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Orientador: Claudia Valladão de Matos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T08:15:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Formico_MarcelaRegina_M.pdf: 13487393 bytes, checksum: 919b96d1f4b3895551f708c721d3b616 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta uma contribuição para a análise do jogo de relações que se estabeleceu entre a pintura produzida no contexto brasileiro do século XIX e a produção internacional, especialmente francesa, centrando-nos na trajetória artística do pintor Oscar Pereira da Silva. A trajetória desse artista foi marcada por diversas idas e vindas entre Brasil e França, fazendo do artista um verdadeiro tradutor do sistema artístico francês para o contexto brasileiro. Desta forma, a partir da escolha da obra, "Escrava Romana", como "chave-mestra" para o desenvolvimento do debate em questão que se baseia o fluxo argumentativo da pesquisa. Razão que é justificável por esta tela representar um exemplar do primor técnico do estudo acadêmico do pintor brasileiro durante sua estádia com os mestres franceses, principalmente o pintor Jean- Léon Gérôme, que possui uma gama de obras que versam a temática explorada pelo objeto central de estudo. O segundo e último motivo se resguarda por se tratar de uma obra de grande impacto visual que compõe a galeria da Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo e ser um belíssimo representante da mais clássica das atividades do currículo da arte acadêmica do século XIX, a representação do nu / Abstract: This work presents a contribution for the relation's analysis between the masterpieces made inside the Brazilian's context on the 19th century and the international art's production, specially in France, focussing in the artistic path of the painter Oscar Pereira da Silva. The artist's life had a closer relation with France, making the painter a true translator of the French artistic model to Brazil. By choosing a particular painting as a methodological matter, the "Escrava Romana" became the "master key" for the research. To justify, this canvas is a perfect model of academic studies during his learning period with the French masters, specially Jean-Léon Gérôme, artist who developed a great number of canvas with the same thematic. The second and last reason is the great visual impact that this master-piece represents inside the gallery of Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo and for being a beautiful sample of the most classic discipline in the learning process at École des Beaux Arts and the academic art in general, the representation of the nude / Mestrado / Mestra em Artes Visuais

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo compreender as representações das masculinidades realizadas nas pinturas acadêmicas brasileiras entre os séculos XIX e XX. Buscou-se analisar a vida e obra do crítico de arte e escritor carioca Gonzaga Duque Estrada (1863-1911) para entender o cenário artístico brasileiro no qual as pinturas foram concebidas e como elas foram mediadas para o público. Também pretendeu-se examinar os autorretratos masculinos ao longo da história de modo a determinar uma bacia semântica comum nas representações e trazer a luz a dinâmica entre a percepção de si mesmo, a construção da imagem do homem com as vivências possíveis do gênero masculino. Neste sentido, a partir dos dados coletados, a pesquisa parte para o comentário dos autorretratos de pintores brasileiros, tais como Almeida Júnior (1876-1882) e Pedro Américo (1843-1905), em um esforço de investigar o quanto as pinturas selecionadas para este estudo estavam inseridas em um debate maior que buscava definir a identidade masculina. / This dissertation intends to comprehend the representations of masculinities executed in Brazilian academic paintings between the 19th and 20th centuries. We sought to analyze the life and work of the art critic and writer Gonzaga Duque Estrada (1863-1911), native do Rio de Janeiro, in order do understand the Brazilian artistic scenario in which these paintings were conceived and how they were presented to the public. We also intended to examine the male self-portraits throughout history so that the research could determine a common semantic source in these representations and bring into light the dynamics between the perception of oneself, the construction of the image of man with the possible experiences of the male gender. In this sense, based on collected data, the research comments the self-portraits of Brazilian painters, such as Almeida Júnior (1876-1882) and Pedro Américo (1843-1905), in an attempt to investigate how much the paintings selected for this study were part of a bigger debate that sought to define masculine identity.

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo compreender as representações das masculinidades realizadas nas pinturas acadêmicas brasileiras entre os séculos XIX e XX. Buscou-se analisar a vida e obra do crítico de arte e escritor carioca Gonzaga Duque Estrada (1863-1911) para entender o cenário artístico brasileiro no qual as pinturas foram concebidas e como elas foram mediadas para o público. Também pretendeu-se examinar os autorretratos masculinos ao longo da história de modo a determinar uma bacia semântica comum nas representações e trazer a luz a dinâmica entre a percepção de si mesmo, a construção da imagem do homem com as vivências possíveis do gênero masculino. Neste sentido, a partir dos dados coletados, a pesquisa parte para o comentário dos autorretratos de pintores brasileiros, tais como Almeida Júnior (1876-1882) e Pedro Américo (1843-1905), em um esforço de investigar o quanto as pinturas selecionadas para este estudo estavam inseridas em um debate maior que buscava definir a identidade masculina. / This dissertation intends to comprehend the representations of masculinities executed in Brazilian academic paintings between the 19th and 20th centuries. We sought to analyze the life and work of the art critic and writer Gonzaga Duque Estrada (1863-1911), native do Rio de Janeiro, in order do understand the Brazilian artistic scenario in which these paintings were conceived and how they were presented to the public. We also intended to examine the male self-portraits throughout history so that the research could determine a common semantic source in these representations and bring into light the dynamics between the perception of oneself, the construction of the image of man with the possible experiences of the male gender. In this sense, based on collected data, the research comments the self-portraits of Brazilian painters, such as Almeida Júnior (1876-1882) and Pedro Américo (1843-1905), in an attempt to investigate how much the paintings selected for this study were part of a bigger debate that sought to define masculine identity.

