abstract: There are many passages in the standard collaborative piano repertoire that are best executed with average to larger hands, such as densely voiced chords, fast octave passages, spans of 9ths or 10ths, legato lines with wide ranges, or extended arpeggiated passages. As a petite Asian woman with smaller hands, I am frequently engaged to rehearse and perform such works. Such engagements involve a greater amount of practice and preparation, as I spend time determining how to negotiate passages or avoid mistakes that larger hands could easily solve. Nevertheless, despite my best efforts, it is not always possible for one with smaller hands to play exactly what is written by the composer, and one may end up becoming injured by too much stretching of the fingers or hands, which can lead to stress and tension on the arms. This paper will be discussed certain passages from frequently-performed pieces that can be difficult for smaller hands, what makes each passage so awkward or uncomfortable, and provide several solutions that yield musical results without compromising the composer's original intentions. This paper will not only examine orchestral reductions such as concerti, in which the reductions are a mere representation of the composer's true intentions and therefore easier to adjust, but also repertoire originally written for the piano. Three methods will be offered that, while occasionally straying from the printed score, stay as true as possible to the composer's artistic intensions, all the while allowing these collaborative pianists the possibility to approach this repertoire in a realistic fashion. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Music 2017

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-04-20T14:57:34Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mônica Ferreira Maia - 2015.pdf: 6943764 bytes, checksum: 50e54341808dba7eaf3175e581c29781 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-04-20T14:58:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mônica Ferreira Maia - 2015.pdf: 6943764 bytes, checksum: 50e54341808dba7eaf3175e581c29781 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-20T14:58:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mônica Ferreira Maia - 2015.pdf: 6943764 bytes, checksum: 50e54341808dba7eaf3175e581c29781 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-28 / This research aimed to investigate the possibilities to adapt the piano repertoire of Brazilian composers of the nineteenth and twentieth century for use in the teaching of two basic steps of classical ballet: pliés and sautés. The research problem consisted in how to recognize, in the Brazilian repertoire, adequatable pieces to teach the steps pliés and sautés. The discussions were based on the musical characteristcs of the steps presented by Cavalli (2001), Neves (1998) and Almada (2006), in addition to musical examples used by the Royal Academy of Dance of London following the models from Lishka (1979), and Spadari and Nicolace (2013). The research methodology used was bibliographic and documental, qualitative, in which scores were selected from Brazilian repertoire investigated at SESC Sheet sites, musicabrasilis.com.br, the pianist Robervaldo Linhares’ collection, this researchers’ collection, and list of repertoire inserted in the Doctoral thesis of Carlos H. Costa (2002). Ten musical excerpts were chosen that suited to teach each step, contemplating Works of Ernesto Nazareth, Carlos Gomes, Villa Lobos and Francisco Mignone. As a result, the brazilian piano repertoire presents many potential sections that can be used for teaching classical ballet. If properly chosen and interpreted, this repertoire can contribute to enrich and enhance the work of pianist ballet accompanist in the formation of the classical dancer. / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar as possibilidades de adequação do repertório pianístico de compositores brasileiros do século XIX e XX para utilização no ensino de dois passos básicos do ballet clássico: pliés e sautés. O problema gerador da pesquisa constituiu-se em como reconhecer no repertório brasileiro, exemplos adequáveis ao estudo dos passos pliés e sautés. Fundamentou-se as características musicais dos passos utilizando conceitos apresentados por Cavalli (2001), Neves (1998) e Almada (2006), além dos exemplos musicais utilizados pela Royal Academy of Dance of London (RADL) seguindo os modelos de discussão e parâmetros de Lishka (1979), Spadari e Nicolace (2013). A metodologia usada foi a bibliográfica, de caráter qualitativo, em que se selecionou partituras do repertório brasileiro investigadas nos sites Sesc Partituras, musicabrasilis.com.br, no acervo do pianista Robervaldo Linhares, acervo pessoal da pesquisadora e na lista de repertório inserida na tese de doutorado de Carlos H. Costa (2002). Foram escolhidos dez excertos musicais que se adequaram ao ensino de cada passo, contemplando obras de Ernesto Nazareth, Carlos Gomes, Villa Lobos e Francisco Mignone. As análises dos excertos conduziram um olhar comparativo, do repertório brasileiro com os exemplos de partituras da Royal, em que o repertório brasileiro para piano,escolhido adequadamente, contribuiu para enriquecer e potencializar o trabalho do pianista acompanhador de ballet,na formação do bailarino clássico. Verificou-se que o repertório de piano brasileiro apresenta obras em potencial que podem ser utilizadas para o ensino do ballet clássico. Este repertório, se escolhido e interpretado adequadamente, contribui para enriquecer e potencializar o trabalho do pianista acompanhador de ballet, na formação do bailarino clássico.

