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Submitted by ARNALDO DE FREITAS VIEIRA null (profarnaldovieira@hotmail.com) on 2017-12-04T14:39:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Arnaldo F Vieira - Dissertação Mestrado FAAC Bauru.pdf: 20188651 bytes, checksum: 3e7720a525d60d4f2ac2997e59f4781c (MD5) / Submitted by ARNALDO DE FREITAS VIEIRA null (profarnaldovieira@hotmail.com) on 2017-12-04T14:43:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Arnaldo F Vieira - Dissertação Mestrado FAAC Bauru.pdf: 20188651 bytes, checksum: 3e7720a525d60d4f2ac2997e59f4781c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Minervina Teixeira Lopes null (vina_lopes@bauru.unesp.br) on 2017-12-04T16:09:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 vieira_af_me_bauru.pdf: 19724701 bytes, checksum: b02ad6692632d3969b2929c39ec07a31 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-04T16:09:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 vieira_af_me_bauru.pdf: 19724701 bytes, checksum: b02ad6692632d3969b2929c39ec07a31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-26 / Este projeto pretende enfocar a problemática que permeia a adaptação de obras literárias para os meios audiovisuais, mais em especifico, o cinema brasileiro, por meio da análise da obra Elite da Tropa, de Luiz Eduardo Soares, André Batista e Rodrigo Pimentel, e sua transposição cinematográfica Tropa de Elite, filme dirigido por José Padilha. Desta forma, temos o interesse de, no cerne do processo da tradução/adaptação, investigar relações discursivas entre o factual e o ficcional que marcam tanto o livro quanto o filme, analisando a presença de traços de reportagem jornalística na obra literária e de cinema documental na obra Fílmica. / This project intends to focus the problematic that permeates the adaptation of literary works to the audiovisual media, more specifically, the brazilian cinema, through the analysis of book Elite‟s Troop, from Luiz Eduardo Soares, André Batista and Rodrigo Pimentel and your cinematographic transition Elite Squad, directed by José Padilha. In this way, we have the interest of investigating the discursive relations between the factual and the fictional that mark both the book and the film, analyzing the presence of traits of journalistic reporting in the literary work and documentary film in the film work.

Sustainable development is described by the World Commission on Environment and Development as ―development that meets the needs of present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs‖. Sustainability assessments are an integrative process and framework for effective integration of social, economic and ecological considerations in significant decision-making processes. Sustainability is incorporated into South African legislation such as the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996), the National Environmental Management Act (Act 107 of 1998), as well as Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations. Despite the existence of such legislation, the challenge lies in the effective implementation of the EIA process, which has been identified as a useful tool in striving towards achieving sustainable development. This research uses Gibson‘s eight sustainability principles and Gaudreau and Gibson‘s sub-criteria to develop a case specific set of sustainability criteria for coal fired power stations in South Africa. The energy generation sector is a major source of social and environmental impacts. Coal power stations contribute to environmental degradation such as reduced air, water and land quality. This industrial process impacts on the environment and therefore needs to strive towards sustainable development by considering these criteria during the EIA process. The set of case specific sustainability criteria for power stations was then used to evaluate the EIA developed for Medupi Power Station in South Africa in order to assess, the extent to which sustainability was considered in the EIA process. The key finding is that sustainability is incorporated into South African legislation hence no change in legislation is required. Despite the existence of legislation, the challenge lies in the fact that is it not always effectively implemented. The EIA process is seen as a tool that can effectively deliver sustainability outcomes. However this process is not effectively utilised. In order for the EIA to consider sustainability the focus needs to be on the following criteria: Intragenerational Equity; Precaution and Adaptation for Resilience; as well as Immediate and Long term Integration, as these were recognised as weaknesses after the evaluation process. The recommendation is also to develop a set of case specific sustainability criteria for other large industries that have significant environmental impacts. / MSc (Environmental Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Sustainable development is described by the World Commission on Environment and Development as ―development that meets the needs of present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs‖. Sustainability assessments are an integrative process and framework for effective integration of social, economic and ecological considerations in significant decision-making processes. Sustainability is incorporated into South African legislation such as