Noise pollution from road traffic is one of the greatest environmental issues in modern day, and the social cost for road traffic noise was estimated to over 16 billion SEK per year in Sweden in2014. Passive or active control methods can be used to reduce the noise. Active control methods or active noise control is more suitable for attenuating noise in lower frequencies. Active noise control reduces noise by eliminating the noise with a secondary source. There are different control strategies to construct an active noise control system, where the update of the secondary sourceis controlled by an algorithm. There are several different algorithms that are possible to use, and one option is to use a Feedforward Filtered-X Least-Mean-Square (FXLMS) algorithm. It uses control positions where the noise is meant to be reduced and reference signals that measure the noise upstream prior the secondary source. FXLMS also uses a model of the secondary source path to the control position in order to ensure convergence of the algorithm. Although the use of multiple reference signals increases the accuracy of the algorithm, it also increases the convergence time and the practical cost of such an installation. Unfortunately, it can require many reference signals to obtain a sufficient noise reduction when the unwanted noise source is complex and has multiple propagation paths.This study investigates the possibility of producing a new, reduced set of reference signals with a linear combination of the original reference signals that still contain the majority of information needed for suficient noise reduction. This new set of reference signals are sometimes called virtual reference signals. Three different methods of virtual reference signals are analysed; first a constant method using singular-value decomposition on the covariance of the reference signals, second another constant method using singular-value decomposition on the covariance of response estimate from each corresponding reference signal, third an adaptive algorithm updating the linear combination to adapt for incoming data. The different strategies are tested on road test measurements at three different constant speeds, 40km=h; 80km=h and 120km=h, and on data generated from a numerical vehicle model in COMSOL.The results from the analysis indicates that the virtual reference signals could sufficiently reproduce information from the original reference signals to obtain a similar noise reduction with fewer reference signals. However, the virtual reference signals with the adaptive algorithm could not manage to track a transient system where the signal amplitudes are varying over time. Further work is needed to analyse the limits and requirements to obtain virtual reference signals that can represent and track a system even for transient events.

É cada vez maior a preocupação com a poluição sonora gerada pelos transformadores de potência de subestações elétricas. Atualmente, o controle desse tipo de ruído é feito utilizando-se métodos passivos, que são caros e dificultam a manutenção dos transformadores. Uma alternativa para os métodos passivos é o controle ativo de ruído (ANC). Apesar de extensas pesquisas realizadas nas últimas três décadas, ainda não existem soluções comercialmente viáveis para o ANC de transformadores. As dificuldades para a aplicação bem sucedida do ANC para transformadores foram investigadas por meio de simulações e de testes com protótipo. Os três maiores obstáculos identificados foram: o posicionamento dos transdutores eletroacústicos; a obtenção de atenuação em uma região longe do transformador, usando um número reduzido de fontes de controle e de sensores de erro, os últimos colocados ainda na região de campo acústico próximo; e a identificação robusta do caminho secundário com baixa razão sinal/ruído. Os dois primeiros problemas foram abordados, analisando-se algumas alternativas de soluções. Algoritmos genéticos (GA) foram utilizados para a otimização da posição dos transdutores do sistema ANC. O desempenho desses algoritmos depende fortemente da modelagem acústica realizada e verificou-se que o método de Usry, escolhido para modelar o campo primário do transformador, não forneceu estimativa adequada. Usando um modelo mais simples de fonte primária, constatou-se a importância da função de mérito para o desempenho do GA. Também foi verificado que a otimização conjunta das posições dos transdutores fornece o mesmo resultado, e em menor tempo, que a otimização das posições das fontes de controle e dos sensores de erro separadamente. Simulações realizadas com uma nova estratégia de sensores virtuais (baseada no janelamento das fontes de controle) mostra que é possível aumentar o nível de atenuação longe do transformador, mesmo com um número pequeno de fontes de controle e sensores de erro. Testes com um protótipo de sistema ANC foram feitos em laboratório e em campo e os resultados desses testes são discutidos detalhadamente. / Concern regarding noise pollution caused by power transformers in electrical substations is increasing. Nowadays, this kind of noise is controlled using passive methods, which are expensive and make transformer maintenance more difficult. An alternative to passive methods is active noise control (ANC). However, despite extensive research undertaken in the last three decades, there is still no viable commercial solution for the active control of transformer noise. The difficulties for a successful implementation of an ANC solution in the case of power transformer noise are investigated through simulations and tests with a prototype. The three main obstacles found were: the positioning of the electro-acoustic transducers; the achievement of sufficient attenuation in a region far from the transformer, using a small number of control sources and error sensors (when the latter are positioned on the region of acoustic near-field); and the robust identification of the secondary path in a low signal/noise situation. The two former problems were dealt with, and some alternative solutions were analyzed. Genetic algorithms (GA) were used for the optimization of the transducers\' position. The performance of these algorithms is strongly related to the acoustical model used and it was verified that the Usry method, used for modelling the transformers primary field, did not result in an adequate estimate. Using a simplified model for the primary source, the importance of the cost function in the GA\'s performance was made evident. It was also verified that the joint optimization of transducers\' position provides the same result, and in shorter time, as the independent optimization of control source and error sensor positions. Simulations with a new virtual sensor strategy (based on windowing the control sources) show that it is possible to increase attenuation levels in a region far from the transformer, even with a small number of control sources and error sensors. Laboratory and field tests with an ANC system prototype were undertaken and the results of these tests are thoroughly discussed.

