers of this intellectual approach, but it is necessary to include certain individuals of world literature in this movement. The concept of human existence has transformed itself in various ways in their philosophy and works. Once it was dominated by the existence of God, to whom it was necessary to set one's mind on, at other times it was thrown into the bleakness and futility of a world without hope. However, the central topic was the same in each of them, the subject that is closest to us people, however, the subject that will always be the great unknown, regardless of the genial thoughts of Sören Kierkegaard, Martin Heidegger, Fjodor Michajlovič Dostojevsky and Albert Camus - the topic of mankind and its place in the world.

O exílio é um tema recorrente, embora pouco explorado, em Albert Camus. Sua obra é organizada em dois ciclos de criação: o absurdo e a revolta. Apesar de situado pelo autor no ciclo da revolta, propõe-se neste trabalho uma nova leitura de La Peste, obra que permite captar em um único texto a multiplicidade da temática do exílio em Camus, caracterizando-a como livro de transição entre esses dois conceitos, com a lucidez como elemento comum. O homem absurdo se percebe como tal pela consciência que tem de seu universo. Para o homem revoltado, a lucidez permite o combate. Em La Peste, o exílio, sob três aspectos, físico-social, psicológico e metafísico, integra a condição humana metafísica, em contraponto à condição histórica, tornando possível compreender tanto sua perspectiva como a do reino neste autor. / Exile is a recurring subject, though little explored, in Albert Camus. His work is organized in two creation phases: absurdity and rebellion. Even though situated by the author in the rebellion phase, this work proposes a new reading of La Peste, which allows seizing in only one text the thematic multiplicity of exile in Camus, characterizing it as a book of transition between these two concepts, with lucidity as their common feature. The absurd man thus perceives himself by means of the conscience he has of its universe. For the rebellious man, lucidity allows struggle. In La Peste, exile, under three aspects, physical-social, psychological and metaphysical, integrates the metaphysical human condition, in counterpoint to the historical condition, making it possible to understand its perspective, as well as the perspective of the kingdom, in this author.

Access to new forms, conduct and practices of educational research remain elusive providing researchers stay within the narrow theoretical constructs�the static, single vista of conventional research models. This dissertation presents the findings of an experimental study that aims to extend the discourse of educational research through a 'performative ethnographic analysis' by using a single-site case study approach. The case study is an analytical parody based on multiple discourse relevant to a 'new' and different approach to educational research so that a more comprehensive and complex process of reading and writing text becomes possible. Throughout this process, a generative methodology and interpretative base are anticipated to provide a metaphoric focus for a critical dialogue. The discourse informing the theoretical and interpretative base of the study include philosophy, science, visual arts, literary theory, critical postructuralist theory and theatre performance. The data are presented as a series of performance narratives in the form of socio-drama, interspersed with critical reflection that enables the researcher, the research participant and reader to become part of a triadic construct. The findings from this study have major implications for informing contemporary educational research, as they demonstrate that by approaching research in 'new' and different ways, the researcher and the educational community have access to insights that are unavailable within the constraints of conventional models of research.

