Résumé : Le cadre de compétence CanMEDS définit les rôles attendus des médecins canadiens, mais fait l’objet de certaines critiques. Par exemple, la définition et l’adoption du rôle de promoteur de la santé semblent problématiques, entre autres en ce qui a trait à une dualité implicite entre des actions de type individuel et collectif. Cette étude visait à identifier les facteurs qui influencent l’intention d’adopter des comportements associés au rôle de promoteur de la santé et à en comparer les variables prédictives selon le type d’action. Une étude transversale descriptive a été réalisée utilisant un questionnaire web élaboré selon les principes de la Théorie du comportement planifié d’Ajzen. Le questionnaire a été envoyé par courriel en 2013 à tous les résidents en médecine de famille des universités francophones du Québec. Soixante-huit résidents (7%) ont complété le questionnaire. L’importance du rôle pour les participants et la pression sociale perçue étaient particulièrement significatives dans la prédiction de l’intention d’adopter des comportements associés au rôle de promoteur de la santé (variance expliquée de 26%, p<0.001; et 48%, p<0.001; respectivement). Les résidents participants avaient également une attitude plus positive envers les actions de type individuel (moyenne =72,8% vs 58,3%, p<.05), et percevaient plus de pression à adopter celles-ci (moyenne = 82.7% vs 74.3%, p<.05). Ils ressentaient moins de contrôle quant à l’adoption d’action de type collectif (moyenne = 79.8% vs 84.6%, p<.05). Étant donné que différents types d’action sont associés au rôle de promoteur de la santé, l’intention d’adopter ce rôle peut être influencée par différents facteurs. Une redéfinition éventuelle du rôle devrait prendre en compte cette dualité et les interventions pédagogiques devraient être modulées en conséquence. // Abstract : The CanMEDS framework defines the roles and competencies for all Canadian physicians. It is widely used but fraught with challenges, particularly concerning the understanding and adoption of the health advocate role, which includes both individual and collective type actions. This study aimed to identify the factors that influence the intention to adopt this role by family medicine residents and to compare their intention related to individual versus collective type actions. A cross sectional descriptive study was designed using a web questionnaire based on the theory of planned behaviour elaborated by Ajzen. The questionnaire was sent by email in 2013 to all family medicine residents from francophone programs in Quebec. Sixty-eight residents (7%) completed the questionnaire. The importance of the role for participants and social pressure were particularly influential factors regarding the intention to adopt behaviours associated with the health advocate role (26% variance explained p < 0.001 and 48% p < 0.001 respectively). Residents also had a more favourable attitude towards individual type actions (mean =72,8% vs 58,3%, p<.05), and perceived more pressure to adopt them (mean = 82.7% vs 74.3%, p<.05). They perceived less control towards collective-type actions (mean = 79.8% vs 84.6%, p<.05). Since different types of action are associated with the health advocate role, intention to adopt the role can be influenced by different factors. Future revisions of the role should take into account the implicit duality of the role focusing on both individual and collective type actions and pedagogical interventions should be tailored accordingly.

The purpose of my thesis is to point out the increase of the amount of the petty cases, to analyze its reasons, to describe the development of the relevant legislation and case law and to deal with some main legal arguments related to the issue of the reimbursement of the costs of proceedings in petty cases. The reason for my research is mainly its topicality and rapid evolution in a few past years. The boom of the mass claim recovery realized by the specialized "debt companies" was the reason of the legislative amendments and led to the ground-breaking decisions of the Constitutional Court, which resulted in the repeal of the regulation No. 484/2000 Coll. The thesis is composed of the introduction, four chapters and conclusion. The introduction is focused on the reasons of my choice of the topic and on the definition of the specific kind of petty cases my thesis is related to. Chapter Two provides the general overview of the institute of reimbursement of costs of proceeings, examines the varieties of the costs of proceedings, explicates the general principles the reimbursement of costs of proceedings is based on, explores the remedies and deals with the reimbursement of costs of enforcement proceedings. Chapter Three describes the growing amount of the petty cases, analyzes its reasons and reviews...

