The purpose of this study is to examine the value generated to shareholders due to the announcement of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in different industries. Only deals between firms in the OECD member countries over the period 2004-2014 are analysed. The value is measured by calculating the cumulative abnormal return for event periods close to the announcement date. Cumulative abnormal returns is often used for measuring the impact of events on a stock price and reflect what investors believe will be the value from resulting synergies to shareholders. Only transactions between target and acquiring companies that are operating in the industrials, financial services, information technology and consumer staples industry are examined. Previous research is used to determine industry conditions affecting value creation and the expected value creation for each of the four industries is determined. This study find that returns for acquirers are distributed around zero percent. The mean cumulative abnormal returns for acquirers are negative for three of the four industries examined. The only positive abnormal return for acquirers is found in the financial services industry. Target firm shareholders receive positive returns in all industries. Target firm shareholders in the consumer staples and industrials industries receive on average statistically significant results above zero percent for a significance level of 5%. These industries have also the highest target returns.

Companies allocate the majority of the acquisition price to goodwill, which has resulted in goodwill to become a prominent asset on companies balance sheets. Research shows that goodwill impairments lag behind the economic reality between two to four years and that the current accounting regime does not provide adequate disclosures to predict future impairments. The purpose of this paper is to examine what factors that can predict the occurrence of future goodwill impairments. We carry out our investigation by choosing several pre-acquisition and post-performance indicators, which we hand-collect from companies’ annual reports. Our sample includes acquisitions made by Swedish listed companies during the period 2005 to 2011. To examine the predictability of goodwill impairments we carry out a series of binary logistic regressions in which goodwill write-offs are predicted by our acquisition and performance indicators. Our results suggest that information on acquisition activity, change in segment-level return on assets and firm-level return on assets are useful to predict goodwill impairments. Although our findings indicate that information surrounding the acquisition and subsequent performance can be helpful in predicting future impairments there is still difficulties for external stakeholders to predict goodwill write-offs. This is due the fact that a majority of acquisitions lack adequate information on the acquired goodwill. Consequently, our findings have implications for the accounting literature and standard setters since it is questionable whether financial statements and their disclosures provide sufficient and relevant information to evaluate the economic reality of goodwill balances.

L'influence des dirigeants sur la performance (ou contre-performance) de la firme fait l'objet de nombreux débats. Selon la vision déterministe, les pressions internes et externes qui s'exercent sur le dirigeant sont si importantes que ce dernier dispose de très peu de marge de manoeuvre pour influencer les résultats de la firme. D'un autre côté, selon les partisans de l'école du leadership, le dirigeant est l'unique architecte de l'entreprise et c'est à lui qu'incombe la performance de l'entreprise. Ces deux points de vue sont nuancés par le concept de latitude managériale qui mesure la marge de manoeuvre dont le dirigeant qui lui permet de se démarquer significativement des autres entreprises du secteur. Cette thèse s'intéresse à la responsabilité du dirigeant sur la performance de la firme ainsi que sur les décisions qui y sont opérées. Elle porte sur les grands patrons français qui ont, notamment, la particularité de former de puissants réseaux sociaux. Le premier chapitre dresse un portrait des grands dirigeants français et met en évidence les principales caractéristiques des décideurs hexagonaux. Le deuxième chapitre étudie le phénomène d'endogamie observé lors des successions de dirigeants ainsi que l'impact sur la performance de la firme. Le troisième chapitre propose une évaluation de l'effet du dirigeant sur la performance de la firme. Enfin le quatrième chapitre mesure l'impact du pouvoir du dirigeant sur les décisions de de croissance externe de la firme. Cette thèse corrobore l'idée que le pouvoir économique demeure au sein d'une castedirigeante fermée

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. / MBA Professional Report / The purpose of this paper is to examine and analyze whether or not there was a statistically significant reaction in financial markets to the announcements of U.S. defense contractor consolidations (mergers and acquisitions) from January 1990 to December 2006. This analysis is accomplished through the use of two series of event studies, employing first the arithmetic and then the logarithmic returns against the S&P 500 index, involving the top five defense contractors: Boeing, Lockheed Martin, General Dynamics, Raytheon and Northrop Grumman. Many studies have been conducted using the event study methodology, and the results have shown in some cases that stock prices do respond to new information. The assumpton has been maintained that the market responds rationally to such announcements. In contrast, the announcements of the acquisition of publicly traded firms by other publicly traded firms have not always had a consistently significant beneficial effect on the shareholder wealth of the acquiring firms (Schipper & Thompson, 1983). Results of this case study further support the latter assertion, and add to the body of research involving event studies.

Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) are major strategic initiatives undertaken by many organisations. Within the construction context, these have been used, amongst others, to accelerate growth, reduce the effects of the construction cycle, enter into new markets, and spread risk. During the last decade, M&A were recognised as the preferred vehicle for expansion into the global construction market. Major European and international construction organisations use mergers or acquisitions to increase their geographical coverage and business portfolio. Mergers and Acquisitions impact on a number of organisational dimensions ranging from `soft' issues such as organisational culture to `hard' issues such as IT integration. Four specific aspects of mergers and acquisitions are investigated within this thesis. These are as follows: Strategy, Business Portfolio and Performance Measurement of construction organisations and the impact of M&A on subsequent performance; the Acquisition Strategy adopted for entering emerging markets such as Central and Eastern Europe; the Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions on construction companies' Information Systems and Information Technology (IS/IT); and an Investigation of Knowledge Management Strategies for organisations that have undergone mergers and acquisitions. The thesis adopts a qualitative research methodology. An extensive literature review was conducted on mergers and acquisitions with particular emphasis on its use within the construction sector. The literature review provided a sound basis for theory development and identified areas in which further understanding was requiired. A multiple case study approach was selected for each of the four aspects studied and the data was obtained using semi-structured interviews. Based on the case study data, analysis and discussion were conducted resulting in conclusions for each of the four aspects investigated. The research concluded that Mergers and Acquisitions were an important vehicle for construction organisations to achieve growth, and expand geographically into new markets and new sectors. However,. the implications of mergers and acquisitions need to be understood and the processes . before, during and after the merger or acquisition is finalised need to be carefully planned and communicated to the relevant parties. Mergers and Acquisitions'- can offer' tremendous advantage to an organisation and several recommendations are made regarditig how the process may be improved within the construction context.

This study examined how to best transfer social capital during professional service firm acquisitions. Using a qualitative, multiple case-based approach the study makes two important contributions. First, all four cases were successful in client retention and professional staff retention, yet only two cases were successful in retaining partners. This finding contradicts previous studies that found when partners leave the firm after acquisition clients follow. This research study found that clients stayed with an acquiring firm as long as their on-site project team remained more or less intact. This finding implies that social capital can be transferred between individuals and organizations. Second, a framework of organizational factors that contribute to the successful retention of social and human capital was developed. Successful retention of clients was primarily dependent on the retention of the project team (professional staff), but the robustness of the contract, the nature of the project work and sufficient communication were factors as well. Successful retention of professional staff relied upon the integration process, of which sufficient communication; goodness of organizational fit and goodness of strategic fit were factors. Successful retention of partners was based on timely communication and the importance of leadership roles for some of the acquired partners. / Organizational Analysis

Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2006.

Universiẗat, Diss.--Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2007.

Thesis (doctoral)--University of St. Gallen, 2008.

Univ., Diss., 2006 u.d.T.: Wübben, Bernd: German cross-border mergers and acquisitions in the United States--Witten,Herdecke