Pedro Weingärtner (1853-1929) foi um pintor brasileiro. Sua arte figurativa, realista e acadêmica retratou temas bastante diferentes: tanto paisagens e costumes de camponeses e imigrantes no jovem Rio Grande do Sul quanto a mitologia greco-romana, parte dos cânones temáticos da Europa no século XIX. O artista pintou do agricultor pobre ao presidente da província, havendo em sua arte diversa uma homogeneidade pictórica: o estilo acadêmico herdado do Velho Mundo e aprendido com o mestre William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) em Paris. Pedro Weingärtner viveu entre o Brasil e a Europa representando as diferenças entre os dois continentes. Como se articula essa complexidade da obra de Weingärtner entre o local e o universal? Qual é o peso da cultura europeia em sua arte como memória cultural, e o quanto dela também o artista produziu, principalmente em relação à figura do imigrante alemão? São essas as questões que esta dissertação procura responder. / Pedro Weingärtner (1853-1929) was a Brazilian painter. His figurative, realistic and academic art portrayed rather different themes: landscapes and customs of peasants and immigrants in Rio Grande do Sul as well as Greco-Roman mythology, part of 19th century European canons. The artist painted from the poor farmer to the president of the province, having in his diverse art one homogeneous pictorial aspect: the academic style inherited from the Old World and learned from the master William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) in Paris. Pedro Weingärtner lived between Brazil and Europe representing the differences between both continents. How is this complexity between local and universal articulated in his work? What is the weight of European art as cultural memory in his art, and how much of it did the artist produce himself, especially relative to the image of the German immigrant? These are the questions that this dissertation tries to answer.

Pedro Weingärtner (1853-1929) foi um pintor brasileiro. Sua arte figurativa, realista e acadêmica retratou temas bastante diferentes: tanto paisagens e costumes de camponeses e imigrantes no jovem Rio Grande do Sul quanto a mitologia greco-romana, parte dos cânones temáticos da Europa no século XIX. O artista pintou do agricultor pobre ao presidente da província, havendo em sua arte diversa uma homogeneidade pictórica: o estilo acadêmico herdado do Velho Mundo e aprendido com o mestre William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) em Paris. Pedro Weingärtner viveu entre o Brasil e a Europa representando as diferenças entre os dois continentes. Como se articula essa complexidade da obra de Weingärtner entre o local e o universal? Qual é o peso da cultura europeia em sua arte como memória cultural, e o quanto dela também o artista produziu, principalmente em relação à figura do imigrante alemão? São essas as questões que esta dissertação procura responder. / Pedro Weingärtner (1853-1929) was a Brazilian painter. His figurative, realistic and academic art portrayed rather different themes: landscapes and customs of peasants and immigrants in Rio Grande do Sul as well as Greco-Roman mythology, part of 19th century European canons. The artist painted from the poor farmer to the president of the province, having in his diverse art one homogeneous pictorial aspect: the academic style inherited from the Old World and learned from the master William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) in Paris. Pedro Weingärtner lived between Brazil and Europe representing the differences between both continents. How is this complexity between local and universal articulated in his work? What is the weight of European art as cultural memory in his art, and how much of it did the artist produce himself, especially relative to the image of the German immigrant? These are the questions that this dissertation tries to answer.

Pedro Weingärtner (1853-1929) foi um pintor brasileiro. Sua arte figurativa, realista e acadêmica retratou temas bastante diferentes: tanto paisagens e costumes de camponeses e imigrantes no jovem Rio Grande do Sul quanto a mitologia greco-romana, parte dos cânones temáticos da Europa no século XIX. O artista pintou do agricultor pobre ao presidente da província, havendo em sua arte diversa uma homogeneidade pictórica: o estilo acadêmico herdado do Velho Mundo e aprendido com o mestre William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) em Paris. Pedro Weingärtner viveu entre o Brasil e a Europa representando as diferenças entre os dois continentes. Como se articula essa complexidade da obra de Weingärtner entre o local e o universal? Qual é o peso da cultura europeia em sua arte como memória cultural, e o quanto dela também o artista produziu, principalmente em relação à figura do imigrante alemão? São essas as questões que esta dissertação procura responder. / Pedro Weingärtner (1853-1929) was a Brazilian painter. His figurative, realistic and academic art portrayed rather different themes: landscapes and customs of peasants and immigrants in Rio Grande do Sul as well as Greco-Roman mythology, part of 19th century European canons. The artist painted from the poor farmer to the president of the province, having in his diverse art one homogeneous pictorial aspect: the academic style inherited from the Old World and learned from the master William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) in Paris. Pedro Weingärtner lived between Brazil and Europe representing the differences between both continents. How is this complexity between local and universal articulated in his work? What is the weight of European art as cultural memory in his art, and how much of it did the artist produce himself, especially relative to the image of the German immigrant? These are the questions that this dissertation tries to answer.