Cette thèse porte sur le contrôle acoustique actif (ANC) dans une cavité. L’objectif est d’atténuer l’effet d’une onde sonore perturbatrice en des points ou dans un volume. Ceci est réalisé à l’aide d’un contre-bruit généré, par exemple, par un haut-parleur. Cette étude requiert l’utilisation de modèles dynamiques rendant compte de l’évolution des pressions aux points d’intérêt en fonction des bruits exogènes. Ce modèle peut être obtenu par une identification fréquentielle des réponses point-à-point ou en utilisant le modèle physique sous jacent (équation des ondes). Dans ce dernier cas, la recherche d'un modèle de dimension finie est souvent un préalable à l’étude conceptuelle d'un système d’ANC. Les contributions de cette thèse portent donc sur l’élaboration de différents modèles simplifiés paramétrés par la position pour les systèmes acoustiques et sur la conception de lois de commande pour l’ANC. Le premier volet de la thèse est dédié à l’élaboration de différents modèles simplifiés de système de propagation acoustique au sein d’une cavité. Pour cela, les simplifications envisagées peuvent être de nature spatiale autant que fréquentielle. Nous montrons notamment qu'il est possible, sous certaines conditions, d’approximer le système 3D par un système 1D. Ceci a été mis en évidence expérimentalement sur le banc d’essai LS2NBox. Le second volet porte sur la conception de lois de commande. En premier lieu, les stratégies de commandes couramment utilisées pour l’ANC sont comparées. L'effet dela commande multi-objectif H en différents points voisins des points d'atténuation est analysé. La possibilité d’une annulation parfaitedu bruit en un point est aussi discutée. / This thesis deals with active noise control (ANC) in a cavity. The aim is to mitigate the effect of a disturbing sound wave at some points or in a volume. This is achieved using ananti-noise generated, for example, by a loudspeaker. This study requires the use of dynamic models that report changes in pressure at points of interest in response to exogenous noises. Such models can be obtained by frequency identification of point-to-point responses or by using the underlying physical model (wave equation). In the latter case, the search for a low-complexity model (finite dimensional model) is often a prerequisite for the conceptual study of an active control system. The contributions of this thesis concern the development of different simplified models parameterized by the spatial position for acoustic systems, and the design of control laws for noise attenuation. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to the development of various simplified models of acoustic propagation system within a cavity. For that, the simplifications envisaged can be of spatial nature as much as frequential. We show in particular that it is possible, under certain conditions, to approximate the 3D system by a 1D system. This has been demonstrated experimentally on the prototype system, LS2NBox. The second part of the thesis deals with the design of control laws. First, the control strategies commonly used for ANC are compared. The effect of multi-objective H control at different spatial positions close to the attenuation points is analyzed. The possibility of perfect noise cancellation at one point is also discussed.