Face aux enjeux aussi bien collectifs ; en termes de développement économique et social des territoires et du pays ; qu’individuels pour les créateurs, les systèmes d’appui se sont progressivement imposés constituant, depuis les années 80, une réalité générale en Europe et plus particulièrement en France.Parmi les pratiques d’appui à la création d’entreprises, notre intérêt dans ce travail de recherche est porté sur le phénomène d’accompagnement entrepreneurial. D’abord abordé selon une approche plutôt technique collective axé sur le résultat, l’accompagnement entrepreneurial se transforme en une pratique d’aide à la création d’entreprise qui est fondée sur une relation d’influence interpersonnelle qui s’établit entre un porteur et un acteur externe au projet de création et sur un processus d’action fondé sur des apprentissages multiples et le développement des compétences.Si à l’état actuel de la recherche en entrepreneuriat l’ensemble des apports de l’accompagnement par la structure contribue à une meilleure réussite des porteurs accompagnés, nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement, dans notre travail de recherche, à l’autre « facette cachée » de la relation d’accompagnement qui est les accompagnateurs et à cette problématique de ce qu’apprennent ces acteurs professionnels dans leurs pratiques d’accompagnement au sein des structures d’accompagnement. Nous nous sommes, donc, posées la question de savoir : Dans quelle mesure les expériences d’accompagnement entrepreneurial affectent-elles les résultats d’apprentissage expérientiel et les comportements individuels et organisationnels des accompagnateurs dans Réseau Entreprendre ® ?Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous avons mobilisé la théorie de l’apprentissage expérientiel (Kolb, 1985) comme modèle de référence de notre recherche. La rencontre entre les deux concepts de base de notre recherche, à savoir, l’accompagnement entrepreneurial et plus particulièrement, l’accompagnateur et la théorie de l’apprentissage expérientiel de Kolb (1984 nous a permis de constituer notre modèle conceptuel mettant en relation quatre variables principales. Ces variables sont associées aux expériences d’accompagnement entrepreneurial, les caractéristiques individuelles des accompagnateurs, les résultats d’apprentissage expérientiel et, enfin, le changement des comportements individuels et organisationnels des accompagnateurs.En adoptant une méthodologie quantitative nous avons administré un questionnaire à un échantillon de 205 accompagnateurs de projet de création d’entreprise dans 38 associations Réseau Entreprendre en France. Les résultats de nos analyses quantitatives sont obtenus à partir de SPSS et apportent une meilleure compréhension du cycle d’apprentissage de l’accompagnateur dans les structures d’accompagnement en général et dans Réseau Entreprendre, en particulier. Les implications et contributions de notre travail de recherche aussi bien théoriques, méthodologiques que pratiques. / Faced with both the collective challenges, in terms of economic and social development of communities and countries; and individual challenges to the business creators, support systems have gradually imposed representing, since the 80s, a general reality in Europe and particularly in France.Among the practices of business support systems, our interest in this research is focused on the entrepreneurial support phenomenon. First approached from a more technical and collective approach focused on results, entrepreneurial support becomes a practical support to business creation which is based on an interpersonal influence relationship established between an entrepreneur and an external actor to the creation project and on an action process based on multiple learning and skills development.If all support contributions in the current state of entrepreneurship research help to a better entrepreneur’s success, in our research we are particularly interested in the other "hidden facet" of the support relationship whish are accompanists themselves and the problematic of what is learned by these professional actors from their practices in business support structures. We, therefore, asked the question: To what extent the entrepreneurial support experiences of accompanists affect their experiential learning outcomes and individual and organizational behaviors in “Réseau Entreprendre” (Entrepreneurship Network) ®?To address this problem, we mobilized the experiential learning theory (Kolb, 1985) as a reference model of our research. The meeting between the two fundamental concepts of our research, namely, entrepreneurial support and more specifically, the accompanist and Kolb's experiential learning theory (1984) enabled us to build our conceptual model relating four main variables. These variables are associated with entrepreneurial support experiences, individual characteristics of accompanists, the experiential learning outcomes and, finally, individual and organizational behavior changes.By adopting a quantitative methodology we administered a questionnaire to a sample of 205 entrepreneurs of creation project in 38 Entrepreneurship Network associations in France. The results of our quantitative analyzes are obtained from SPSS software and provide a better understanding of the accompanist learning cycle in general and in “Entrepreneurship Network” structures in particular. The implications and contributions of our research are theoretical, methodological and practical.

