Science and technology (S&T) disciplines at universities are still largely dominated by men, and few women are found in the highest employment ranks. Using the faculty data from Utah State University, this thesis explores the factors that help explain the difference in career trajectory between men and women in the S&T colleges. While there were few women in S&T colleges prior to the 1990s, more women have been hired since then, and the lower ranks of the faculty corps are starting to reflect the gender composition of the doctoral degree holders in the different fields. This is not the case for full professors and leadership positions, where women are still underrepresented. Analysis of the university careers of faculty in S&T colleges revealed that in the absence of formal guidelines, promotions to full professor were inconsistent, but men were generally promoted faster, especially when hired as associate professors. However, conscious measures by the university to make the promotion process more transparent and formalized reduced the variability in time to promotion to full professor for all faculty and minimized differences between men and women. Recognition of faculty achievement through awards still shows gender bias. Women proportionally receive less awards, especially in recognition of research activities. This study illustrates that clear guidelines reduce gender bias in decisions and improve gender equity in the academia.

La tesis se centra en el estudio de las «autoridades» (las citas de textos considerados modelos lingüísticos) en la obra que inaugura la práctica lexicográfica moderna en España, el Diccionario de la lengua castellana o Diccionario de Autoridades, publicado por la Real Academia Española entre 1726 y 1739.En la primera parte de la investigación (caps. I, II y III), se analiza la tradición lexicográfica que conduce al Diccionario de Autoridades y se sitúa la fundación de la Real Academia Española dentro del marco del nacimiento de las academias europeas. Seguidamente, se estudian las características del Vocabolario degli accademici della Crusca y del Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française en comparación con el Diccionario de Autoridades, que los tomó como modelos. Este análisis demuestra puntos de conexión hasta ahora no considerados entre el trabajo de la Academia della Crusca y la Real Academia Española.En segundo lugar, se ofrece una reseña crítica de los principales trabajos sobre los orígenes de la Real Academia Española y el Diccionario de Autoridades (cap. IV). Tras el estado de la cuestión, se expone la metodología empleada en la tesis para el estudio de las autoridades en el Diccionario (cap. V). Ésta se fundamenta en la investigación positivista de recogida y comentario de documentos y en la elaboración de bases de datos informáticas de una muestra significativa de las entradas del repertorio. A continuación, se estudia el proceso de selección y vaciado de los textos que conforman el corpus del Diccionario de Autoridades (cap. VI). Para ello, se analizan las Plantas del repertorio lexicográfico y una serie de documentos hallados en los fondos de la Biblioteca de la Real Academia Española (varias cédulas que ejemplifican el sistema de vaciado de las autoridades y el ejemplar del Diccionario en el que los académicos, a partir de 1732, apuntaron diversas correcciones a la obra). Además se incluyen nuevos datos y reveladoras interpretaciones entresacados de otros documentos ya conocidos (las Actas de la Corporación, de los años 1713 a 1740, y el manuscrito de Juan de Ferreras -BNM, Ms. 9.132-, con diversas redacciones de varias entradas del Diccionario). La última parte de la tesis ofrece una exhaustiva clasificación cronológica y por géneros de las fuentes del Diccionario. Asimismo, se estudian detalladamente las características (desde el punto de vista lingüístico y literario) de cada tipo de fuente, así como su uso en las entradas del repertorio (cap. VII). Finalmente se establece el canon de las autoridades (cap. VIII), esto es, los escritores que, por su presencia preeminente en el Diccionario, fueron propuestos por la Academia como modelos lingüísticos. Gracias al análisis de los índices de frecuencia en las citas del Diccionario de Autoridades se ha constatado la existencia de un canon literario (en el que destacan las obras de Francisco de Quevedo, Miguel de Cervantes, Fray Luis de Granada y Lope de Vega), así como un canon de textos no literarios (en el que destacan textos científicos -como la obra de Andrés Laguna-, jurídicos -vg. La nueva recopilación de las leyes del reino y las obras legales de Alfonso X- e historiográficos --en especial, las crónicas de Alfonso X y la Historia general de España de Juan de Mariana).La tesis contiene además un volumen de apéndices en los que pueden consultarse los datos bibliográficos sobre las autoridades (Apéndice I), los textos de las Plantas del Diccionario de Autoridades (Apéndice II), las distintas clasificaciones cronológicas y por géneros de las fuentes del repertorio (Apéndices III a V) y los índices de frecuencia de cita de las distintas obras del corpus en una muestra de las páginas del Diccionario (Apéndice VI). / The thesis is centered on the study of the "authorities" (the quotations of texts which are regarded as linguistic models) in the work that opens the modern lexicographic practice