International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 21, 2002 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, California / This paper will present measured data in an adjacent channel interference (ACI) environment for filtered continuous phase frequency shift keying (CPFSK or FM), multi-h continuous phase modulation (multi-h CPM or CPM for short) [1] and Feher’s patented quadrature phase shift keying (FQPSK-B) [2]. This paper is an extension of my 2001 International Telemetering Conference paper on this topic [3]. The quantity measured was bit error probability (BEP) versus signal energy per bit to noise power spectral density ratio (E(b)/N(o)). The interferers were CPFSK, CPM, or FQPSK-B signals. The results presented in this paper will be for a desired signal bit rate of 5 Mb/s, one interferer 20 dB larger than desired signal (a few tests included two interferers), and various center frequency spacings, interfering signals, receivers, and demodulators. The overall ACI test effort will collect data sets at several bit rates and with one and two interferers. The results will be useful to system designers and range operators as they attempt to maximize the number of Mb/s that can be simultaneously transmitted with minimal interference in the telemetry bands.

The study's problem was whether five major newspapers that covered Viking produced informative, educational, interpretive, and credible stories. Indexed, microfilmed articles from January, 1975, to November, 1976, were analyzed. Conclusions: no newspaper gave the landings the greatest percentage of coverage; every newspaper devoted the largest percentage of coverage to interpretation; science writers used analogy most often; adequate explanations of Viking's implications were not found; four of five newspapers had more references to named than unnamed sources; only two newspapers utilized their staffs more than outside sources. Recommendations: covering a science event should be planned to include preliminary coverage, follow-up, and analysis; writers must interpret the facts, use educational writing techniques, explain implications, and have specific attribution; newspapers should assess their capabilities for science coverage.

Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento das técnicas fundição de semicubos do trem de pouso principal do cargueiro C-115 Buffalo da Força Área Brasileira, pelo processo de fundição de liga de magnésio em moldes de areia a verde para atender as necessidades emergenciais nas atividades de apoio logístico, tático e transporte. Por ser um item estrutural cujas exigências em relação às propriedades de engenharia e segurança são rigorosas, foi necessário o desenvolvimento de técnicas de fundição diferenciadas para a obtenção do modelo com suas respectivas superespessuras de contração e usinagem; ângulos de saída; sistemas especiais de canais de alimentação; molde preparado com areia sintética, bentonita, enxofre, ácido bórico e água; magnésio, alumínio, zinco e alumínio-manganês de grau metalúrgico para a obtenção da liga; tratamento e refino do banho metálico, técnica de vazamento com frentes de alimentação simétricas; controle de qualidade por meio de inspeção visual, análise da composição química e metalográfica das fases e constituintes da liga, ensaios mecânicos e radiográficos para qualificação do fundido, conforme padrões aeronáuticos. Os ensaios apresentaram resultados cujos valores obtidos foram comparados com os padrões aeronáuticos internacionais, permitindo viabilizar a transferência desse desenvolvimento para o processo produtivo de forma a atender necessidades emergenciais e estimular a evolução do setor aeronáutico do País. / Abstract: This work had as objective the development of the techniques of semicubes casting of the main landing gear of the C-115 Buffalo freighterm from Brazilian Air Force, by the process of magnesium alloy casting in green sand molds to attend to the emergent necessities in the activities of logistic, tactical support and air service. The creation of the Project of Nationalization of Aeronautical Components was necessary for the maintenance of the operationalization of the aircraft and to prevent the collapse of the fleet. Aeronautical wells are a structural item whose requirements in relation to the security and engineering properties are rigorous, it was necessary the development of differentiated techniques of casting for the attainment of the model with its respective superthicknesses contraction adn machining; pattern draft; special gate systems; mold prepared in synthetic sand, bentonite sand, sulphur, acid boric and water; magnesium, aluminium, zinc and aluminum-manganese of metallurgical degree for obtention of the alloy; treatment and refining of the metallic bath, pouring technique with symmetrical fronts of feeding; quality control by means of visual inspection, analysis of the chemical and metallographic composition of the phase and mechanical and radiografic constuent of the alloy, assays for qualification of the casting, as aeronautical standards. The assays had presented resulted whose gotten values had been compared with international aeronautical standards, allowing to make possible the transference of this devolopment for the productive process to pay attention to emergency necessities and to stimulate the evolution of the aeronautical sector of the Country. / Orientador: Valdir Alves Guimarães / Coorientador: Francisco Cristovão Lourenço de Melo / Banca: Carlos Kiyan / Banca: Mirian de Lourdes Noronha Motta Melo / Mestre