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Die Bruinvrou in die onderwys het 'n besondere rol om te vertolk veral in die !ewe van die volwassewordende kind asook in die hele skoolopset. Die doel van hierdie ondersoek was om hierdie rol te bepaal. Tersaaklike gegewens is verkry deur middel van Iiteratuurstudie, die outobiografiese teks, onderhoude asook vraelyste. Deur die inligting bekom, is vasgestel dat die omstandighede waaronder 'n groot gedcelte van die Bruinonderwyseresse werk, nie altyd gunstig is nie. Baie Bruinlccrclcrs woon in sosio-ekonomiese agtergeblewe gebiede waar misdaad en bendebcdrywighedc aan die orde van die dag is. Waardestelsels, leefstyl van die subkultuur, onvoldoende materiele versorging en gebrekkige opvoeding veroorsaak steuringe in die leerders se ingesteldheid teenoor die skool. Haar vrouwees laat die onderwyseres baie empatie toon in haar opvoedingskommunikasie met die leerder. Sy poog om toereikend na sy behoeftes om te sicn. As medcganger help sy die leerder om elke mylpaal wat hy bereik, te beskou as die begin van 'n ander. Deur haar meelewendheid word veral die milieugestremde Bruinkind se menswaardigheid erken. Baie bruinleerders het aangedui dat onderwyseresse rolmodelle vir hulle is. Sommige onderwyseresse word verplig om jarelank dieselfde graad te onderrig. Aangesien hulle so 'n betekenisvolle rol in die volwassewording van die kind speel, is dit nodig dat hulle ervaring opdoen van die verskillende grade in die skool. Die vrou is baie veelsydig en het moontlikhede wat tocreikcnd aangewend kan word in al die fasette van die skoolopset. Sy kan '11 baie belangrike bydrae lewer in die organisasie en administrasie van die skool as sy die geleentheid gebied word. Haar ingesteldheid op die menslike en die belangrikheid van gesonde verhoudinge asook haar hoe pligsbesef dui daarop dat die onderwyseres by magte is om 'n uitstekende onderwysleier te wees. Nieteenstaande die feit dat onderwyseresse volgens statistieke oorverteenwoordig is in die onderwys, is hulle onderverteenwoordig in bestuursposte. Alhoewel die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid Afrika 1996, gebaseer is op die beginsels van gelykheid en menswaardigheid, is seksisme en diskriminasie op grond van geslag nog steeds ernstige struikelblokke vir die onderwyseres op haar weg na beter vooruitsigte in die onderwys. Aanbevelings vir praktykverbetering asook verdere navorsing is gemaak. / The Coloured woman in education has a particular role to play, especially in the life of the child growing towards adulthood as well as in the school in general. The aim of this investigation is to determine that role. Relevant information had been obtained by means of literary sources, autobiographical texts, interviews and questionnaires. Having obtained this information, it was established that the circumstances in which a large proportion of Coloured female educators work, are not always favourable. Many coloured learners live in socio-economic disadvantaged areas where crime and gangsterism prevail. Value systems, lifestyles of the subculture, inadequate material care and a serious lack of education are causing disruptions of learners' inclination towards the school. Being a woman enables the female educator to show considerable empathy in her pedagogic communication with the learners. She endeavours to sufficiently provide in their needs. As pedagogic accompanist she assists the learner to see every milestone that he/she achieves as the basis for another. Her involvement brings about an acknowledgement of the human dignity of the milieu-deprived Coloured child. Many coloured learners have indicated that their female educators are their role models. Some female educators are compelled to teach the same grade for years. Their significant role merits experience of teaching the various grades at school. Women are very versatile and have potential which can be utilized adequately in all the facets of the school situation. They can make very important contributions towards the organisation and administration of the school as a whole, given the opportunity. Their focus on human nature and the importance of sound relationships as well as their high sense of duty are indicative of the ability female educators have to become excellent leaders in education. They are nevertheless under-represented in educational management positions. Although the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, is based on the principles of equality and human dignity, sexism is still a stumbling block in the path of female educators. Recommendations for an improvement m educational practice as well as further research were made. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Filosofie van die Opvoeding)