the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996), the National Environmental Management Act (Act 107 of 1998), as well as Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations. Despite the existence of such legislation, the challenge lies in the effective implementation of the EIA process, which has been identified as a useful tool in striving towards achieving sustainable development. This research uses Gibson‘s eight sustainability principles and Gaudreau and Gibson‘s sub-criteria to develop a case specific set of sustainability criteria for coal fired power stations in South Africa. The energy generation sector is a major source of social and environmental impacts. Coal power stations contribute to environmental degradation such as reduced air, water and land quality. This industrial process impacts on the environment and therefore needs to strive towards sustainable development by considering these criteria during the EIA process. The set of case specific sustainability criteria for power stations was then used to evaluate the EIA developed for Medupi Power Station in South Africa in order to assess, the extent to which sustainability was considered in the EIA process. The key finding is that sustainability is incorporated into South African legislation hence no change in legislation is required. Despite the existence of legislation, the challenge lies in the fact that is it not always effectively implemented. The EIA process is seen as a tool that can effectively deliver sustainability outcomes. However this process is not effectively utilised. In order for the EIA to consider sustainability the focus needs to be on the following criteria: Intragenerational Equity; Precaution and Adaptation for Resilience; as well as Immediate and Long term Integration, as these were recognised as weaknesses after the evaluation process. The recommendation is also to develop a set of case specific sustainability criteria for other large industries that have significant environmental impacts. / MSc (Environmental Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Low Latency Low Loss Scalable Throughput (L4S) is a technology which aims to provide high throughput and low latency for the IP traffic, lowering also the probability of packet loss. To reach this goal, it relies on Explicit Con- gestion Notification (ECN), a mechanism to signal congestion in the network avoiding packets drop. The congestion signals are then managed at sender and receiver side thanks to scalable congestion control algorithms. Initially, in this work the challenges to implement L4S in a 5G network have been analyzed. Using a proprietary state-of-the-art network simulator, L4S have been imple- mented at the Packed Data Convergence Protocol layer in a 5G network. The 5G network scenario represents a context where the physical layer has a carrier frequency of 600 MHz, a transmission bandwidth of 9 MHz, and the proto- col stack follows the New Radio (NR) specifications. L4S has been adopted to support Augmented Reality (AR) video gaming traffic, using the IETF ex- perimental standard Self-Clocked Rate Adaptation for Multimedia (SCReAM) for congestion control. The results showed that when supported by L4S, the video gaming traffic experiences lower delay than without L4S support. The improvement on latency comes with an intrinsic trade-off between throughput and latency. In all the cases analyzed, L4S yields to average application layer throughput above the minimum requirements of high-rate latency-critical ap- plication, even at high system load. Furthermore, the packet loss rate has been significantly reduced thanks to the introduction of L4S, and if used in combi- nation with a Delay Based Scheduler (DBS), a packet loss rate very close to zero has been reached. / Low Latency Low Loss Scalable Throughput (L4S) är en teknik som syftar till att ge hög bittakt och låg fördröjning för IP-trafik, vilket också minskar sanno- likheten för paketförluster. För att nå detta mål förlitar det sig på Explicit Cong- estion Notification (ECN), en mekanism för att signalera "congestion", det vill säga köuppbyggnad i nätverket för att undvika att paketet kastas. Congestion- signalerna hanteras sedan vid avsändare och mottagarsida där skalbar anpass- ning justerar bittakten efter rådande omständigheter. I detta arbete har utma- ningarna att implementera L4S i ett 5G-nätverk analyserats. Sedan har L4S implementerats på PDCP lagret i ett 5G-nätverkssammanhang genom att an- vända en proprietär nätverkssimulator. För att utvärdera fördelarna med imple- menteringen har L4S-funktionerna använts för att stödja Augmented Reality (AR) videospelstrafik, med IETF-experimentella standard Self-Clocked Rate Adaptation for Multimedia (SCReAM) för bitrate-kontroll. Resultaten visade att med stöd av L4S upplever videospelstrafiken lägre latens än utan stöd av L4S. Förbättringen av latens kommer med nackdelen av en minskning av bit- takt som dikteras av den inneboende avvägningen mellan bittakt och latens. I vilket fall som helst är kapacitetsminskningen med L4S rimlig, eftersom goda kapacitetsprestanda har uppnåtts även vid hög systembelastning. Vidare har paketförlustfrekvensen reducerats avsevärt tack vare införandet av L4S, och om den används i kombination med en Delay baserad schemaläggare (DBS) har en paketförluster mycket nära noll uppnåtts.

