Prodidominae foi recentemente restabelecida como subfamília de Gnaphosidae, compreendendo 315 espécies distribuídas em 32 gêneros. Neste estudo, realizamos uma análise cladística incluindo 55 espécies de Prodidominae e 32 espécies de outros gêneros de Gnaphosidae e famílias relacionadas como grupos externos. A matriz é composta por 282 caracteres morfológicos e os dados foram analisados sob o critério de parcimônia, utilizando o TNT 1.5. Prodidominae não foi recuperado como monofilético. Anagrina aparece mais relacionada com Leptodrassinae, sendo removida de Prodidominae e considerada incertae sedis. Cryptotoerithus Rainbow, Molycria Simon, Myandra Simon, Nomindra Platnick & Baher, Wesmaldra Platnick & Baher e Wydundra Platnick & Baher aparecem como um grupo monofilético, caracterizado pela presença de ALS extremamente alongada situada longe das fiandeiras posteriores, fúsulos das glândulas piriformes alongados com área retrátil e presença de um capuz apical no artículo basal. Assim, restabelecemos Molycriinae como uma subfamília distinta dentro de Gnaphosidae, grupo-irmão de Prodidominae. Redefinimos os limites de Prodidominae para incluir os gêneros Austrodomus Lawrence, Brasilomma Brescovit, Ferreira & Reims, Caudalia Alayón, Chileomma Platnick, Shadab & Sorkin, Chileuma Platnick, Shadab & Sorkin, Chilongius Platnick, Shadab & Sorkin, Eleleis Simon, Lygromma Simon, Lygrommatoides Strand, Moreno Mello-Leitão, Namundra Platnick & Bird, Neozimiris Simon, Nopyllus Ott, Paracymbiomma Rodrigues, Cizauskas & Reims, Plutonodomus Cooke, Prodidomus Hentz, Purcelliana Cooke, Theuma Simon, Theumella Strand, Tivodrassus Chamberlin & Ivie, Tricongius Simon, Zimirina Dalmas e Zimiris Simon. As espécies desses gêneros compartilham a presença de fiandeiras laterais anteriores com longos fúsulos das glândulas piriformes associadas a cerdas plumosas e presença de uma grande protrusão entre coxas IV, com cerdas eretas e margens não-esclerotizadas. Além disso, com base nos resultados da análise, propomos três novas sinonímias: Oltacloea Mello-Leitão, 1940 como sinônimo júnior de Tricongius Simon, 1893, Prodida Dalmas, 1919 como sinônimo júnior de Prodidomus Hentz, 1847 e Katumbea Cooke, 1964 como um sinônimo júnior de Austrodomus Lawrence, 1947. Removemos L. ybyguara Reims & Brescovit de Lygromma e o colocamos como incertae sedis. Além disso, realizamos uma revisão taxonômica de gêneros exclusivamente africanos. Austrodomus Lawrence, Eleleis Simon e Purcelliana Cooke são revisados. Austrodomus zuluensis Lawrence, 1947 e A. oxoniensis (Cooke, 1964) são redescritas, o macho de A. scaber (Purcell, 1904) é descrito pela primeira vez, e uma nova espécie, A. gamsberg sp. nov. (♂️) é descrita para Namíbia. Eleleis crinita Simon, 1893 é redescrita e oito novas espécies são propostas: E. Limpopo sp. nov. (♂️♀️) para África do Sul e Zâmbia, E. Okavango sp. nov. (♂️♀️) para Botsuana e Namíbia, E. etosha sp. nov. (♂️♀️), E. himba sp. nov. (♂️) e E. luderitz sp. nov. (♀️) para Namíbia, E. leleupis sp. nov. (♂️) e E. haddadi sp. nov. (♀️) para África do Sul e E. solitária sp. nov. (♀️) para Cabo Verde. Purcelliana problemática Cooke, 1964 é redescrita e três novas espécies são propostas: P. kamaseb sp. nov. (♂️♀️) e P. khabus sp. nov. (♂️♀️) para Namíbia e P. cederbergis sp. nov. (♂️) para África do Sul. Plutonodomus Cooke e Theumella Strand são redescritos com base apenas em suas espécies-tipo, P. kungwensis Cooke, 1964 e T. typica. Além disso, com base nos resultados da análise cladística de Prodidominae, três novos gêneros são descritos: Kikongo gen. nov. para incluir K. ruwenzori sp. nov. (♂️♀️) e K.buta sp. nov. (♂️♀️) do Congo e K. rutshuru sp. nov. (♂️♀️) do Congo e Quênia; Kituba gen. nov. para incluir K. mayombensis sp. nov. (♂️♀️) e K. langalanga sp. nov. (♀️) do Congo; e Yoruba gen. nov. para incluir Y. ibadanus sp. nov. (♂️♀️) da Nigéria e Y. toubensis sp. nov. (♂️♀️) da Costa do Marfim. Mapas de distribuição são fornecidos para os gêneros africanos incluídos neste estudo e uma chave de identificação é fornecida para todos os treze gêneros de Prodidominae registrados na África / Prodidominae was recently reestablished as a subfamily of Gnaphosidae, comprising 315 species distributed in 32 genera. In this study, we conducted a cladistic analysis including 55 species of Prodidominae and 32 species of other Gnaphosidae genera and associated families as an outgroup. The matrix is composed of 282 morphological characters and the data was analyzed under the parsimony criterion, using TNT 1.5. Prodidominae was not recovered as monophyletic. Anagrina appears more related to Leptodrassinae, it is removed from Prodidominae and considered incertae sedis. Cryptotoerithus Rainbow, Molycria Simon, Myandra Simon, Nomindra Platnick & Baher, Wesmaldra Platnick & Baher and Wydundra Platnick & Baher arise as a monophyletic unit, characterized by the presence of ALS extremely elongated situated far in advance of the posterior spinnerets, piriform gland spigots elongated with retractile area and presence of an apical hood in the basal article. Thus, we reestablish Molycriinae as a distinct subfamily within Gnaphosidae, sister to Prodidominae. We redefine the limits of Prodidominae to include the genera Austrodomus Lawrence, Brasilomma