A Indústria 4.0 surge com o objetivo de desenvolver fábricas inteligentes, com alto grau de autonomia e flexibilidade, através da adoção de tecnologias digitais de forma integrada nas empresas e suas cadeias de valor. Ao mesmo tempo, a Indústria 4.0 promove benefícios que vão além da performance operacional, como o desenvolvimento de novas ofertas e novos modelos de negócios para as empresas. A Indústria 4.0 é originada na Alemanha, país com alta performance tecnológica, e rapidamente inspira outras iniciativas no mundo inteiro, inclusive em países emergentes como o Brasil. Estes países possuem maiores barreiras para a adoção das tecnologias relacionadas ao conceito, principalmente devido à atual situação tecnológica dos seus parques industriais. Embora a Indústria 4.0 seja um tema crescente na literatura, ainda existem grandes lacunas de estudo sobre a adoção de tecnologias relacionadas ao conceito no contexto de países emergentes, principalmente por se tratar de uma iniciativa recente. Logo, o objetivo desta dissertação é estudar o conceito da Indústria 4.0 no Brasil, de forma a entender quais são os benefícios do conceito para a performance industrial e as tecnologias habilitadoras. O trabalho tem uma abordagem quantitativa, com análises estatísticas aplicadas em dados de pesquisas surveys conduzidas em nível nacional. Os principais resultados obtidos foram: (i) identificação da relação entre as tecnologias e os benefícios esperados do conceito, (ii) identificação de disparidades entre a percepção industrial brasileira e a literatura sobre os benefícios da Indústria 4.0, (iii) identificação da abrangência do conceito da Indústria 4.0, compreendendo elementos que transcendem a manufatura avançada, e (iv) identificação de tecnologias habilitadoras para a implantação do conceito. Sob a perspectiva acadêmica, esta dissertação traz importantes contribuições para o entendimento do conceito e das tecnologias da Indústria 4.0, assim como o impacto destas na performance industrial. Do ponto de vista prático, os resultados auxiliam na compreensão de um tema de alta relevância empresarial, contribuindo com perspectivas para a diretriz estratégica das empresas à Indústria 4.0. / Industry 4.0 arises with the goal to develop smart factories, with advanced autonomy and flexibility, through the adoption of digital technologies in an integrated manner in companies and in their value chains. The Industry 4.0enables benefits beyond operational performance, as the development of new offerings and new business models for companies. Industry 4.0 was developed in Germany, a country with high technological performance, and quickly inspires other initiatives in the whole world, in developed and emergent countries such as Brazil. These countries face major barriers for the adoption of technologies related to the concept, mainly due to the current technological level of their industrial sites. Even though Industry 4.0 is a growing field in literature, there are still considerable gaps of studies about the adoption of technologies related to the concept in the context of emergent countries, mostly due to its novelty. Therefore, this dissertation aims to study the concept of Industry 4.0 in Brazil, in order to understand its benefits for industrial performance and its enabling technologies. This study has a quantitative approach, with statistical analysis of data from national surveys. The main outcomes obtained were: (i) the identification of a relation between technologies and the expected benefits of the concept, (ii) the identification of disparities between Brazilian industrial perception and the literature about Industry 4.0 benefits, (iii) the identification of a wide scope of Industry 4.0 concept, comprising elements that transcends smart manufacturing, and (iv) the identification of enabling technologies for the implementation of the concept. Under academic perspective, this dissertation brings important contributions to understand the Industry 4.0 concept and technologies, and its impact on industrial performance. As practical contributions, the results contribute for the understandings of a high relevant theme for companies, contributing with perspectives for their strategical orientation towards Industry 4.0.