Fung, Ka Wo. / Thesis submitted in: December 2008. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 174-181). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1-13 / Chapter 1.1 --- Research Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Defining the Research Objects and Scope --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- The Sociological Perspective --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4 --- The Organization of Thesis --- p.11 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Theoretical Framework and Research Questions --- p.14-42 / Chapter 2.1 --- Current Theories and Research Studies --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2 --- Limitations of the Current Theories --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3 --- The Alternative Model: Sociological Institutionalism --- p.27 / Chapter 2.4 --- Research Questions --- p.39 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Methodological Approach --- p.43-59 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2 --- Sources of Data --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3 --- Temporal Dimension --- p.48 / Chapter 3.4 --- Method of Analysis --- p.50 / Chapter 3.5 --- Reliability --- p.58 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Exploring the Institutional Origin of ECA in the Development of Hong Kong Mass Education --- p.60-91 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2 --- Phase IA- Pre-government Intervention: Before 1967 --- p.62 / Chapter 4.3 --- Phase IB- Absorption by Government: 1967- 1981 --- p.64 / Chapter 4.4 --- Phase 1C- Initial Expansion in School Establishment: 1981-1992 --- p.67 / Chapter 4.5 --- Phase IIA- Consolidation in Education Reform: 1992-2000 --- p.73 / Chapter 4.6 --- Phase IIB- Accomplishment of Institutionalization: 2000~ --- p.79 / Chapter 4.7 --- Summary and Research Focus --- p.84 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Explaining the Change and Organization of ECA in Official Curriculum --- p.92-111 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.92 / Chapter 5.2 --- definition of Curriculum --- p.95 / Chapter 5.3 --- Aims of Education --- p.99 / Chapter 5.4 --- Pedagogy --- p.107 / Chapter 5.5 --- Summary --- p.111 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Public Discourse of Professional Bodies as Agency of Reform --- p.113-148 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.113 / Chapter 6.2 --- Textual Analysis --- p.115 / Chapter 6.3 --- Contents analysis --- p.141 / Chapter 6.4 --- Summary --- p.146 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.149-165 / Chapter 7.1 --- Major Findings --- p.150 / Chapter 7.2 --- Research Implications --- p.155 / Chapter 7.3 --- Limitations --- p.159 / Chapter 7.4 --- Possible Future Inquiries --- p.164 / Appendix / Reference / List of Tables / Table 1. Top ten ECA items in secondary schools --- p.71 / Table 2. Definition of ECA in curriculum --- p.97 / Table 3: The distribution of the background of the auth ors across time --- p.142 / Table 4: The distribution of the orientation of the articles across time --- p.142 / Table 5: The distribution of articles oriented in policy and foreign model of ECA in Phase I and Phase II --- p.143

For those individuals who committed serious crimes, treatment often shows lack of positive effects in terms of social, psychological and behavioral change (Latessa, Cullen & Gendreau, 2002). Not only is the treatment high in cost, but sometimes also results in negative outcomes through the deterioration of an individual’s behavior, as well as their social and psychological function. Due to the goals and values in society, there is a requirement that the human services and treatment organizations can provide a concise image regarding the extent of given interventions but also whether their efficient in terms of improving the individuals’ over all wellbeing. The overall aim with this study is to investigate how treatment within prison settings is distributed in terms of promoting positive changing processes through daily around-the-clock activities. This study has a qualitative approach where the data has been conducted through interviews with the staff at T-unit, Kumla prison. The result shows that the treatment is practiced in accordance with the risk, need and responsivity model. However, there is a lack of interaction between the prison officer’s and the inmate’s which prevent the specific treatment to connect with the daily activities which in turn prevent a positive socialization process to occur. / För de personer som har begått allvarliga brott, visar behandling ofta på föga effekter i form av sociala, psykologiska och beteendemässiga förändringar (Latessa, Cullen & Gendreau, 2002). Behandlingen innebär inte enbart höga ekonomiska kostnader men resulterar också ibland i negativa resultat genom en försämring av en individs beteende i form av dennes sociala och psykologiska funktion. På grund av de mål och värden som finns i samhället, finns det krav på att människobehandlande organisationer ska tillhandahålla en koncis bild gällande omfattningen av deras insatser men även huruvida dessa insatser är effektiva i form av att förbättra enskilda individers mående. Det övergripande syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur behandling, genom en dygnet runt process i en anstaltsmiljö, bedrivs för att främja positiva förändringsprocesser. Denna studie har en kvalitativ ansats där intervjuer har genomförts med personalen på T-huset, Kumla anstalt. Resultatet visar att behandlingen utövas i enlighet med risk, behov och responsivitetsmodellen. Dock finns det en brist på interaktion mellan kriminalvårdarna och de intagna vilket hindrar den specifika behandlingen från att knyta an till de dagliga aktiviteterna vilket i sin tur hindrar en positiv socialisationsprocess.

Ambergris, a secretion from the large intestine of the sperm whale, is one of the most important animal perfumes. It is abundant in steroid lipids, the tricyclic triterpene ambrein, a fatty compound bearing some resemblance to cholesterin on considered as one of the main constituents. Ambrein has been used as a stimulant to the circulatory and nervous systems. It has likewise been employed in low grades of fevers and the folk use of this drug as an aphrodisiac is well known. It is more generally used in the preparation of perfumes. (E)-Ambrein (1) was used as starting material for allylic oxidation with SeO2 / dioxane to yield 15£\-hydroxy-(E)-ambrein (2), 15£]-hydroxy-(E)-ambrein (3), 27- hydroxy-(E)-ambrein (4) and 15-oxo-(E)-ambrein (5). Compounds 2, 3 and 4 were modified by benzoylation with benzoyl chloride / pyridine to afford 15£\-benzoyl- (E)-ambrein (6), 15£]-benzoyl-(E)-ambrein (7) and 27-benzoyl-(E)-ambrein (8). On the other hand, compound 3 was modified by cyclization with PPTS to give 8£\,13- epoxy-(E)-ambrein (9) and 8£\,15-epoxy-(E)-ambrein (10) which were crystallized from CH2Cl2 / MeOH ( 1:10 ). A mixture of compounds 3 and 4 was subjected to oxidation by PCC to produce compound 5. In addition, the absolute configurations of compounds 3 and 4 were determined by Mosher¡¦s method. Moreover, 8£],13- Epoxy-14-hydroxy-(E)-ambrein (11) and 4-(2,2-dimethyl-6-methylene-cyclohexyl) -butan-2-one (12) were obtained from photoreaction of 1. The structures of these modified compounds were determined on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR techniques including 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, COSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOESY experiments and single-crystal X-ray structural analysis. The cytotoxic activities of all the synthetic compounds were determined against Hepa59T / VGH, WiDr, A-549 and MCF-7 cells using the MTT assay. Among the tested compounds, 2 and 5 showed moderate cytotoxic activity against tumor cells. Compound 3 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against A-549 cells selectively.

Comments and Discussions : Hitoshi HIRAKAWA (平川均)

Thesis (M.A.)--Kent State University, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Nov. 30, 2009). Advisor: Manfred van Dulmen. Keywords: extracurricular activity participation; adolescent antisocial behavior; deviant peer affiliation; perceived friendship closeness. Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-45).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2003. / Supervisor: Jennifer Matjasko. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Central Connecticut State University, 2003. / Thesis advisor: H. Jane Fried. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Counseling." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 40-46). Also available via the World Wide Web.

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