Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Ryan Elizabeth Keutzer, for the Master degree in Architecture, presented on July 10, 2009, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: LOOKING TO THE PAST TO PLAN A FUTURE MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Craig Anz Preserving, conserving, rehabilitating, renovating and adaptively reusing historic buildings is one of the most "sustainable"*; building practices today. "Older and historic buildings comprise more than half of the existing buildings in the United States and the retention and reuse of these buildings preserves the materials, embodied energy, and human capital already expended in their construction. The recycling of buildings is one of the most beneficial `green' practices, and stresses the importance and value of historic preservation in the overall promotion of sustainability." The focus of this project will be Shryock Auditorium, located within Southern Illinois University's campus. The research will establish significance of the 1917 building through analysis of the Architect**, the University, the architecture, and the social framework surrounding its inception. Analysis of the current needs of the Auditorium will be done by working with its users and staff. By comparing the current needs with the original intent of the building, the design solution, will be a compromise of both old and new. * "Sustainable", in the context of this project, refers to the idea of preserving the sense of place within a "community" - in this case the community of SIU, Carbondale, and southern Illinois. ** Placing the building in its historical narrative and studying the architect, James B. Dibelka, a prominent Bohemian Chicagoan and also the State Architect of this time, gives significance to the importance of preserving its spirit within the context. Technical Committee on Sustainable Preservation, "Greening Preservation through Collaboration," The Association for Preservation Technology International, http://www.apti.org/about/technical.cfm#A5A (accessed June 25, 2009).

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第13827号 / 工博第2931号 / 新制||工||1433(附属図書館) / 26043 / UT51-2008-C743 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科材料化学専攻 / (主査)教授 大嶌 幸一郎, 教授 檜山 爲次郎, 教授 松原 誠二郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

Natural selection should favor selective foraging in deer to choose among nutrients in plant communities to meet their physiological requirements. I designed a two-tier cafeteria-style experiment where I measured plant nutritional quality and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) use on 1) 15 species of herbaceous plants, and 2) 2 species of plants of manipulated nutrient concentrations. I tested the hypotheses: 1) deer use across plants would be influenced by plant nutrients, and 2) soil nutrients would influence plant selection by deer. My analyses indicated deer selected plants of low neutral detergent fiber and sulfur concentrations. However, deer selected for crude protein. I also confirmed soil nutrients indirectly influenced diet selection. Nutrient augmentation altered phosphorus concentrations within plants, and plant phosphorus concentration explained 47% of the variation in diet selection. My data indicated deer use both nutrient maximization and avoidance to balance diet selection and plants mediate the indirect effects of soil nutrients availability on herbivore diet selection.

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This thesis explores how to design an addition to a modern building that makes the building users cognizant of the layers of history while simultaneously creating spaces that respond to the needs of the occupants today. The existing building, the Washington D.C. Central Library, designed by Mies van der Rohe, is conserved and rehabilitated maintaining the library function and new space is created for the Foundation for the Study of Social Media. The addition and the surgical rehabilitation of the existing are informed by the design concepts and details of Mies van der Rohe as well as the theories of Carlo Scarpa. The project evolves through a detail outward design approach in which material and spatial relationships at critical joints are first determined and then used to inform the design of the whole. / Master of Architecture

Two architectural entities meet at a point in time, to form a simultaneous presence of both, habitation and expression. An architectural intervention in that sense is an evolutionary process in which ideas of different periods and languages are examined, translated and confronted. Even though opposed in their characteristics, they confer into a dialog of unity. The juxtaposition of architectural ideals, environmental resources and technologies of various times become stratified in a continuity of building. / Master of Architecture

Targeted covalent inhibitors (TCIs) are irreversible enzyme inhibitors that are designed to first bind to a targeted enzyme’s active site reversibly using non-covalent interactions between the molecular scaffold of the inhibitor and the surrounding amino acid residues of the enzyme’s binding site. They then form a covalent bond between the inhibitor’s electrophilic warhead and a nucleophilic amino acid residue located inside of the binding pocket. Cysteine (Cys), a redox-sensitive thiol, is found in many enzyme active sites and is used as the target for many current TCIs in clinical application. Electrophilic warheads such as acrylamides and chloroacetamides are known to readily undergo thiol-addition, and although they are commonly used in the development of enzyme inhibitors, few previous studies have explored the mechanism of thiol-addition and the intrinsic reactivities of these moieties. In this work, a robust kinetic assay was developed to perform mechanistic studies of thiol-addition to the electrophilic warhead derivatives N-phenylacrylamide (NPA), N-acryloylpiperidine (AcrPip), and N-phenylchloroacetamide (NPC). By reacting these warhead derivatives with thiol nucleophiles having various pKa values, we were able to construct Brønsted-type plots, resulting in shallow positive βNucRS- values for NPA, AcrPip and NPC (βNucRS- = 0.07 ± 0.04, 0.11 ± 0.03, and 0.21 ± 0.07, respectively), meaning that these electrophiles are relatively insensitive to thiolate nucleophilicity. However, while the trend in their reactivity across thiolate nucleophilicity is similar, their intrinsic reactivity was found to be vastly different. In conjunction with the Brønsted-type plot, temperature, ionic strength, and kinetic isotope effects were studied to afford information about the rate-limiting transition state and elucidate the mechanism of thiol-addition. NPA and AcrPip were found to undergo very similar thiol-additions, consistent with the microscopic reverse of the E1cbrev elimination, whereas NPC follows an SN2 type addition, consistent with the intuitive mechanism of addition to a haloacetamide.

I. Enantioselective Rhodium-Catalysed Arylation of Electron-Deficient Alkenylarenes β-substituted alkenyl-para-nitroarenes, an unexplored substrate class for catalytic asymmetric addition reactions, undergo highly enantioselective rhodium-catalysed arylations with arylboronic acids in the presence of a dibenzylamide-containing chiral diene ligand. One example of the asymmetric arylation of an alkenyl-p-cyano-m-( trifluoromethyl)benzene is also reported. The scope of this process is broad with variation in the β-position of the alkene, additional substituents on the electrondeficient arene, and sterically and electronically unique arylboronic acids all tolerated. The synthetic utility of the developed methodology is demonstrated by smoothly converting one arylated product into its corresponding indole via the Bartoli reaction. II. Enantioselective Copper-Catalysed Reductive Coupling of Alkenylazaarenes with Ketones Catalytic enantioselective methods for the preparation of chiral azarene-containing compounds are of high value. By combining the utility of copper hydride catalysis with the ability of C=N-containing azaarenes to activate adjacent alkenes toward nucleophilic additions, the enantioselective reductive coupling of alkenylazaarenes with ketones has been developed. The process is tolerant of a wide variety of azaarenes and ketones, and provides aromatic heterocycles bearing tertiary-alcoholcontaining sidechains with high levels of diastereo- and enantioselection.