É cada vez maior a preocupação com a poluição sonora gerada pelos transformadores de potência de subestações elétricas. Atualmente, o controle desse tipo de ruído é feito utilizando-se métodos passivos, que são caros e dificultam a manutenção dos transformadores. Uma alternativa para os métodos passivos é o controle ativo de ruído (ANC). Apesar de extensas pesquisas realizadas nas últimas três décadas, ainda não existem soluções comercialmente viáveis para o ANC de transformadores. As dificuldades para a aplicação bem sucedida do ANC para transformadores foram investigadas por meio de simulações e de testes com protótipo. Os três maiores obstáculos identificados foram: o posicionamento dos transdutores eletroacústicos; a obtenção de atenuação em uma região longe do transformador, usando um número reduzido de fontes de controle e de sensores de erro, os últimos colocados ainda na região de campo acústico próximo; e a identificação robusta do caminho secundário com baixa razão sinal/ruído. Os dois primeiros problemas foram abordados, analisando-se algumas alternativas de soluções. Algoritmos genéticos (GA) foram utilizados para a otimização da posição dos transdutores do sistema ANC. O desempenho desses algoritmos depende fortemente da modelagem acústica realizada e verificou-se que o método de Usry, escolhido para modelar o campo primário do transformador, não forneceu estimativa adequada. Usando um modelo mais simples de fonte primária, constatou-se a importância da função de mérito para o desempenho do GA. Também foi verificado que a otimização conjunta das posições dos transdutores fornece o mesmo resultado, e em menor tempo, que a otimização das posições das fontes de controle e dos sensores de erro separadamente. Simulações realizadas com uma nova estratégia de sensores virtuais (baseada no janelamento das fontes de controle) mostra que é possível aumentar o nível de atenuação longe do transformador, mesmo com um número pequeno de fontes de controle e sensores de erro. Testes com um protótipo de sistema ANC foram feitos em laboratório e em campo e os resultados desses testes são discutidos detalhadamente. / Concern regarding noise pollution caused by power transformers in electrical substations is increasing. Nowadays, this kind of noise is controlled using passive methods, which are expensive and make transformer maintenance more difficult. An alternative to passive methods is active noise control (ANC). However, despite extensive research undertaken in the last three decades, there is still no viable commercial solution for the active control of transformer noise. The difficulties for a successful implementation of an ANC solution in the case of power transformer noise are investigated through simulations and tests with a prototype. The three main obstacles found were: the positioning of the electro-acoustic transducers; the achievement of sufficient attenuation in a region far from the transformer, using a small number of control sources and error sensors (when the latter are positioned on the region of acoustic near-field); and the robust identification of the secondary path in a low signal/noise situation. The two former problems were dealt with, and some alternative solutions were analyzed. Genetic algorithms (GA) were used for the optimization of the transducers\' position. The performance of these algorithms is strongly related to the acoustical model used and it was verified that the Usry method, used for modelling the transformers primary field, did not result in an adequate estimate. Using a simplified model for the primary source, the importance of the cost function in the GA\'s performance was made evident. It was also verified that the joint optimization of transducers\' position provides the same result, and in shorter time, as the independent optimization of control source and error sensor positions. Simulations with a new virtual sensor strategy (based on windowing the control sources) show that it is possible to increase attenuation levels in a region far from the transformer, even with a small number of control sources and error sensors. Laboratory and field tests with an ANC system prototype were undertaken and the results of these tests are thoroughly discussed.