Brescovit, Ferreira & Rheims, Caudalia Alayón, Chileomma Platnick, Shadab & Sorkin, Chileuma Platnick, Shadab & Sorkin, Chilongius Platnick, Shadab & Sorkin, Eleleis Simon, Lygromma Simon, Lygrommatoides Strand, Moreno Mello-Leitão, Namundra Platnick & Bird, Neozimiris Simon, Nopyllus Ott, Paracymbiomma Rodrigues, Cizauskas & Rheims, Plutonodomus Cooke, Prodidomus Hentz, Purcelliana Cooke, Theuma Simon, Theumella Strand, Tivodrassus Chamberlin & Ivie, Tricongius Simon, Zimirina Dalmas and Zimiris Simon. Species of these genera share the presence of anterior lateral spinnerets with piriform gland spigots associated with patches of long setae and the presence of a large protrusion between coxae IV with erect setae and unsclerotized margins. In addition, based on the results of the analysis, we propose three new synonymies: Oltacloea Mello-Leitão, 1940 as a junior synonym of Tricongius Simon, 1893, Prodida Dalmas, 1919 as junior synonym of Prodidomus Hentz, 1847 and Katumbea Cooke, 1964 as a junior synonym of Austrodomus Lawrence, 1947. We remove L. ybyguara Rheims & Brescovit from Lygromma and place it as incertae sedis. In addition, we conduct a taxonomic revision of exclusively African genera. Austrodomus Lawrence, Eleleis Simon and Purcelliana Cooke are revised. Austrodomus zuluensis Lawrence, 1947 and A. oxoniensis (Cooke, 1964) are redescribed, the male of A. scaber (Purcell, 1904) is described for the first time and a new species, A. gamsberg sp. nov. (♂️) is proposed from Namibia. Eleleis crinite Simon, 1893 is redescribed and eight new species are proposed, E. Limpopo sp. nov. (♂️♀️) from South Africa and Zambia, E. Okavango sp. nov. (♂️♀️) from Botswana and Namibia E. etosha sp. nov. (♂️♀️), E. himba sp. nov. (♂️) and E. luderitz sp. nov. (♀️) from Namibia, E. leleupis sp. nov. (♂️) and E. haddadi sp. nov. (♀️) from South Africa and E. solitaria sp. nov. (♀️) from Cape Verde. Purcelliana problematica Cooke, 1964 is redescribed and three new species are described, P. kamaseb sp. nov. (♂️♀️) and P. khabus sp. nov. (♂️♀️) from Namibia and P. cederbergis sp. nov. (♂️) from South Africa. Plutonodomus Cooke and Theumella Strand are redescribed based only on their type species, P. kungwensis Cooke, 1964 and T. typical. In addition, based on the results of the cladistic analysis of Prodidominae three new genera are described: Kikongo gen. nov. to include K. Ruwenzori sp. nov. (♂️♀️) and K.buta sp. nov. (♂️♀️) from Congo and K. rutshuru sp. nov. (♂️♀️) from Congo and Kenya; Kituba gen. nov. to include K. mayombensis sp. nov. (♂️♀️) and K. langalanga sp. nov. (♀️) from Congo; and Yoruba gen. nov. to include Y. ibadanus sp. nov. (♂️♀️) from Nigeria and Y. toubensis sp. nov. (♂️♀️) from Ivory Coast. Distribution maps are provided for genera included in this study and an identification key is provided for all thirteen genera of Prodidominae recorded in Africa

Torpor and hibernation, two distinct forms of heterothermy, are physiological responses employed by many endotherms to save energy during periods of cold, climatic unpredictability and food shortage. Heterothermy is characterized by varying body temperature and has been found to occur in various subtropical mammals. However, studies on thermoregulatory capabilities of South African Microchiroptera remain relatively scant. In this study, the capacity for use of heterothermy, the seasonal metabolic rates, and capacity for non-shivering thermogenesis were studied in four species of bats, namely Rhinolophus clivosus, Rhinolophus capensis, Miniopterus natalensis and Myotis tricolor. Animals were collected from a group of three mines in Sleepy Hollow Farm, 30km from Port Elizabeth, South Africa. All species demonstrated bouts of torpor in the winter while R. clivosus interestingly established a high propensity for torpor in the summer and normothermia in the winter. To my knowledge, this is the first study that has shown the down-regulation of metabolism and body temperature in summer and constant maintenance of normothermic body temperature in winter in a species of Microchiroptera. M. natalensis was thermolabile in both summer and winter and body temperatures closely tracked ambient temperatures. Mean ± SD normothermic body temperature measured of wild-caught R. clivosus and M. natalensis was 38.6 ± 1.7°C and 37.3 ± 2.2°C, respectively. Mean torpid body temperature measured of wild-caught R. clivosus, R. capensis and M. natalensis was 22.7 ± 3.3°C, 21.1 ± 3.2 °C, and 22.6 ± 3.1°C, respectively. Non-shivering thermogenesis was measured in R. clivosus and M. natalensis to determine the role of endogenous heat production in a volant mammal. The mean noradrenalineinduced thermogenesis ± SD in R. clivosus and M. natalensis was 2.6 ± 0.8 ml g-1 hr-1 and 2.7 ± 0.6 ml O2 g-1 hr-1, respectively. Both species demonstrated capacity for non-shivering thermogenesis, and this is the first study that has quantified the maximal response to noradrenaline in an Afrotropical Microchiropteran species. Physiology of Afrotropical bats is understudied and the extent to which torpor and/or hibernation is utilized amongst them remains relatively unknown. Heterothermy clearly plays a significant role in the energetic savings and balance of all four species in the study.