The subject of this thesis is to analyze the perception of a naked female body in French society of the 2nd half of the 19th century. The work focuses on discovering, highlighting and interpreting the theme of female nudity in artistic works of this period, which provoked strong reactions and influenced contemporary culture. The first part is consecrated to the position of women in the 2nd half of the 19th century society on historical, social and cultural backgrounds and its changes in the ambience of the first wave of the women's movement. The attention is brought to some significant representatives of early feminism and to the goals and innovations these personalities were aiming to achieve. The second part of the thesis describes and analyzes selected works of art on the theme of female nudity. First, it deals with the works of academic painters who were the bearers of traditional artistic ideals and academic rules for displaying naked female body. Their artistic production is nowadays somewhat underestimated. In art history, however, it plays an important role. Therefore, the value of their work for the study of the perception of a naked female body is not omitted. The interest then turns to the Impressionism, the outstanding 2nd half of the 19th century art movement. In the center of...

La présence des artistes chinois en France durant la première moitié du XXe siècle s’est fixée de manière exceptionnelle et durable à l’École des beaux-arts de Paris, au point qu’on puisse, à partir du dépouillement des archives nationales (cote AJ52), parler d’un « phénomène chinois à l’École des beaux-arts de Paris ». Ce phénomène a engagé plus de 130 élèves chinois inscrits dans les galeries et dans les ateliers de peinture et de sculpture entre 1914 et 1955. Aussi, cette présence à l’École des beaux-arts constitua une caractéristique essentielle du mouvement des artistes chinois en France et plus largement en Occident. À ce titre, ce phénomène a joué un rôle important dans l’évolution du champ artistique chinois moderne, sur le plan social,technique et artistique à travers un processus de « transfert culturel ». Ce phénomène fut possible grâce à une relation privilégiée qui exista entre la France et la Chine au début du XXe siècle (le « dialogue entre deux républiques »). Mais l’École des beaux-arts fut aussi un espace de concurrence entre les différentes tendances artistiques modernes chinoises dont beaucoup des chefs de file passèrent par les ateliers de l’École. Parmi eux,Xu Beihong (1895-1953) occupa une place particulière car il développa une stratégie sociale et artistique cohérente qui posait comme fondamentales la formation artistique académique et l’expérience à l’École des beaux-arts de Paris. Cette expérience enrichie par la maîtrise du dessin académique, de l’anatomie artistique et de la peinture d’histoire, fut orientée vers une production inédite à bien des égards en Chine, à l’huile et à l’encre. Aussi, après une période consensuelle des années 1910 aux années 1920, il semble qu’à partir des années 1930, le phénomène chinois à l’École des beaux-arts de Paris alimenta essentiellement le pôle éducatif et artistique de Xu Beihong en France et en Chine. Ce phénomène chinois à l’École des beaux-arts de Paris,attaché à la formation académique et à l’art académique français, fut un élément dynamique dans l’élaboration de la modernité artistique en Chine au XXe siècle. / The presence of Chinese artists in France during the first half of the Twentieth Century was an exceptional and enduring phenomenon at the National School of Fine Arts of Paris (École nationale des Beaux-Arts de Paris). Based on the analysis of the documents from the French National Archives, the number of Chinese students was so substantial that it deserves to be called as the 'Chinese phenomenon at the École des Beaux-Arts'. Between 1914 and 1955, more than 130 Chinese students enrolled at the 'Galeries' (preparatory training in drawing) and at the painting and sculpture studios called 'Ateliers'. This situation at the École des Beaux-Arts essentially reflected the movement of Chinese artists in France and more widely in the West. It played an important role in the changing field of the modern Chinese art, socially, technically and artistically ,through a process of "Cultural Transfer" and was made possible by the privileged relationship between France and China at the beginning of the Twentieth Century (the "Dialogue between two Republics"). Nevertheless, the École des Beaux-Arts also became an area of competition between the various modern Chinese artistic tendencies, as many leaders of different groups studied at the workshops of the École des Beaux-Arts. Amongthem, Xu Beihong (1895-1953), who developed a coherent social and artistic strategies, was especially significant. Xu received fundamental academic artistic training at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Xu’s experience, enriched by his mastery of academic drawing, artistic anatomy and history painting, made his artistic production unprecedented in many respects of Chinese art, in oil and in ink. In addition, after a consensual period from the 1910s to the 1920s, it seems that from the 1930s, the Chinese phenomenon at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris mainly fostered Xu’s central position in educational and artistic camps inFrance and China. This Chinese phenomenon at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, which is attached to academic training and to French academic art, was a dynamic element in the elaboration of artistic modernityin Twentieth Century China.