Ocorre atualmente um movimento de aumento da importância que a manutenção da segurança da informação vem adquirindo em redes de informação de crítica. Ao longo das últimas décadas a utilização de ferramentas criptográficas, especialmente aquelas baseadas em problemas de díficil solução computacional, foram suficientes para garantir a segurança dos sistemas de comunicação. Contudo, o desenvolvimento da nova técnica de processamento de informação conhecida como computação quântica e os resultados téoricos e experimentais apresentados por esta mostram que é possível inviabilizar alguns dos sistemas de criptografia atuais amplamente utilizados. A existência de tal vulnerabilidade representa um fator crítico em redes em que falhas de segurança da informação podem estar associadas a riscos de segurança física. Uma alternativa para os métodos criptográficos atuais consiste na utilização de sistemas quânticos na obtenção de um método criptográfico, o que se conhece como criptografia quântica. Este novo paradigma tem seu fundamento resistente mesmo na presença de capacidade tecnológica ilimitada, incluindo o cenário com disponibilidade de computação quântica. Este trabalho tem como objetivo levantar os impactos que o desenvolvimento da computação quântica têm sobre a segurança dos atuais sistemas criptográficos, apresentar e desenvolver alternativas de protocolos de criptografia quântica disponíveis, e realizar um estudo de caso por meio da avaliação da utilização de criptografia quântica no contexto da Aeronautical Telecommunication Network (ATN). Isto é feito por meio do desenvolvimento de um ambiente de simulacão que permite avaliar o comportamento de um protocolo de criptografia quântica em um cenário em um ambiente com requisitos de missão crítica, como é o caso da ATN. / The importance of security maintenance in critical information networks has been rising in recent times. Over the past decades, the utilization of cryptography tools, mainly those based on computationally intractable problems, was enough to ensure the security of communications systems. The development of the new information processing technique known as quantum computation and the theoretical and experimental results showed by this approach demonstrated that could be possible to cripple the current widely used cryptography techniques. This vulnerability represents a critical issue for networks where a security fault could be associated to a safety fault. An alternative for the current cryptography methods consists in the utilization of quantum systems to obtain a new cryptographic method. The new paradigm presented by this approach has solid principles even in the presence of unlimited computational capacity, including the scenario with availability of quantum computation. The aim of this work is the assessment of impacts that the development of quantum computation has over the current cryptographic methods security, the presentation and development of alternatives based on quantum cryptography protocols, and the development of a case study using the case of Aeronautical Telecommunication Network (ATN). This aim is reached by means of the development of a simulation environment that allows the evaluation of a quantum cryptography protocol behavior in an environment with mission critical requirements, like the ATN case.

Hip fracture is the most common reason for admission to an orthopaedic trauma word. It is usually a 'Fragility' fracture caused by a fall affecting an older person with osteoporosis or osteopenia (a condition in which bones lose calcium and become thinner, but not as much as in osteoporosis). The National Hip Fracture Database worldwide reports the average age of a person with hip fracture is 84 years for men and 83 years for women, 76% of fracture occurs in women. By 2050, the worldwide incidence of hip fracture in men is projected to increase by 24% in women and 31% in men. Hip fractures due to sideways falls are a worldwide health problem, especially amongst elderly people. The experienced force to the proximal femur during a fall leading to hip fracture is significantly dependent on density, thickness and stiffness of the body during impact. The process of fracture and healing can only be understood in terms of structure and composition of the bone and also its mechanical properties. Bone fracture analysis investigates to predict various failure mechanisms under different loading conditions. In an effort to improve and assist scientists and researchers to predict the impact damage response of bone structures and estimate femoral fracture load in vitro, an accurate explicit finite element (14E) method has been investigated in this study. In the first part, the main goal is to create a 3D reconstruction and registration of semi-transparent Computed Tomography (CT) scan image data using SIMPLEWARE software. In the second part, effect of cortical thickness and impact velocity on the energy absorption of hip during a fall has been investigated on a 3D model. Additionally composite femora were mechanically tested to failure and regression analyses between measured fracture load and FE-predicted fracture load were performed. The results indicate that this sophisticated technique, which is still early in its development, can achieve precision comparable to that of densitometry and can predict femoral fracture load to within 18% with 95% confidence.