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2017-03-24T18:56:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gabriella Agapito Tomaz - 2017.pdf: 1710841 bytes, checksum: c380ed045d9119c603f1a7580313c2ab (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-03-28T11:34:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gabriella Agapito Tomaz - 2017.pdf: 1710841 bytes, checksum: c380ed045d9119c603f1a7580313c2ab (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-28T11:34:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gabriella Agapito Tomaz - 2017.pdf: 1710841 bytes, checksum: c380ed045d9119c603f1a7580313c2ab (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Population growth is becoming more constant in Brazil and in the world, as a consequence, it is possible to identify a need not to increase the quantity of food produced and, consequently, the development of agriculture and livestock in the country. The challenge faced by producers regarding the production of grains, milk, meat, wood and fiber diversify the production systems. However, a degradation of pasture is a problem for the productive advancement of food and a multiplicity of production systems. The Forest Livestock Integration - The ILPF emerges to solve this problem and is based on a sustainable production strategy that involves and integrates agricultura!, forestry and forestry activities in a sarne area of rural property, in consortium, sequential or rotational planning. It looks for synergistic effects among the components of the agricultura! ecosystem, contemplating an environmental suitability, a valuation of the man and an economic viability. The objective of this work is to study the ·levei of adoption, barriers and opportunities for an ILPF in the State of Goiás. The methodology used to perform this work is a qualitative research, the study was segmented into two stages, where the first step was semi-structured interviews With experts in the area of ILPF, who are collaborators of the Federation of Agriculture and Livestock of Goiás - FAEG, Researchers of the Agricultura! Research Company - EMBRAPA and collaborators of the Company of Technical Assistance and Rural Extension of the State of Goiás - EMATER - GO, an end Of data collection for a company of the adopted area of ILPF in the state. The second stage consisted of semi­structured interviews, together with a sample of producers from regions of the State of Goiás that adopted and did not adopt an ILPF. This stage aims to detect the difficulties that are presented to adopt the system and those that do not identify as barriers that prevent to join an ILPF. These producers were defined from the conversation with the ILPF experts who directed them to the adopters and non-adopters of the system. The results obtained with a research made it possible to study an area of ILPF adoption in Goiás, to identify as barriers mentioned by farmers and ranchers and to present suggestions for improvement to make feasible a ILPF implementation. / O crescimento populacional vem se tornando cada vez mais constante no Brasil e no mundo, em decorrência disso, é possível identificar a necessidade no aumento da quantidade de alimentos produzida e, consequentemente, o desenvolvimento da agricultura e da pecuária no país. O desafio enfrentado pelos produtores em relação à produção de grãos, leite, carne, madeira e fibra é diversificar os sistemas produtivos. Todavia, a degradação das pastagens se torna um problema para o avanço produtivo de alimentos e a multiplicidade dos sistemas de produção. A Integração Lavoura Pecuária Floresta - ILPF surgiu para resolver esse entrave, e se baseia em uma estratégia de produção sustentável que envolve e integra atividades agrícolas, pecuárias e florestais em uma mesma área de propriedade rural, em plantio consorciado, sequencial ou rotacional. Busca efeitos sinérgicos entre os componentes do agro ecossistema, contemplando a adequação ambiental, a valorização do homem e a viabilidade econômica. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar o nível de adoção, barreiras e oportunidades para a ILPF no Estado de Goiás. A metodologia utilizada para realizar este trabalho é a pesquisa qualitativa, e o estudo foi segmentado em duas etapas, onde na primeira etapa foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com especialistas na área de ILPF, que são colaboradores da Federação da Agricultura e Pecuária de Goiás - FAEG, Pesquisadores da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - EMBRAPA e colaboradores da Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural do estado de Goiás - EMATER - GO, a fim de levantar dados para a estimação da área adotada de ILPF no estado. A segunda etapa consistiu na realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, junto a uma amostra de produtores de regiões do Estado de Goiás que adotaram e não adotaram a ILPF. Esta etapa visa detectar as dificuldades que eles tiveram para adotar o sistema e aos que não adotaram identificar as barreiras que os impede de aderir a ILPF. Esses produtores foram definidos a partir da conversa com os especialistas em ILPF que direcionaram aos produtores adotantes e não 'adotantes do sistema. Os resultados obtidos com a pesquisa possibilitaram estudar a área de adoção da ILPF em Goiás, identificar as barreiras mencionadas por agricultores e pecuaristas e apresentar sugestões de melhoria para viabilizar a implantaçao da ILPF.