There is a high turnover rate among court-appointed special advocates (CASA) in the United States. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the perception of the retention of CASA volunteers. Maslach'€™s burnout theory and Greene'€™s theory of resilience provided the framework for the study. A sample of9 active and 5 inactive CASA volunteers, one CASA volunteer recruiter, 3 program supervisors, and one administrator were interviewed. The data was organized and coded manually to facilitate auto-coding using qualitative data software. All responses to each question were compiled in one place allowing for thematic analysis based on the frequency of terms and concepts occurring during the interviews. According to study findings, lengthy and complicated processes, restrictive laws and regulations, limited outcomes impact for the children, and unrealistic expectations of the CASA volunteers were the main reasons for the high turnover rate. Support and preparedness were crucial in the CASA volunteers'€™ decision to serve longer. The study findings would be available for decision makers to review and revise policies in order to improve the experience and adjust expectations imposed on CASA volunteers via recruitment and training messaging. Increasing CASA volunteers'€™ retention rate would change the trajectory of more children in foster care by improving their chances for achieving positive outcomes.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskan har enligt kompetensbeskrivningen och ICN:s etiska kod ett ansvar att förespråka patienten. Begreppet advocacy myntades i USA under 1970-talet och sedan dess har begreppet diskuterats i litteraturen. Advocacy innebär att sjuksköterskan ska kunna uttyda patientens önskemål, kommunicera med patient och närstående, försäkra sig om patientens säkerhet, respektera och beskydda patientens rättigheter och tala samt agera på uppdrag av patienten. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskan i rollen som patientens förespråkare. Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på 13 vetenskapliga artiklar, varav tio kvalitativa och tre kvantitativa. Resultat: Författarna fann i det analyserade materialet, fyra huvudfaktorer som på olika sätt påverkade sjuksköterskan i rollen som förespråkare. Dessa huvudfaktorer är sjuksköterskan som person, sjuksköterskeprofession, samarbetet med läkaren och arbetsmiljön. I en av de analyserande studierna återfanns även anhöriga som en faktor. Diskussion: Att sjuksköterskan själv är en faktor som är viktig för patientvården är något som Jean Watson belyser i sin omvårdnadsteori. Hon menar att omsorgen inte får det utrymme den bör ha inom vården men också i övriga samhället och att det leder till svårigheter för bevarandet av den ursprungliga mänskliga omsorgen. Att stärka professionen och se den skild från det medicinska området är därför viktigt. Författarna menar att även om sjuksköterskan själv är en viktig faktor kommer hon likväl behöva en stödjande miljö för att orka och våga agera utifrån sina värderingar som person och profession fullt ut. / Background: The nurse has, according to the description of competence and the ethical code of ICN, a responsibility to advocate the patient. The idea of advocacy was coined in the USA during the 1970s and since then it has been discussed in the literature. Advocacy means that the nurse should be able to interpret the wishes of the patient, to communicate with the patient and his/hers relatives, to assure the safety of the patient, to respect and protect the rights of the patient and to speak and act on behalf of the patient.  Aim: The aim is to describe factors that affect the nurse in her role as the patient’s advocate.  Method: A literature review based on 13 research reports, of which ten are qualitative and three quantitative.  Result: In the analyzed material the authors’ found four factors, which in different ways affected the nurse in her role as advocate. These factors are the nurse as a person, the nursing profession, the cooperation with the doctor, and the working environment. In one of the analyzed studies the family of the patient was also found as a factor.  Discussion: That the nurse herself is an important factor for the care of the patient is something that Jean Watson illustrates in her nursing theory. She argued that human care do not get the space it should have in health care but also in the rest of society and that it leads to difficulties for the preservation of the original human care. To strengthen the profession and to view it as separated from the medical area is therefore important. The authors mean that even if the nurse in herself is one important factor she will, however, need a supportive environment to be able to fully sustain and dare to act according to her values as a person and profession.

The role of the Advocates General in the Judicial System of the European Union This thesis deals with the important procedural adaptation of the specific institute of the jurisdiction of the EU. An Advocate-General is a member of the Court of Justice whose role is to provide, in accordance with Article 252 TFEU, the submission of public, wholly impartial, independent and reasoned opinions in cases which, under the Statute of the Court of Justice of the European Union, require his participation. Although a similar function is not anchored in many jurisdictions of the Member States of the European Union, it has found its application within the framework of the functioning of the Court of Justice of the European Union. This thesis provides a thorough analysis of the position and role of the Advocate General, the sources of inspiration for and the development of this institute within the framework of the Union's judiciary system, in order to point out the importance of the role of his work. The thesis is divided into four parts which consist of sub-chapters. The first part is devoted to the French legislation of the institute of the Public Rapporteur, as a source of inspiration for the Union's Advocate General. The legal regulation of the Public Rapporteur is described within the context of the entire...

No abstract available. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / gm2014 / Private Law / unrestricted

No description available.