In recent years, call centres have been considered as an integral part of the modern businesses, since they play an important role in providing service delivery functions to their customers. A well-managed call centre, therefore, is crucial to ensure high level of customer satisfaction in today’s competitive market. In order to achieve a high standard, managers of call centres face a very difficult set of challenges. At the top level, they must strike a balance between two powerful competing interests: low operating costs and high service quality. On a day-to-day basis, while simultaneously keeping low costs and high service quality, those managers must also employ appropriate techniques and tools in order to evaluate the true performance of their operations accurately. Such tools play a vital role in understanding the current system performance, evaluation of any proposed enhancement scenarios, and optimising operations management decisions under any unexpected operating conditions. One of traditional operations management challenges for call centre managers is to tackle the multi-period human resources allocation problem. In this thesis, the staffing and staff scheduling decisions in single-skill inbound call centres were studied. These decisions are normally made under strict service level constrain in the presence of highly uncertain operations and demand of call centre services. Neglecting such uncertainty may lead to unrealistic decisions. The objective of this research thesis was to propose a framework to enhance the call centre performance through taking realistic optimal staffing and scheduling decisions. Realistic optimisation requires realistic modeling (evaluation) of call centre operations which is the main focus and contribution of this research. The proposed framework has combined statistical, simulation, and Integer Programming (IP) techniques in achieving realistic optimisation. The framework begins by developing stochastic statistical data models for call centre operations parameters which are divided into service demand (arrival volumes) and service quality (service times, abandonment volumes, and patience time) parameters. These data models are then fed into a simulation model which was developed to determine the minimum staffing levels in daily an-hour periods. Finally, these staffing levels are considered as input to an IP model that optimally allocates the service agents to the different operating shifts of a typical working day. Application of the proposed framework to a call centre in Libya will also be presented to illustrate how its staffing and scheduling decisions could be improved by using the model.

Esta tese compara as estratégias de catch-up aeronáutico de Brasil, Argentina, Indonésia, Japão, China e Rússia ao longo da segunda metade do século XX e começos dos anos 2000. Mais especificamente, examina os modos como esses países tentaram desenvolver empresas capazes de projetar, produzir e comercializar aviões civis para o mercado interno e externo. Partindo das noções de sistema tecnoprodutivo, distância da fronteira tecnológica e catch-up industrial, foi desenvolvido um modelo analítico dos fatores que explicam o sucesso ou o fracasso de cada um dos casos estudados. À reconstrução histórica segui-se a comparação formal dos casos por meio de um modelo de análise qualitativa comparada (QCA) composto por três dimensões: estratégia de aprendizagem tecnoprodutiva; fatores institucionais; fator empresarial. Os resultados da reconstrução histórica e do modelo de análise qualitativa comparada indicam que a estratégia de aprendizagem tecnoprodutiva e os fatores institucionais são aspectos altamente relevantes da explicação do sucesso ou fracasso das estratégias de catch-up aeronáutico. No entanto, apenas os sistemas tecnoprodutivos aeronáuticos que lograram desenvolver o fator empresarial, ou seja, formar uma empresa comercialmente orientada responsável pelo desenvolvimento, produção e comercialização de aviões, obtiveram pleno sucesso em suas tentativas de catch-up. A tese pretende, além de formalizar um modelo das estratégias de catch-up, contribuir para a reflexão mais ampla sobre as possibilidades de desenvolvimento industrial disponíveis aos países que atualmente se encontram a grande distância da fronteira tecnoprodutiva contemporânea. / This thesis compares aeronautical catch-up strategies in Brazil, Argentina, Indonesia, Japan, China and Russia during the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 2000s. In particular, it examines the ways in which these countries have tried to develop companies capable of designing, producing and selling civilian aircraft for domestic and foreign markets. Building on the notions of technoproductive system, distance to the technological frontier and industrial catch-up, we develop an analytical model of the factors that explain the success or failure of each of the cases examined. The historical reconstruction of the cases is followed by a formal comparison of cases by means of a model of qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) composed of three dimensions: technoproductive learning strategy; institutional factors; firm factor. The results of the historical reconstruction and of the comparative qualitative analysis indicate that technoproductive learning strategy and institutional factors are highly relevant aspects in explaining the success or failure of each aeronautical catch-up strategy. However, it is only the technoproductive aeronautical systems that succeed in developing the firm factor, ie, in forming a commercially oriented firm responsible for the development, production and commercialization of civil aircraft, that achieve full success in their attempts to catch-up. In addition to formalizing a model of catch-up strategies, this thesis contributes to a broader discussion on the possibilities of industrial development available to countries which are currently at a significant distance from the contemporary technoproductive frontier.