Windows are a weakness in building facade sound transmission loss (STL). This coupled with the detrimental effects of excessive noise exposure on human health including: annoyance, sleep deprivation, hearing impairment and heart disease, is the motivation for this investigation of the STL improvements active noise control (ANC) of windows can provide. Window speaker development, ANC window experiments and analytical modelling of ANC windows were investigated. Five different window speaker constructions were characterised then compared with a previously developed window speaker. ANC window testing used three different ANC configurations and was performed in two different environments, one with a reverberant receiving room, and the other with an anechoic receiving room. Optimisation of ANC systems with particular control source locations was the aim of the modelling. This enabled comparison with the ANC window tests and would aid in further development of ANC windows. Window speaker constructions were characterised by sound pressure level (SPL) measurements performed in an anechoic room. These measurements were made in a way that enabled comparison with the previously developed window speaker. Total sound energy reduction calculations were used to determine the relative performance of the tested ANC windows. An STL model, based on a modal panel vibration model, was initially created and verified against published STL data before it was expanded to include ANC control sources. The model was used to simulate the performed anechoic environment tests and an ideal ANC case.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this study the possible use of smart structures for noise control in a higher order acoustic duct was considered. The best option for this control was the use of axial splitters in the duct in order to prevent higher order mode propagation. It is possible to perform the active noise control in each splitter section by using a single channel control system. The use of smart structures takes advantage of the splitter plate and uses it as the control source, which substitutes the traditional loudspeakers used in active noise control systems. In order to evaluate the possibility of the noise control using smart structures, an analytical model of a thin plate with piezoelectric actuators was built then the acoustic field generated by this vibrating structure inside of the duct was obtained. However, to obtain the acoustic field inside an splitted duct, a numerical method such as the Component Mode Synthesis has to be used. Using the equation of the acoustic field generated in the duct by the plate, it was possible to obtain the acoustic field inside the splitted duct. After that, the active noise control simulations for harmonic excitations were performed and the influence of the size of the plate excited by the PZT actuators was studied. Finally the active control for random noise was simulated, in which the number of actuators in the plate was changed. In conclusion, it is possible to say that the smart structures can be used in active noise control of ducts with splitters and the advantages and disadvantages of the conveyed technique were presented. / Neste trabalho, foi estudada a proposta da utilização de estruturas inteligentes para o controle de ruído em um duto acústico com propagação de modos de alta ordem. A técnica mais adequada para este controle foi o particionamento do duto a fim de planificar as ondas que se propagam. Nesta região particionada, é possível realizar o controle ativo de ruído utilizando apenas um sensor e um atuador para cada lado da partição. A aplicação das estruturas inteligentes é proposta no sentido de aproveitar a placa particionadora para que, com a sua vibração, atuará como a fonte secundária necessária para o controle. Para a avaliação da possibilidade de controle utilizando esta técnica, primeiramente foi modelado o comportamento de uma placa instrumentada com atuadores piezoelétricos e, em seguida, obtida a modelagem analítica do campo sonoro gerado por uma estrutura vibrante no interior de um duto. Porém, a obtenção do campo acústico em um duto particionado não é facilmente obtido, sendo, então, realizada através da técnica de Síntese Modal de Componentes. Utilizando as equações do duto excitado por uma estrutura vibrante na técnica de síntese modal, foi possível obter campo acústico gerado no interior de um duto particionado. A partir disto, foram realizados simulações de controle ativo de ruído variando o trecho da placa a ser excitado para tons puros e para ruídos de banda estreita. Nesta última situação também foi avaliada a influência da quantidade de atuadores instalados. Concluiu-se deste trabalho que é possível a utilização de estruturas inteligentes no controle ativo de ruído em dutos particionados, sendo apresentadas suas vantagens e desvantagens. / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro / This work is dedicated to the study of the problem of active noise control, evaluating some numerical and experimental methodologies. The analysis is restricted to the case of noises in ducts, in which the acoustic propagation phenomena are modeled. Four approaches for this type of models are presented. The first one is formulated by using the basic equations of the acoustics. This procedure generates an infinite dimension model of the duct. In the second approach, the infinite model is truncated by using Taylor s series. The third approach performs a modal expansion using the poles of the infinite dimension model, and, in the fourth, it is also considered a modal expansion, but in this case, by taking into account zeros and poles of the infinite dimension model. The four models studied are discussed and compared in the present contribution. A second part of this