No description available.

Technological search is often depicted to be random. This paper takes a different view and analyses how innovative recombinant search is triggered, how it is done and what initial conditions influence the final design of technological artefacts. We argue that complementarities (non-separabilities) play an important role as focusing devices guiding the search for new combinations. Our analysis takes the perspective of technology adopters and not that of inventors or innovators of new products. We illustrate the process of decomposition and re-composition under the presence of binding complementarity constraints with a historical case study on the establishment of the First IT Regime at the turn of the 19th century. (author's abstract) / Series: Working Papers Series "Growth and Employment in Europe: Sustainability and Competitiveness"

This paper presents a theoretical framework along "Classical" lines in which Schumpeter's concept of "Creative Response" is linked to a theory of induced innovation and the concept of technological regimes. We devote particular attention to the role of indivisibilities between factors of production. On the basis of this framework, we study the adoption of early information technologies, such as typewriters, calculators or Hollerith machines in US manufacturing in the period between 1870 and 1930. We show how the presence of a distinct bias in technical change in US manufacturing led to the opening of a window of opportunity for early information technologies, and how the presence of this bias influenced the technological search and adoption process of firms and how this found its final reflection in the rules and heuristics of the new regime. (author's abstract) / Series: Working Papers Series "Growth and Employment in Europe: Sustainability and Competitiveness"

Avec la place prépondérante qu’occupent les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) en éducation, nous avons cherché lors de cette étude à comprendre le processus d’adoption d’une innovation pédagogique avec les TIC. Plus précisément, c’est avec un environnement numérique d’apprentissage (ENA) que le contexte d’innovation a été mis en place. Pour ce faire, un ENA a été déployé pour l’ensemble des enseignants et des élèves du secondaire d’une commission scolaire de la région de Montréal. Au préalable, les enseignants n’avaient pas accès à un ENA et la plupart n’avaient jamais été en contact, autant comme enseignant ou en tant qu’apprenant, à un ENA. Nous pouvions par conséquent considérer la situation comme étant innovante. C’est donc dans ce contexte d’innovation pédagogique avec les TIC que nous avons réalisé cette recherche. L’objectif général de la recherche avait pour but de mettre en place un prototype d’ENA afin d’identifier les facteurs qui favorisent l’adoption de l’innovation par les enseignants du secondaire puis de voir quelles sont les perceptions de l’ENA lors d’un design de fonctionnalités pédagogiques et dans quelle mesure les enseignants ont perçu les affordances. Également, cela a permis d’élaborer des principes de design pour que les enseignants puissent mieux exploiter les TIC avec l’ENA. Pour réaliser cette recherche, nous avons utilisé l’approche méthodologique Design-Based Research. Ainsi, nous avons effectué trois itérations qui comprennent chacune un cycle caractérisé par le design d’un prototype, son implémentation, sa mise à l’essai dans un contexte réel et son évaluation. L’objectif de la première itération était d’abord exploratoire. Celle-ci visait l’implémentation et l’expérimentation de l’ENA en prévision d’une diffusion large. Une entrevue de groupe et un journal de bord ont permis de documenter cette itération. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que l’ENA était pertinent pour les enseignants. Cependant, nous avons relevé qu’un ensemble d’adaptations et de modifications avaient été nécessaires avant de procéder à la diffusion large de la plateforme. Ces interventions visaient à s’assurer que l’ENA réponde le mieux possible au contexte et à la réalité des enseignants. Lors de la deuxième itération, nous avions pour objectif d’identifier avec le Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) de Davis, Bagozzi et Warshaw (1989) les facteurs qui favorisent l’adoption de l’ENA. Les résultats de cette phase nous ont montré que, d’une part, nos données s’ajustent bien avec le modèle TAM et que, d’autre part, la dimension de l’utilité est un bon prédicteur pour l’adoption de l’ENA. Pour la troisième itération, nous avons réalisé avec neuf enseignants, répartis sur deux sites, un design participatif de fonctionnalités pédagogiques. Cette démarche avait pour objectif d’analyser les perceptions des enseignants relatives à l’ENA. Cette itération a été