Esta tese compara as estratégias de catch-up aeronáutico de Brasil, Argentina, Indonésia, Japão, China e Rússia ao longo da segunda metade do século XX e começos dos anos 2000. Mais especificamente, examina os modos como esses países tentaram desenvolver empresas capazes de projetar, produzir e comercializar aviões civis para o mercado interno e externo. Partindo das noções de sistema tecnoprodutivo, distância da fronteira tecnológica e catch-up industrial, foi desenvolvido um modelo analítico dos fatores que explicam o sucesso ou o fracasso de cada um dos casos estudados. À reconstrução histórica segui-se a comparação formal dos casos por meio de um modelo de análise qualitativa comparada (QCA) composto por três dimensões: estratégia de aprendizagem tecnoprodutiva; fatores institucionais; fator empresarial. Os resultados da reconstrução histórica e do modelo de análise qualitativa comparada indicam que a estratégia de aprendizagem tecnoprodutiva e os fatores institucionais são aspectos altamente relevantes da explicação do sucesso ou fracasso das estratégias de catch-up aeronáutico. No entanto, apenas os sistemas tecnoprodutivos aeronáuticos que lograram desenvolver o fator empresarial, ou seja, formar uma empresa comercialmente orientada responsável pelo desenvolvimento, produção e comercialização de aviões, obtiveram pleno sucesso em suas tentativas de catch-up. A tese pretende, além de formalizar um modelo das estratégias de catch-up, contribuir para a reflexão mais ampla sobre as possibilidades de desenvolvimento industrial disponíveis aos países que atualmente se encontram a grande distância da fronteira tecnoprodutiva contemporânea. / This thesis compares aeronautical catch-up strategies in Brazil, Argentina, Indonesia, Japan, China and Russia during the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 2000s. In particular, it examines the ways in which these countries have tried to develop companies capable of designing, producing and selling civilian aircraft for domestic and foreign markets. Building on the notions of technoproductive system, distance to the technological frontier and industrial catch-up, we develop an analytical model of the factors that explain the success or failure of each of the cases examined. The historical reconstruction of the cases is followed by a formal comparison of cases by means of a model of qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) composed of three dimensions: technoproductive learning strategy; institutional factors; firm factor. The results of the historical reconstruction and of the comparative qualitative analysis indicate that technoproductive learning strategy and institutional factors are highly relevant aspects in explaining the success or failure of each aeronautical catch-up strategy. However, it is only the technoproductive aeronautical systems that succeed in developing the firm factor, ie, in forming a commercially oriented firm responsible for the development, production and commercialization of civil aircraft, that achieve full success in their attempts to catch-up. In addition to formalizing a model of catch-up strategies, this thesis contributes to a broader discussion on the possibilities of industrial development available to countries which are currently at a significant distance from the contemporary technoproductive frontier.