work is concerned with active noise control techniques. Monochannel (which uses only a loud speaker and a microphone) and multi-channel (which uses several loud speakers and microphones) controllers are studied. The studied active noise controllers use LMS adaptive algorithms. The noise signals are filtered using X-LMS techniques. These types of controller are usually simple and robust. The coefficients of the controller (modeled as a digital filter) are determined by using an online adaptive procedure looking for minimizing the noise levels. The control methodologies are tested numerically by using the mathematical model of the acoustic duct proposed. With the aim of validating experimentally these controllers a test rig instrumented with loud speakers and microphones was built, and the algorithms were implemented using a personal computer. At the remaining, the numerical and experimental results are discussed and some suggestions are presented in order to continue future works. / Este trabalho formula e discorre sobre o problema de controle ativo de ruído e avalia algumas metodologias de controle tanto numérica como experimentalmente. A análise é restrita ao caso de ruídos em dutos, onde o fenômeno da propagação acústico é analiticamente modelado. Apresentam-se quatro abordagens para tal modelagem. A primeira, formulada a partir das equações fundamentais da acústica, gera um modelo de dimensão infinita para o duto. A segunda aproxima o modelo infinito por uma série truncada de Taylor. A terceira formulação realiza uma expansão modal, a partir dos pólos do modelo de dimensão infinita e a quarta, também realiza uma expansão modal, mas considera tanto os pólos como os zeros do modelo infinito dimensional. No trabalho são discutidos e comparados os quatro modelos numéricos propostos. Numa segunda parte este trabalho discorre-se sobre diversas técnicas de controle ativo de ruído em dutos. São estudados controladores do tipo mono canal, que utilizam um sensor e um atuador apenas e controladores do tipo multicanal, com vários sensores e atuadores. Todos os controladores ativos de ruído (CAR) estudados utilizam algoritmos adaptativos do tipo LMS (Least Mean Square) e técnicas de filtragem-X LMS. Este tipo de controlador tem como características marcantes à simplicidade e a robustez. Os coeficientes do controlador, modelado como um filtro digital, são adaptados on-line segundo uma estratégia que busca minimizar os ruídos não desejados. Estas metodologias de controle são testadas numericamente a partir do modelo matemático proposto para o duto acústico. Para avaliar também experimentalmente tais controladores, montou-se uma bancada de testes constituída por um duto de PVC instrumentada com alto falantes e microfones sendo os algoritmos de controle implementados em um microcomputador pessoal devidamente configurado. O trabalho encerra discutindo os resultados numéricos e experimentais obtidos e sugerindo desdobramentos a serem investigados no futuro. / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Acoustical noises are known as pollution sources that cause adverse effects in human life. Considerable investigations have been done to development of the new technologies in Active Noise Control. This work presents and experimentally analyses algorithms of Active Noise Control in Ducts presented in literature, including Feedforward algorithms, Feedback algorithms and Hybrid algorithms that uses both concepts. The identification of secondary path and feedback path is presented and solutions are discussed. In this way, methods of off-line and on-line modeling are presented. A short introduction about acoustics in ducts is presented and some effects that the acoustical noise can cause in human being are also discussed. Problems about the sensors and actuators displacement in the duct system, causality and signal conditioning are also argued here. An introduction about Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) e some particularities found in the development of this works are presented. In order to evaluate the control algorithms performance, an experimental acoustic duct using a standard PVC water pipe was built, where those algorithms were implemented in a DSP platform TMS320LF240A from Texas Instruments®. An analysis is done about the difficulty and recourses used for which algorithm implemented. This work ends presenting and discussing the obtained results for the different control procedures studied and pointing to some future works. / Ruídos acústicos são conhecidos como fontes de poluição sonora que podem causar efeitos adversos na vida humana. Para solucionar estes problemas, interesse considerável tem sido mostrado em Controle Ativo de Ruído. O intuito deste trabalho é estudar e analisar os principais algoritmos de Controle Ativo de Ruído presentes na literatura, incluindo algoritmos de malha aberta (Feedfoward) e de malha fechada (Feedback), bem como um sistema híbrido que utilize os dois conceitos. Os problemas relacionados aos caminhos secundário e de realimentação são apresentados e algumas soluções são discutidas. Neste âmbito, metodologias de modelagem off-line e online são apresentadas. Uma pequena introdução à acústica básica em dutos é apresentada e alguns efeitos que o ruído acústico pode causar ao ser humano são discutidos. Uma discussão é realizada a respeito do arranjo físico do sistema, incluindo escolha e posicionamento dos transdutores eletroacústicos. Problemas de causalidade e do condicionamento de sinais também são discutidos. Uma introdução a respeito dos Processadores Digitais de Sinais (DSPs) e algumas particularidades encontradas durante o desenvolvimento deste trabalho são apresentadas. Para validar a performance de alguns algoritmos de controle, montou-se uma bancada experimental constituída de um duto hidráulico de PVC utilizado como duto acústico, onde estes algoritmos foram implementados em linguagem C em uma plataforma DSP da Texas Instruments do tipo TMS320LF240A. Uma análise é realizada com respeito à dificuldade e recursos utilizados por cada algoritmo implementado. Resultados e discussões são apresentados com respeito à performance dos sistemas de controle. / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