évaluée par des entrevues semi-dirigées. L’analyse des résultats nous a permis de confirmer l’utilité de l’ENA, notamment en matière de réinvestissement des activités réalisées. Également, les enseignants ont mentionné l’importance de la formation et de l’accompagnement dans la démarche de design de fonctionnalités pédagogiques. Cette itération visait aussi à voir dans quelle mesure les affordances des TIC dans l’ENA ont été perçues. Cette démarche d’intervention consistait également à placer les enseignants en situation de perception d’affordances. Cela ne nous a cependant pas permis d’articuler une relation directe entre le design de fonctionnalités pédagogiques et sa mise en œuvre en contexte réel avec la perception explicite des affordances de l’ENA. / With the ever increasing place that information and communication technologies (ICT) occupy in education, we sought to understand the process by which teaching innovations, by means of ICT, were adopted in classrooms. More specifically, the context of innovation in this study was set up through a Leaning Management System (LMS). In order to do this, a LMS was set up for the secondary school teachers and students of a greater Montreal area school board. As a premise, teachers did not have access to LMS and the majority had never been in contact with LMS as teachers or learners. We could therefore consider this learning situation as being innovative in and of itself. Thus, it is in this innovative teaching context, using ICT, that this research was carried out. The general objective of our research was to set up a LMS prototype in order to identify the factors which support the adoption of teaching innovations by secondary school teachers. Then, we wanted to see to what extent the teacher’s perceptions of the LMS gave them the impression that the pedagogical design functions used were useful and how the affordances was perceived. This made it possible for us to determine principles of design that would allow teachers to better exploit ICT in a LMS. To carry out this research, we used the Design-Based Research methodological approach. Thus, we carried out three iterations each of which involved one cycle characterized by the design of a prototype, its implementation in an authentic setting and its evaluation. The objective of the first iteration was mainly exploratory. It aimed at the implementation and the experimentation of the LMS in preparation for a broader distribution. A group interview and logbook entries made it possible to document this iteration. The results obtained tend to show that the LMS was relevant for teachers. However, we also observed that a set of adaptations and modifications were necessary before carrying out the broader distribution of the platform. By making these interventions, we wanted to make sure that the LMS catered to the teaching context and the teachers’ reality as best as possible. In the second iteration, we used Davis, Bagozzi and Warshaw (1989) Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to identify the factors which support the adoption of a LMS. The results of this phase indicate that, on the one hand, our data conforms well with the TAM model and that, on the other hand, the perceived usefulness dimension appears to be a good predictor of the adoption of the LMS by teachers. For the third iteration, we implemented a participatory design of teaching features process with nine teachers divided into two sites. This approach was aimed at analyzing teacher perceptions concerning the LMS. This iteration was evaluated using semi-directed interviews. Result analysis enabled us to confirm the utility of the LMS, more specifically with respect to the level of reinvestment of the activities carried out. In addition, teachers mentioned the importance of training and coaching in the design of teaching features process. In this iteration, we also wanted to see the extent to which the affordances of ICT was perceived in the LMS. This intervention process involved placing teachers in a situation of perception of affordances as well. This, however, did not allow us to articulate a direct relationship between designing teaching features and their implementation in authentic contexts with the explicit perceptions of affordances of the LMS.