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Die Bruinvrou in die onderwys het 'n besondere rol om te vertolk veral in die !ewe van die volwassewordende kind asook in die hele skoolopset. Die doel van hierdie ondersoek was om hierdie rol te bepaal. Tersaaklike gegewens is verkry deur middel van Iiteratuurstudie, die outobiografiese teks, onderhoude asook vraelyste. Deur die inligting bekom, is vasgestel dat die omstandighede waaronder 'n groot gedcelte van die Bruinonderwyseresse werk, nie altyd gunstig is nie. Baie Bruinlccrclcrs woon in sosio-ekonomiese agtergeblewe gebiede waar misdaad en bendebcdrywighedc aan die orde van die dag is. Waardestelsels, leefstyl van die subkultuur, onvoldoende materiele versorging en gebrekkige opvoeding veroorsaak steuringe in die leerders se ingesteldheid teenoor die skool. Haar vrouwees laat die onderwyseres baie empatie toon in haar opvoedingskommunikasie met die leerder. Sy poog om toereikend na sy behoeftes om te sicn. As medcganger help sy die leerder om elke mylpaal wat hy bereik, te beskou as die begin van 'n ander. Deur haar meelewendheid word veral die milieugestremde Bruinkind se menswaardigheid erken. Baie bruinleerders het aangedui dat onderwyseresse rolmodelle vir hulle is. Sommige onderwyseresse word verplig om jarelank dieselfde graad te onderrig. Aangesien hulle so 'n betekenisvolle rol in die volwassewording van die kind speel, is dit nodig dat hulle ervaring opdoen van die verskillende grade in die skool. Die vrou is baie veelsydig en het moontlikhede wat tocreikcnd aangewend kan word in al die fasette van die skoolopset. Sy kan '11 baie belangrike bydrae lewer in die organisasie en administrasie van die skool as sy die geleentheid gebied word. Haar ingesteldheid op die menslike en die belangrikheid van gesonde verhoudinge asook haar hoe pligsbesef dui daarop dat die onderwyseres by magte is om 'n uitstekende onderwysleier te wees. Nieteenstaande die feit dat onderwyseresse volgens statistieke oorverteenwoordig is in die onderwys, is hulle onderverteenwoordig in bestuursposte. Alhoewel die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid Afrika 1996, gebaseer is op die beginsels van gelykheid en menswaardigheid, is seksisme en diskriminasie op grond van geslag nog steeds ernstige struikelblokke vir die onderwyseres op haar weg na beter vooruitsigte in die onderwys. Aanbevelings vir praktykverbetering asook verdere navorsing is gemaak. / The Coloured woman in education has a particular role to play, especially in the life of the child growing towards adulthood as well as in the school in general. The aim of this investigation is to determine that role. Relevant information had been obtained by means of literary sources, autobiographical texts, interviews and questionnaires. Having obtained this information, it was established that the circumstances in which a large proportion of Coloured female educators work, are not always favourable. Many coloured learners live in socio-economic disadvantaged areas where crime and gangsterism prevail. Value systems, lifestyles of the subculture, inadequate material care and a serious lack of education are causing disruptions of learners' inclination towards the school. Being a woman enables the female educator to show considerable empathy in her pedagogic communication with the learners. She endeavours to sufficiently provide in their needs. As pedagogic accompanist she assists the learner to see every milestone that he/she achieves as the basis for another. Her involvement brings about an acknowledgement of the human dignity of the milieu-deprived Coloured child. Many coloured learners have indicated that their female educators are their role models. Some female educators are compelled to teach the same grade for years. Their significant role merits experience of teaching the various grades at school. Women are very versatile and have potential which can be utilized adequately in all the facets of the school situation. They can make very important contributions towards the organisation and administration of the school as a whole, given the opportunity. Their focus on human nature and the importance of sound relationships as well as their high sense of duty are indicative of the ability female educators have to become excellent leaders in education. They are nevertheless under-represented in educational management positions. Although the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, is based on the principles of equality and human dignity, sexism is still a stumbling block in the path of female educators. Recommendations for an improvement m educational practice as well as further research were made. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Filosofie van die Opvoeding)