L’atténuation des bruits gênants dans une automobile est classiquement réalisée par ajustement des caractéristiques mécaniques du véhicule : masse, raideur et amortissement. C’est une approche dite passive. Malheureusement, elle induit un ajout de masse important pour traiter les basses fréquences. Le contrôle actif de bruit (atténuation d’un bruit par superposition d’un contrebruit) est actuellement envisagé comme une solution possible à ce problème. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’évaluer les performances atteignables par cette solution. Un système acoustique étant par essence fortement résonant, sa modélisation sur une large plage de fréquence conduit à des modèles d’ordre élevé, pour l’obtention desquels une méthode d’identification appropriée doit être utilisée. C’est la méthode dessous espaces par approche fréquentielle dans le domaine continu qui a été retenue.La traduction du cahier des charges conduit à un problème de régulation multivariable H1 multi-objectif et multi-modèle avec contrainte de stabilité forte. Par ailleurs, actionneurs et capteurs ne sont pas colocalisés et on ne mesure pas la perturbation à rejeter. La volonté d’évaluer au plus près les performances atteignables justifie la résolution du problème par optimisation non lisse. Cette approche évite tout pessimisme, mais nécessite de par son caractère local une bonne initialisation et une structuration du régulateur parcimonieuse.La méthodologie proposée a été validée en simulation et expérimentalement. Elle permet une évaluation et une comparaison précises des performances atteignables en fonction des contraintes sur les mesures et les moyens d’action disponibles. / Classical methods used for noise reduction in cars are based on adjusting the mechanical properties: mass, stiffness and damping. They are qualified as passive and induce significative addition of weight for reducing low frequency noises. Active noise control is seen as a possible solution to achieve low frequency noise attenuation and weight reduction.The goal of this work is to evaluate achievable performances with such solution.Acoustic enclosures are known to be resonant systems of highorder. Obtaining a model of it, therefore requires a suitable identification method. The approach chosen is based on subspace methods. It processes data in the frequency domain for obtaining a continuous time model.The control problem derived from the specifications is a MIMO H1, multi-objective and multi-model problem with a strong stability constraint. Futhermore, actuators and sensors are not-colocated, and no measure of the disturbance is available. In order to precisely evaluate the achievable performances, this problem is solved using non smooth optimization.Such approach ensures the absence of pessimism, but requires an appropriate initialization and a parsimonious controller structure, because it does not ensure convergence toward the global optimum. The proposed methodology was validated in simulation and experimentally. It allows a precise evaluation and comparison of achievable performances according to the constraints on available measures and means of action.

An active noise control (ANC) system has been applied to the problem of attenuating low-frequency tonal noise inside small enclosures. The intended target application of the system was the reduction of the engine firing frequency inside heavy equipment cabins. The ANC system was based on a version of the filtered-x LMS adaptive algorithm, modified for the minimization of acoustic energy density (ED), rather than the more traditional minimization of squared acoustic pressure (SP). Three loudspeakers produced control signals within a mock cabin composed of a steel frame with plywood sides and a Plexiglas® front. An energy density sensor, capable of measuring acoustic pressure as well as acoustic particle velocity, provided the error signal to the control system. The ANC system operated on a single reference signal, which, for experiments involving recorded tractor engine noise, was derived from the engine's tachometer signal. For the low frequencies at which engine firing occurs, experiments showed that ANC systems minimizing ED and SP both provided significant attenuation of the tonal noise near the operator's head and globally throughout the small cabin. The tendency was for ED control to provide a more spatially uniform amount of reduction than SP control, especially at the higher frequencies investigated (up to 200 Hz). In dynamic measurement conditions, with a reference signal swept in frequency, the ED control often provided superior results, struggling less at frequencies for which the error sensor was near nodal regions for acoustic pressure. A single control channel often yielded performance comparable to that of two control channels, and sometimes produced superior results in dynamic tests. Tonal attenuation achieved by the ANC system was generally in excess of 20 dB and reduction in equivalent sound level for dynamic tonal noise often exceeded 4 dB at the error sensor. It was shown that temperature changes likely to be encountered in practice have little effect on the initial delay through the secondary control path, and are therefore unlikely to significantly impact ANC system stability in the event that a fixed set of system identification filter coefficients are employed.