in Spain, the Dicionario de la lengua castellana o Diccionario de Autoridades, published by the Real Academia Española between 1726 and 1739.In the first part of the research (chapters I, II and III), the lexicographic tradition that leads to the Diccionario de Autoridades is analysed and the foundation of the Real Academia Española is placed within the frame of the birth of the European academies. Next to that, the characteristics of the Vocabolario degli accademici della Crusca and the Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française are studied in comparison with the Diccionario de Autoridades that took them as models. This analysis demonstrates some connective points, which had not been considered up to now, between the work of the Academia della Crusca and the Real Academia Española.On the second hand, a critical account of the main works about the origins of the Real Academia Española and the Diccionario de Autoridades (chapter IV) is given. After the revision of the actual situation, the methodology employed in the thesis for the study of the authorities in the Diccionario (chapter V) is given. This methodology is founded in the positivist gathering and commentaries of the documents and the elaboration of a database of a significant sample of the entries of the repertoire. Next to that, the process of the selection and use of the texts that form the corpus of the Diccionario de Autoridades (chapter VI) are studied. Besides, the Plantas of the lexicographic repertoire are analysed as well as several documents found in the funds of the Biblioteca de la Real Academia Española (several documents that illustrate the system of selection and extraction of the authorities and a copy of the Diccionario on which, from 1732 on, the members of the academy jotted down various corrections to the work). Besides, new data and revealing interpretations taken from other documents (such as the Actas of the Corporation, from the years 1713 to 1740, and the manuscript of Juan de Ferreras -BNM, Ms.9.132-, with different variations of several entries of the Diccionario) already known are included.The last part of the thesis offers a thorough chronological and genre classification of the sources of the Diccionario. Besides the characteristics (from the linguistic and literary point of view of each source) are studied as well as their use in the entries of the repertoire (chapter VII). Finally, a canon of authorities is established (chapter VIII), gathering the writers which for their outstanding presence in the Diccionario, were proposed by the Academia as linguistic models. Thanks to the analysis of the index of frequency of the references in the Diccionario de Autoridades the existence of a literary canon (in which stand out the works of Francisco de Quevedo, Miguel de Cervantes, Fray Luis de Granada and Lope de Vega) has been proven, as well as a canon of non literary texts (among which stand out scientific texts -like the work of Andrés Laguna-, law texts -like La nueva recopilación de las leyes del reino and the legal works of Alfonso X- and histographic texts -specially, the chronicles of Alfonso X and the Historia general de España of Juan de Mariana-.The thesis also contains a volume of appendixes in which the bibliographic data about the authorities can be consulted (Appendix I), the texts of the Plantas of the Diccionario de Autoridades (Appendix II), the chronological and genre classifications of the sources of the repertoire (Appendixes III to V) and the frequency indexes of the references of the various works of the corpus in a sample of the pages of the Diccionario (appendix VI).

This study tried to emphasize the differences between Sweden and the US when it comes to women’s career advancement to leading positions within the academic world. The differences between the countries were examined by studying women in leadership positions in universities in both countries. The three main research questions that this study was supposed to answer were: -          What are the different barriers women in leadership positions in the academic world encounter when advancing in Sweden and the US? -          How high is the importance of and different ways of networking, necessity of past experience, primary obstacles and other qualities or factors for career advancement in Sweden and the US? -          What stimulates and inspires a woman in Sweden versus a woman in the US to make career advancements to leading positions in academia? The main method that was used in this study was interviews and comparison of the answers from the interviews with earlier research and theories within the subject. Seven women with some kind of leading position within academia were interviewed; three in Sweden and four in USA. The results showed that the main differences and similarities in factors between the participants in Sweden and the participants in the US were (1) balancing family and work, (2) sex discrimination, (3) working conditions and promotions, (4) networking and mentorship and the last unexpected factor was (5) culture. The last factor, the cultural factor, was not processed in this study because this factor was a result of our research and was not researched about prior to the interviews. To conclude, the results showed that gender equality is higher in Sweden according to the responds of the participants.