U.S. volunteer-dependent organizations continue to look for more effective ways to support their volunteer recruitment, training, and retention efforts. No prior research has evaluated what variables support sustained volunteerism for CASA volunteers. The purpose of this study was to investigate sustained volunteerism by evaluating the relationships between trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) measured using the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, motivation to volunteer using the Volunteers Functional Inventory, volunteer work engagement using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, and intended retention of CASA volunteers. One hundred fifty five CASA volunteers from different CASA organizations responded to an on-line survey. Correlational and regression analysis of survey data showed global trait EI to be significantly related to volunteer's intent of finishing their current case and their intent to take a new case within six months after completing their current case. Trait EI and functional motivations to volunteer were significantly related to volunteer work engagement. High values and understanding motives to volunteer were significantly and negatively related to the volunteer considering quitting their current case. Social motivation to volunteer was significantly and positively related to the intent of taking another case within six months after completing the current case. This research is designed to benefit CASA organizations in moving closer to their goal of having a CASA volunteer for each child in the challenging state child welfare foster care systems.

Syftet med denna studie var att genom analys av tillgänglig litteratur inom området advocacy in nursing klarlägga innebörden av begreppet advocacy sett från sjukvårdens synpunkt, vem/vilka som skall ha funktionen som advocate i sjukvården, hur advocacy i praktiken bäst skall beskrivas inom sjukvården samt hur den som skall ha rollen som advocate bäst skall utbildas och föreberedas för sin uppgift. Som metod användes studium och analys av en selektion av tillgänglig litteratur inom området med speciell inriktning mot den egentliga innebörden av begreppet advocacy, argument för och emot sjuksköterskans funktion i rollen som advocate, hur advocacy bäst skall integreras och tillämpas i vårdprocessen och hur den som har rollen som advocate bäst skall förberedas för den. Resultat av litteraturstudien visade brist på enhetlig definition av begreppet advocacy, vilket skapar svårigheter att analysera och jämföra erfarenheter inom området. Även om motargument beskrevs, talade all erfarenhet inom området i denna studie för att sjuksköterskan är den mest lämpade att ha denna roll. Risken för att sjuksköterskan vid fullgörande av denna uppgift hamnar i en konfliktsituation mot övrig vårdpersonal betonades genomgående i denna litteratur, illustrerande betydelsen av att advocacy utförs som ett teamarbete med stöd och medverkan av all personal även om sjuksköterskan har huvudrollen. Behovet av utbildning för uppgiften framfördes genomgående, men inga konkreta förslag på utformning eller omfattning av sådan utbildning kunde identifieras. Konklusion: Begreppet advocacy in nursing är på väg att bli väl etablerat i vårdprocessen och sjuksköterskan har redan identifierats som den som bör ha denna roll. Fortsatt forskning inom området är angelägen för att ligga till grund både för metodik och utbildning inför uppgiften. Bättre och mer enhetlig definition av begreppet krävs för fortsatt vetenskapligt arbete.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the Junior Master Wellness Volunteer (JMWV) program on select positive youth development (PYD) outcomes among program participants. These outcomes included Competence in health literacy, Connection, Contribution, Character, and Confidence. Research questions were (1) Does participation in the JMWV program improve participants’ Competency in health literacy? (2) Does participation in the JMWV program improve participants’ perceived ability to Connect with and Contribute to their community? (3) Does participation in the JMWV program improve participants' perceived Character or ability to engage in and understand their community? (4) Does participation in the JMWV program improve participants’ perceived self-efficacy (Confidence)? (5) Does participants’ delivery of the service component of the JMWV program relate to their perceived Connection, Contribution, Character, and Confidence? Secondary data from the Mississippi State University (MSU) Extension were analyzed to determine the JMWV program's effectiveness on PYD outcomes. Data included responses to matched pre-tests and post-tests (n = 93), matched pre-surveys and post-surveys (n = 108), and activity reports forms (n = 50). Paired t-tests were used to examine the differences in Competence as measured by the pre-test and post-test scores and changes in other PYD outcomes as measured by the pre-survey and post-survey. Analysis, including paired sample ttests, indicated that JMWV participants had a statistically significant improvement in all four of the PYD outcomes in this study. A correlation analysis also indicated a positive but weak relationship between the reported number of service hours completed as part of the JMWV program and perceived Connections and Contributions (r = -.340, p < .05), Character (r = -.340, p < .01), and Confidence (r = -.307, p < .05) after the program. JMWV participants improved in Competency, Connections and Contributions, Character, and Confidence. The number of hours spent engaged in community service marginally contributed to improvements to select PYD outcomes. This study adds to the evidence that the JMWV program results in PYD.