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-05-25T11:59:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Ferneda_.pdf: 847337 bytes, checksum: 58f84ffbc310762df76212dddc65705a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-25T11:59:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Ferneda_.pdf: 847337 bytes, checksum: 58f84ffbc310762df76212dddc65705a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo do presente estudo foi compreender o processo de adoção de tecnologias da indústria 4.0 por firmas do agronegócio do Rio Grande do Sul. Por meio de uma pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa, foram investigados três firmas do agronegócio e uma firma startup. Através de uma amostragem snowball sampling, também foram investigados outros atores que compõem o Sistema Nacional de Inovação (SNI): instituições, especialistas do agronegócio, especialistas da indústria 4.0, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovações e Comunicações (MCTIC) e o Ministério do Desenvolvimento da Indústria e Comércio Exterior e Serviços (MDIC). Ao total, foram realizadas 14 entrevistas semi estruturadas ao longo de 2017, baseadas nas categorias extraídas do referencial teórico em que abordou a adoção de tecnologias pelas firmas, entre elas: escolha tecnológica, tendências, dificuldades /barreiras, características, mão de obra, papel do Estado, atores institucionais, resultados de inovação e resultado econômico. Os resultados da investigação foram interpretados sob a análise de conteúdo, seguindo as orientações de Bardin (2009). Constatou-se que as tecnologias adotadas são: Big Data, Internet das Coisas e Robótica. Essa adoção vem ocorrendo nas firmas multinacionais, de grande porte, localizadas na região metropolitana e atuantes na fase pré porteira, por meio da internacionalização do conhecimento, formalização do departamento de P&D, investimento em mão de obra qualificada, participação dos clientes e fornecedores em testes de protótipos e aplicação de tecnologias, observação das tendências nacionais e internacionais para o setor. A exceção está na firma C, por ser de origem familiar, brasileira, localizada no interior do Estado e investe seus recursos próprios e crédito oriundo de políticas públicas para o desenvolvimento da P&D. Destaca-se o papel de uma startup, como forma de promover e estimular práticas tecnológicas específicas para o agronegócio, visando a flexibilidade, eficiência em custos e em produção, competitividade, comunicação entre máquinas e seres humanos e outros atributos capazes de agregar valor para o setor pré e pós porteira. O papel das instituições foi identificado como fundamental, contribuindo para a qualificação de recursos humanos, tecnológicos e sociais, desenvolvimento nos testes de protótipos, máquinas e equipamentos e na consultoria por meio de projetos em parceria público-privado, como também, as parcerias em que o MCTIC e MDIC estão realizando para a efetivação do desenvolvimento do Plano Nacional de Internet das Coisas e de Manufatura Avançada, onde permite compreender o conhecimento das referidas tecnologias e aplicá-las nas firmas brasileiras. Os resultados das inovações adotadas pelas firmas ocorre através da participação dos clientes e fornecedores nos testes de protótipos, expansão e diversificação da produção, controle e eficiência na tomada de decisão e redução dos custos, assistência técnica e pós venda. Quanto aos resultados econômicos adotados entre as investigadas destacam-se: agregação de valor ao produto final, otimização da força de trabalho, aumento da produtividade e oportunidade de diversificação da cadeia produtiva e eficiência em custos. Conclui-se também, que esforços diversos devem ser feitos por parte de diferentes atores para que o processo de adoção dessas tecnologias seja mais difundido no setor e em firmas com diferentes perfis, proporcionando uma maior agregação de valor e competitividade setorial. / The present study’s objective was to understand the process of technologies adoption of the 4.0 industry in agribusiness firms of Rio Grande do Sul. Through an exploratory and qualitative research, three agribusiness firms and one startup were investigated. Through a sample of ‘snowball sampling’, other actors that compose the National Innovation System (SNI) were investigated too: institutions, agribusiness experts, industry experts 4.0, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation and Communication (MCTIC) and the Ministry of Development Industry and Foreign Trade and Services (MDIC). A total of 14 semi-structured interviews were carried out during 2017, based on the categories extracted from the theoretical reference that addressed the adoption of technologies by firms, among them: technological choice, trends, difficulties / barriers, characteristics, labor, role of State, institutional actors, innovation results and economic results. The results of the research were interpreted under the content analysis, following the guidelines of Bardin (2009). It was verified that the technologies adopted are: Big Data, Internet of Things and Robotics. This adoption has been taking place in large multinational firms located in the metropolitan area and which are active in the pre-port phase, through the internationalization of knowledge, formalization