Title:              Gender Differences Within Academia – A case study on the probability of promotion Institution:    School of Business and Economics University:     Linnæus University   Aim:               The aim of this thesis is to investigate whether there are differences between men and women in the probability of receiving a promotion and if this is caused by statistical discrimination. Further discussing if quotas are a solution to this bias.   Method:         This thesis will attempt to answer the research questions using primary data and testing this in a Linear Probability Model. It will also relate to previous research comparing the outcome to it with support from existing theory.   Conclusion:   The four regressions used in the Linear Probability Model, show that there exists differences in the probability of receiving a promotion between men and women. The results both infirm and confirm previous studies, but it is not possible from the research to distinguish if statistical discrimination is the underlying reason, though it might be an explanation to why there are differences. Quotas might be one answer to solve this bias, but further research is necessary.       Keywords:     Gender, differences, quotas, probability, promotion, Academia

Texte remanié de: Doktorarb.--Fakultät 8--Universität Stuttgart, 1997. / Liste des publications des professeurs et étudiants de Breslau. Bibliogr. p. 547-565. Index.

Extr. de: Tesis doct.--Historia de arte--Madrid--Universidad nacional de educación a distancia, 1999. / Extrait de la thèse doctorale de l'auteur, "La enseñanza de la pintura y los pintores en la Real academia de bellas artes de San Fernando de Madrid durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX" Bibliogr. p. [495]-554.

This report attempts to trace a path through my time in higher education, from an undergraduate degree in English to the completion of my Master's degree in Media studies. The report will focus on examining how school has differed from my expectations, and how my difficulties and struggles therein led me through various class models and modes of learning. In the course of retelling the projects and studies I worked on, I will compare different methods of pedagogy, from the typical grad school class to the free-form space of the ACTLab. I close by reflecting on how a report on my own time here at UT might be useful to others unsure of how grad school is supposed to go, much I was when I started out. / text

This thesis explores how introducing intersectional theory to self-identified activists in a Swedish folkbildning context challenges the theory/practice-divide. The study has been carried out through thematically structured discussions with students and teachers at Kvinnofolkhögskolan, Gothenburg, Sweden. In this thesis I argue that the deconstruction of the theory/practice-divide is dependent on perceptions of what theory and practice entails, students’ expectations of Swedish folkbildning in general and Kvinnofolkhögskolan in particular and pedagogical considerations on how to teach intersectionality intersectionally.Additionally, the thesis addresses issues of institutionalization, feminist pedagogy and the broadening of intersectional theory. Finally, the thesis highlights the need for extensively addressing the issue of the theory/practice divide in the curriculum, for students and teachers to discuss what is perceived as theory and practice respectively and for teachers to consider time and place as part of an intersectionally aware pedagogical practice.

Diss.--Geisteswissenschaft Fakultät--Universität Wien, 1995. / Bibliogr. p. 316-335.

This study explored faculty members' perceived importance of family-friendly policies in academia, the extent to which faculty perceive academic institutions as having a social responsibility to make the academy more family-friendly, participants' endorsement of gender-biased norms, and whether the faculty members who participated in this study are considering "opting-out" of academia. Key constructs that were explored include: the ideal worker norm, the motherhood norm, the maternal wall, and bias avoidance. Methodological limitations and the implications for this study were discussed. The participants of this study were 243 female and male tenure-track and tenured faculty members from graduate departments from six nationally accredited, public, U.S. doctoral-granting research universities. The results indicated that although most faculty do not intend to "opt-out" of academia, a substantial proportion reported that they are considering leaving their current institution, or leaving academia entirely. Further, although faculty members' perceptions of whether a family-friendly policy is of personal importance varied, the overwhelming majority of respondents expressed support for such policies. Finally, on average, faculty members did not endorse gender-biased beliefs toward caregiving, with women being less likely to endorse such beliefs.