Submitted by Lorena Matos (lorenabmatos@gmail.com) on 2018-03-23T22:00:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Lorena Matos_EAESP.pdf: 2453987 bytes, checksum: a5e901a808bbd3e36f425bf1bcbf8de8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Debora Nunes Ferreira (debora.nunes@fgv.br) on 2018-03-26T18:02:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Lorena Matos_EAESP.pdf: 2453987 bytes, checksum: a5e901a808bbd3e36f425bf1bcbf8de8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-03-27T12:30:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Lorena Matos_EAESP.pdf: 2453987 bytes, checksum: a5e901a808bbd3e36f425bf1bcbf8de8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-27T12:30:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Lorena Matos_EAESP.pdf: 2453987 bytes, checksum: a5e901a808bbd3e36f425bf1bcbf8de8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / Dysfunctional bureaucracy is a major challenge for developing countries like Brazil today. There are innumerable problems, among which the lack of effectiveness, inefficiency, and absurd contexts that lead to stress, suffering and burn-out are highlighted. Although such organizations have received attention from the area of Administration and Organizational Studies, the studies related to coping with absurd contexts are very incipient. More rare are the empirical studies that analyse the daily life of people who face such situations. In order to address such gaps, this research is based on an empirical study carried out in a 15-month period (October 2015 to December 2016) of data collection through 50 interviews, conversations and daily observation of managers of research, development and innovation (R&D&I) projects in the largest company in the electric sector in Brazil. Secondary data and documents were also collected. The goal of this research is to develop theory about the absurd in bureaucratic organizations. This research contributes to the development of academic knowledge in two aspects: first, from the theoretical point of view, when dealing with absurdity in a bureaucratic organizational context, a subject not much discussed; second, from a practical point of view, to deepen the knowledge about the daily life of managers, and to bring elements that allow to rethink several of the daily challenges of these managers. Data was analyzed through an iterative thematic analysis. Through this I identified that the organizational context is complex and involves: (1) Bureaucracy; (2) Multiples cultures; (3) Leadership changes and the lack of sensegiver; (4) R&D&I colliding with organizational routine; (5) Personality in the processes; (6) Informality and non-registration of activities; (7) Politics. The data theory presents that the absurd is understood from the notions of: (a) Environment of contradictions; (b) Fear and guilt; and (c) Loneliness. The consequences of the absurd experience in the context studied involve: (i) Emotional work; (ii). Turnover; (iii) Non-implementation of projects; (iv) Metamorphosis of the sense of innovation; (v) Loss of sense of innovation; and (vi) Inaction. In answering the proposed research question, the contributions of this thesis are: (i) the elaboration of a working definition for absurdity; (ii) contribution to the practice of innovation management in the Brazilian electric sector, based on the reflection of its innovation dynamics. The theory generated is under construction and reflects the interpretation of a particular researcher. The effort of this research is expected to stimulate researchers in the continuity of research into the absurd in bureaucratic organizations. / Burocracias disfuncionais são um grande desafio para países em desenvolvimento como o Brasil hoje. Existem inúmeros problemas, entre os quais se destacam a falta de eficácia, a ineficiência e os contextos absurdos que levam ao estresse, ao sofrimento e ao burn-out. Embora essas organizações tenham recebido atenção da área de Administração e Estudos Organizacionais, os estudos relacionados a lidar com contextos absurdos são muito incipientes. Mais raros ainda são os estudos empíricos que analisam a vida diária das pessoas que enfrentam tais situações. Para abordar essas lacunas, esta pesquisa se baseia em um estudo empírico realizado em um período de 15 meses (outubro de 2015 a dezembro de 2016) de coleta de dados através de 50 entrevistas, conversas e observação diária de gerentes de projetos de pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação (P&D&I) na maior empresa do setor elétrico no Brasil. Os dados e documentos secundários também foram coletados. O objetivo desta pesquisa é desenvolver a teoria sobre o absurdo em organizações burocráticas. Esta pesquisa contribui para o desenvolvimento do conhecimento acadêmico em dois aspectos: primeiro, do ponto de vista teórico, ao lidar com o absurdo em um contexto organizacional burocrático, assunto não muito discutido; segundo, do ponto de vista prático, ao aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a vida cotidiana dos gerentes e trazer elementos que permitam repensar vários dos desafios diários desses gerentes. Os dados foram analisados através de uma análise temática iterativa. Através disto, identifiquei que o contexto organizacional é complexo e envolve: (1) Burocracia; (2) Culturas múltiplas; (3) Mudanças de liderança e falta de sensegiver; (4) P&D&I colidindo com rotina organizacional; (5) Personalidade nos processos; (6) Informalidade e não registro de atividades; (7) Política. A teoria dos dados apresenta que o absurdo é compreendido a partir das noções de: (a) Ambiente de contradições; (b) Medo e culpa; e (c) Solidão. As consequências da experiência do absurdo no contexto estudado envolvem: (i) Trabalho emocional; (ii). Turnover; (iii) Não-implementação dos projetos; (iv) Metamorfose do sentido de inovação; (v) Perda do sentido de inovação; e (vi) Inação. Ao responder a questão de pesquisa proposta, as contribuições desta tese são: (i) elaboração de uma definição para absurdo; (ii) contribuição para a prática da gestão da inovação no setor elétrico brasileiro, com base no reflexo de sua dinâmica de inovação. A teoria gerada nos dados está em construção e reflete a interpretação de uma pesquisadora em particular. Espera-se que o esforço dessa pesquisa estimule pesquisadores na continuidade da investigação acerca do absurdo em organizações burocráticas.