of the Research and Development department, investment in skilled labor, participation of customers and suppliers in testing of prototypes and application of technologies, observation of national and international trends for the sector. The exception is in firm C, because it is of Brazilian family origin, located in the interior of the state, and invests its own resources and credit from public policies for the development of research and technology. It highlights the role of a startup, as a way to promote and stimulate specific technological practices for agribusiness, aiming at flexibility, cost and production efficiency, competitiveness, communication between machines and human beings and other attributes capable of adding value to the pre and post market sectors. The role of institutions was identified as fundamental, contributing to the qualification of human, technological and social resources, development in prototype, machine and equipment testing and consulting through public-private partnership projects, as well as the partnerships in which MCTIC and MDIC are realizing for the implementation of the National Internet Plan of Thingsand of Advanced Manufacturing, where it allows to understand the knowledge of the mentioned technologies and to apply them in the Brazilian companies. The innovation results adopted by the company, occurs through the participation of customers and suppliers in prototype testing, production expansion and diversification, control and efficiency in decision making and cost reduction, technical assistance and after sales. Regarding the economic results adopted, the following stand out: aggregation of value to the final product, optimization of the work force, increase of productivity and opportunity of diversification of the productive chain and cost efficiency. It is also concluded that diverse efforts must be made by different actors to make the process of adopting these technologies more widespread in the sector and in firms with different profiles, providing a greater value aggregation and sectorial competitiveness.

En Afrique sub-saharienne, l’insécurité foncière associée aux régimes de droits fonciers dits “coutumiers” ainsi que la sous-utilisation d’intrants modernes sont deux facteurs souvent évoqués comme limitant le potentiel agricole de l’Afrique. Sur cette base, les décideurs politiques ont pensé et mis en place des interventions visant à individualiser le droit de la terre et à promouvoir l’adoption d’intrants améliorés. Cette thèse utilise des données originales collectées en République Démocratique du Congo pour étudier deux exemples de politiques publiques s’inscrivant dans cette lignée et mises en oeuvre à 50 ans d’intervalle. Elle montre qu’elles ont eu des implications de court terme et de longterme allant bien au delà de celles qui sont généralement attendues. Les deux premiers chapitres s’intéressent à une politique mise en oeuvre durant la dernière décennie de la colonisation belge qui entraîna l’individualisation de terres communales et leur allocation à des familles individuelles. Ils utilisent une expérience naturelle pour étudier ses implications sur les structures sociales et les mécanismes coutumiers de résolution des conflits. Le troisième chapitre s’intéresse à une politique récente de subvention d’intrants agricoles. En utilisant une expérience aléatoire, il montre que l’intervention a conduit à une augmentation de l’utilisation de semences améliorées, et analyse ses conséquences sur les décisions d’allocation des ressources en terre et en travail par les ménages. / Contending that tenure insecurity under informal “customary” land institutions and theunder-utilization of modern inputs are two important factors holding back sub-SaharanAfrican agriculture, policy makers have designed policies to shift communal rights towardmore individualization and formalization, and to promote the adoption of improved inputs.This doctoral thesis uses an original database to explore two examples of such policiesthat took place 50 years apart in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It shows that theyhad short-term and long-term implications far beyond those commonly expected. The firsttwo Chapters focus on an intervention by the Belgian Colony that took place during thelast decade of colonization. It led to the division of communal land and its allocation toindividual families. Using a natural experiment, they study its consequences for socialstructures and customary conflict resolution mechanisms. The third Chapter focuses on arecent agricultural input subsidies intervention. It uses an experimental design to show that the subsidies successfully increased the use of improved seeds, and analyses its implications for households’ labor and land allocation.