A presente tese tem o objetivo de analisar o processo de consolidação da indústria aeronáutica brasileira a partir de três possibilidades de geração de tecnologia para produtos ou processos: o criar, o copiar e o comprar pronto. O \"criar\" significa aqui a opção de desenvolver tecnologias próprias, autóctones, geradas em instituições ou empresas do próprio país e utilizadas em projetos e programas próprios, que garantam, ou possam garantir soberania econômica, política, estratégica. Para o desenvolvimento desse tipo de tecnologia de produtos e/ou processos é fundamental formar pessoal, formar grupos que dêem sustentação aos processos. O \"criar\" também é influenciado por fatores relacionados aos interesses dos países mais ricos. O \"copiar\" envolve uma forma de produzir que o Brasil já tinha experimentado na indústria de construção aeronáutica, com o exemplo das fábricas de aviões criadas pelo governo, na primeira metade do século XX, que produziam \"sob licença\", mas é uma forma de produzir que o Brasil já experimentava também em outras indústrias que demandam alguma \"tecnologia\". Muitas vezes, \"copiar\" está associado às \"caixas pretas\", sendo que, nesse caso o país não é o dono da \"caixa preta\". Esse tipo de produção pode ser interessante para países que não almejam um real desenvolvimento tecnológico e que servem como base de produção por possuírem mão-de-obra barata, ou incentivos fiscais, ou matéria-prima abundante, ou todas as condições juntas. Finalmente o \"comprar pronto\", é sempre a opção mais rápida, mais imediata, aquela a ser tomada por qualquer país, instituição, empresa ou grupo que não pode esperar por nenhuma das anteriores. É também a opção que deixará o país, instituição, empresa ou grupo mais empobrecido, do ponto de vista do desenvolvimento tecnológico. Pois estará adquirindo um \"produto\", seja ele um bem ou um processo do qual, uma vez cumprida sua função, seu tempo de uso, não restará nada. No caso específico da indústria aeronáutica, o objetivo é investigar e analisar a motivação, as propostas, as decisões, o planejamento, os encaminhamentos e os 12 resultados do projeto de reconstrução da indústria aeronáutica brasileira promovida por um grupo de militares da Aeronáutica, a partir da criação do Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, em 1950 e do Centro Técnico de Aeronáutica, em 1953. O termo \"reconstrução\" é utilizado porque a indústria de construção aeronáutica no Brasil é mais antiga do que esse projeto e, embora as iniciativas anteriores não tenham obtido o mesmo sucesso da EMBRAER, algumas delas já tinham sido incluídas em planejamentos de desenvolvimento nacional. Assim, nesta análise o sucesso da Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica, criada em 1969, pode ser compreendido dentro do projeto modernizador das Forças Armadas e da construção do projeto do Brasil Potência, o que justificaria os investimentos governamentais no financiamento da criação e manutenção da empresa, sem os quais sua viabilização e sucesso não seriam possíveis. / The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the process of the Brazilian aeronautical industry consolidation out of three perspectives of generating technology for products or processes: creating, copying and buying readymade. \"Creating\" means the choice of developing proper technologies, and \"made in the country\" by national institutions or companies which are used in internal projects and programs that may ensure economic, political and strategic sovereignty. For the development of this type of product and/or process technology, the formation of appropriate personal is basic to create groups that give support for these processes. \"Creating\" is also influenced by factors related to the interests of the richest countries. \"Copying\" means a well-known formula of production that Brazil had already tried in the aeronautical industry construction. As an example, the industry of airplanes created by the government in the first half of the 20th century produced them \"under license\". In addition, it was a form of production that Brazil also tried in some other industries which demanded some \"technology\". Due to the lack of the scientific domain of the \"black boxes\", the countries that are not the technology owner have to bear the disadvantages of \"copying\". This type of production may be interesting for countries that do not have real technological development and serve only as a production base because of their low manpower cost, tax incentives, abundant raw material or all of them together. Finally, \"buying readymade\" is always the fastest and the most immediate choice that can be taken by any country, institution, company or group that cannot wait for any of the two previous perspectives. It is also the option that will contribute more rapidly for the technological impoverishment, considering that the institution acquires some \"product\", either a property or a process, and after its use, nothing of it will remain. In the specific case of the aeronautics industry, the aim is to investigate and to analyze 14 the motivation, the proposals, the decisions, the planning and the results of the reconstruction of Brazilian industry, implemented by an Air Force military group, after the creation of the Technological Institute of Aeronautics (ITA), in 1950 and the Aeroespace Technical Center (CTA), in 1953. The term \"reconstruction\" is employed because the Brazilian aeronautics industry in Brazil is older than this project and, although previous initiatives did not achieve the same success as EMBRAER, some of them had already been included in the national development program. From this point of view, the success of EMBRAER, created in 1969, can be included in the modernizing project of the Armed Forces and in the construction of a \"Brazilian Power\". This idea could justify the governmental investments in the creation and maintenance of an industry, without which its viability and success would not be possible.

By applying pattern recognition analysis, the organised eddy structures in the near and intermediate fields (10-40 jet diameters) of a numerically simulated turbulent plane jet have been investigated. The Reynolds number based on the jet width is 1, 600. The results of the nearly full simulation show good agreement with the experimental measurements in the near and intermediate regions (< 40 diameters) of the jet. Patterns of organised eddy structures have been extracted from the three-dimensional simulation databases. Ensemble averaged fields of three velocity components and pressure in the spanwise and transverse planes suggest the existence of inclined vortex pairs. These highly three-dimensional vortical structures are confined to one side of the jet centreplane and approximately align with the principal axis of rate-of-strain. Some of the topological features of these averaged eddy structures have been examined.