Due to climate change and natural variations in the hydrological cycle, global mean sea levels are increasing, causing the mean sea levels in different regions of the world to increase. In Sweden, coastal cities are facing rising water levels which is increasing flooding. The coastal community of Gothenburg, Sweden was identified the 18th most vulnerable city in the country both to flooding induced by water level rise and other climate change related impacts. Its location, in proximity of Lake Vänern, and in the mouth of the Göta River and its tributaries: Säveån, Mölndalsån and Lärjeån is heightening flood risk and vulnerability in the area. This thesis aims to contribute in comprehending the integration process of natural hazard and climate change adaptation for flood management in Älvstaden- central Gothenburg between 1999 and 2015. With the main objectives being” how the municipality of Gothenburg has applied the urban land use planning theory for the integration of natural hazard and climate change adaptation, with regards to adaptation for flood management in Älvstaden between 1999 and 2015? “What climate change adaptation policies for flood management have been implemented in Gothenburg within this time frame, and how the policies have been revised to match the reality of flood issues?” And “What improvements would be made in the integration process to better address adaptation for flood management?” A desk-based research and one case study approach was adopted for this study. The findings indicate that although the city has systematically used the steps involved in the integration process of natural hazard and climate change adaptation for flood management, it does not link the policies and the measures applied to adaptation for flood management. Which is an issue as it has led to the exclusion of vital functions of the integration process. Suggestions on how the integration process could be improved are provided.

Entre la fin des années 1860 et le milieu des années 1920, la philologie, la grammaire historique et l’histoire de la langue sont introduites dans l’enseignement supérieur français grâce à la création de postes et de chaires dans des établissements nouvellement fondés, comme l’École Pratique des Hautes Études et l’École normale supérieure de jeunes filles de Sèvres, ou profondément rénovés, comme la Faculté des lettres de Paris. La disciplinarisation de ces savoirs linguistiques de type historique participe du rapprochement entre enseignement et recherche et, ainsi, du renouvellement du système universitaire. En atteste la carrière dans les trois institutions citées de Gaston Paris, Arsène Darmesteter et Ferdinand Brunot, retracée à l’aide de correspondances privées et de documents d’archives d’ordre institutionnel. L’analyse de documents publiés par les établissements eux-mêmes (affiches, livrets, comptes rendus d’enseignements, ouvrages commémoratifs) met en évidence les difficultés que rencontrent ces trois enseignants pour s’adapter aux divers publics étudiants et aux préconisations officielles. Leurs notes de cours reflètent un travail de didactisation, qui passe par des pratiques d’écriture diverses dont on identifie les spécificités à l’aide des outils de la génétique textuelle. L’étude approfondie de deux objets de savoir met en lumière l’intérêt de ces notes en tant que sources pour l’histoire des idées linguistiques et de leur enseignement. D’abord, l’histoire de l’orthographe française, bien qu’absente des intitulés des cours, est présente dans les notes de cours. Ensuite, le « latin vulgaire » est un thème porteur d’enjeux idéologiques et épistémologiques majeurs invisibles dans les affichages institutionnels. / Between the late 1860s and the mid-1920s, philology, historical grammar and language history are introduced into the French higher education system with the creation of positions and tenures in newly founded schools, such as the École Pratique des Hautes Études and the girls’ École normale supérieure in Sèvres, and in deeply transformed institutions, like the Paris Faculty of Letters. Making history-oriented linguistic knowledge into disciplines contributed to bring teaching and research closer together and led to the rebirth of the university system. This is illustrated by the careers of Gaston Paris, Arsène Darmesteter and Ferdinand Brunot in these institutions as evidenced by private correspondence and institutional archive material. The analysis of documents published by the establishments (posters, booklets, teaching records, anniversary publications) casts light on the problems these teachers faced when attempting to adapt to various student populations and official guidelines. Their teaching notes reveal content adaptation through diverse writing practices, which we identify and characterize by using text genetics. The in-depth study of two knowledge contents demonstrates the use that can be made of these notes as sources for the history of linguistic thought and its teaching. Firstly with the history of French orthography which is present in teaching notes, although it does not appear in course titles. Secondly with vulgar Latin as a theme that pertains to major ideological and epistemological issues which are invisible in institutional display material.