Especially for last three decades many of the scholars have tried to provide general terrorist profile, which is commonly usable for all terrorists. They were seeking to identify the process of becoming terrorist (Sageman, 2004; Russel&Miller, 1977; Strentz, 1988; Hassan, 2001). The main problem on those studies is that, without looking at degree of involvement of terrorist they just focus on “who becomes a terrorist and why” and they prefer to ignore different type of characteristics about terrorist. Yilmaz (2009) tried to underline and answer this subject by studying on arrest results about DHKP/C and Hizbullah terrorist organizations in Turkey. This study aims to analyze socio-demographic and motivational differences of PKK terrorist organization members who are belong to different involvement degrees (active participant and supporter).

This dissertation explores congregational participation in worship services in the discipline of “Building up the local Church”. The research indicates the levels of participation within worship services of 98 respondents. I have felt that the low levels of participation (43 % of the respondents reported no active congregational participation and in 93% of the indicated the congregation were involved in two or less areas of the worship service) contribute to the practice of nominal Christianity. The congregation view themselves as the ‘Audience’(passive participants) at worship rather that the ‘Actors’ (active participants). The hypothesis is that ministers have centralized themselves specifically in worship and this has and is contributing towards the ‘nominal Christian’ problem experienced by the Church presently. Secondly, that a strategically planned and instituted process with the aim of involving all attendee’s at worship will facilitate active participation (the congregation become the ‘actors’ in and during the intercessory prayer time) and in so doing build up the local church. The Thesis sadly also points out that, ministers fundamental beliefs seem to have little or no influence on there practices. Of the ministers interviewed some indicated there primary task as that of ‘equipping the body of Christ’ yet those who held to that tenet had no significant levels of congregational involvement during worship. The research also shows that regardless of fundamental belief where ministers serve more than one congregation there is a 300% more congregational involvement during worship. The thesis then focuses on the roles of intercessory prayer in worship as a vehicle for getting ministry into the hands of the congregation. Interviews have been conducted and stories recorded as to the effectiveness of this process. I was particularly encouraged that the ‘sticky prayer’ as it became know took the ministry in some cases into the work place and created opportunities for ministry with in the worlds of the respondent. Beyond this it also sends a message to the world at large of the church as being faithful to God (expressed in prayer) and serving the world (those for whom we pray). / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur förskollärares val av styrning och barns delaktighet kommer till uttryck i förskollärares beskrivningar av måltidssituationen i förskolan. Studien ska bidra med att ge förskollärare en medvetenhet om måltiden och konsekvenserna av deras styrning, detta för att utveckla en så god måltidssituation som möjligt för barnen, där barnen ges möjligheter att påverka. Studien genomförs genom en kvalitativ metod där sex förskollärare intervjuas för att skapa en djupare förståelse för måltiden. Den insamlade empirin analyseras genom tematisering för att ges en överblick av vad som framkommer i empirin. I resultat och analysdelen används det teoretiska ramverket som verktyg för att analysera empirin, det teoretiska ramverket består av det sociokulturella perspektivet, barnperspektiv, barns perspektiv, stark lärarkontroll och svag lärarkontroll. I resultatet framkommer det både likheter och skillnader i förskollärares val av styrning. Förskollärare har vissa förutbestämda regler och riktlinjer som inte är föränderliga medan vissa regler och riktlinjer skapas i samspel med barnen. Förskollärarnas val av styrning visar sig bero på vilken lärarroll de intar och kan vara anpassad utefter den enskilda individen. Barnens utrymme till delaktighet ser även olika ut i olika verksamheter. Det visar sig att när förskollärarna intar en stark lärarkontroll minskar barnens utrymme för delaktighet och när förskollärarna intar en svag lärarkontroll ökar deras utrymme för delaktighet. Studiens slutsats är att förskollärarens val av styrning har en viss påverkan på barns möjligheter att bli aktiva deltagare under måltidssituationen i förskolan. / Through a qualitative method where six preschool teachers are interviewed to create a deeper understanding of the meal. The collected empirics are analyzed through thematization to give an overview of what emerges in the empirics. In the results and analysis part, the theoretical framework is used as a tool for analyzing the empirical data, the theoretical framework consists of the socio-cultural perspective, children's perspective, children's perspective, strong teacher control and weak teacher control. The results show both similarities and differences in preschool teachers' choice of governance. Preschool teachers have certain predetermined rules and guidelines that are not changeable while certain rules and guidelines are created in interaction with the children. The preschool teachers' choice of governance turns out to depend on the teaching role they take on and can be adapted to the individual. The children's space for participation also looks different in different activities. It turns out that when preschool teachers take a strong teacher control, the children's space for participation decreases and when preschool teachers take a weak teacher control, their space for participation increases. The study concludes that the preschool teacher's choice of management has a certain impact on children's opportunities to become active participants during the meal situation in preschool.

This study investigates the situation of Rwandan youth ex-combatants in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Specifically, the study examines how and why young people become involved in conflicts as fighters, how the conflict impacts upon them, and how the Disarmament, Demobilization, Rehabilitation and Reintegration programs set up by international aid agencies attempted to address the youth's special needs as they relate to reintegration in their home communities. By employing qualitative semi-structured interviews and group discussions with demobilized ex-combatant youth and other stakeholders in northern Rwanda, the study examines how the Western model and assumption of childhood and child soldiering has so far dictated the approaches of international aid agencies in response to the needs of young people in armed conflicts. The study challenges some of the assumptions and argues for a more representative and focussed approach that emphasizes on the socio-cultural context of the ex-combatants. The research shows how and why some youth voluntarily join armed groups. It also highlights the resilience of the youth in the midst of conflict and their ability to rebuild their lives. The findings of the research have some implications for the way the international aid agencies conceptualize and provide assistance to the young people affected by armed conflicts. It challenges the assumption held by the aid agencies regarding the exclusive emphases on victimization and trauma counselling, and refocuses on the need to rebuild the youth's resilience and coping strategies. / Sociology / MA (Sociology)

This study investigates the situation of Rwandan youth ex-combatants in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Specifically, the study examines how and why young people become involved in conflicts as fighters, how the conflict impacts upon them, and how the Disarmament, Demobilization, Rehabilitation and Reintegration programs set up by international aid agencies attempted to address the youth's special needs as they relate to reintegration in their home communities. By employing qualitative semi-structured interviews and group discussions with demobilized ex-combatant youth and other stakeholders in northern Rwanda, the study examines how the Western model and assumption of childhood and child soldiering has so far dictated the approaches of international aid agencies in response to the needs of young people in armed conflicts. The study challenges some of the assumptions and argues for a more representative and focussed approach that emphasizes on the socio-cultural context of the ex-combatants. The research shows how and why some youth voluntarily join armed groups. It also highlights the resilience of the youth in the midst of conflict and their ability to rebuild their lives. The findings of the research have some implications for the way the international aid agencies conceptualize and provide assistance to the young people affected by armed conflicts. It challenges the assumption held by the aid agencies regarding the exclusive emphases on victimization and trauma counselling, and refocuses on the need to rebuild the youth's resilience and coping strategies. / Sociology / MA (Sociology)