A synthesis of all results of researches done by the author on arboviruses cycles and bioecology of their vectors in French Guiana, Central African Republic and Brazil, from 1975 to 1996. Emphasis is put on the ecoepidemiology of yellow fever and dengue viruses. Studies are also reported on the impacts of environmental changes on the transmission of arboviruses in Brazilian Amazonia.<br />An exhaustive list of publications and communications of the author is presented.

Dans un contexte d’émergence ou de réémergence des maladies à transmission vectorielle, certaines espèces de Culicoides (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) sont impliquées dans la transmission de certains virus (Reoviridae : Orbivirus) et de nématodes (Onchocercidae : Mansonella) en région Afrotropicale. Cependant, le schéma systématique et taxonomique ainsi que la bio-écologie des espèces d’intérêt vétérinaire restent à explorer. Ce travail de taxonomie intégrative a pour objectifs de réaliser (i) une révision systématique et taxonomique des espèces appartenant à des sous-genres et des groupes d’intérêt à partir de phylogénie moléculaire multi-marqueur et de délimitation d’espèces, et (ii) de développer des outils moléculaires pour l’étude de la bio-écologie des espèces d’intérêt vétérinaire et de la dynamique de leurs populations d’immatures. Nos résultats mettent en évidence (i) la présence de trois clades monophylétiques le groupe d’espèces Imicola, le groupe d’espèces Milnei et le sous-genre Remmia, (ii) une nouvelle espèce pour la science nommée C. sp. #22 et affiliée au sous-genre Avaritia, groupe Imicola, (iii) la présence d’une nouvelle espèce non-décrite nommée C. sp. #54 appartenant au groupe d’espèces Dasyops, sous-genre Avaritia, (iii) d’affilier les groupes d’espèces Similis et Neavei au sous-genre Synhelea et, (iv) de poser l’hypothèse d’une présence d’espèces cryptiques au sein de C. oxystoma (sous-genre Remmia). D’un point de vue bio-écologique, le travail réalisé combinant suivi entomologique et identification moléculaire avec une librairie de séquences barcodes a permis de décrire le comportement trophique de C. imicola, C. kingi et C. oxystoma ainsi que leurs habitats larvaires dans des environnements équins de la zone des Niayes au Sénégal. L’ensemble de ce travail permet de compléter le corpus de connaissances sur le genre Culicoides en région Afrotropicale afin d’améliorer la compréhension de l’épidémiologie des pathogènes transmis et proposer des pistes de recherches pour mieux contrôler les populations immatures et adultes des espèces vectrices afin de mieux anticiper et prévenir des évènements sanitaires. / In a context of emergence or re-emergence of vector-borne diseases, certain species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are involved in the transmission of certain viruses (Reoviridae: Orbivirus) and nematodes (Onchocercidae: Mansonella) in the Afrotropical region. However, the systematic and taxonomic schemes as well as the bio-ecology of species of veterinary interest remain to be explored. This work of integrative taxonomy aims to achieve (i) a systematic and taxonomic revision of species belonging to subgenera and groups of veterinary interest using a multi-marker molecular phylogeny and species delineation, and (ii) to develop molecular tools for studying the bioecology of species of veterinary interest and dynamics of their immature populations. Our results show (i) the presence of three monophyletic clades, the Imicola group, the Milnei group and the subgenus Remmia, (ii) a new species for science named C. sp. # 22 and affiliated into the subgenus Avaritia, Imicola group, (iii) the presence of a new undescribed species named C. sp. # 54 belonging to the Dasyops group, subgenus Avaritia, (iii) affiliating the Similis and Neavei species groups to the subgenus Synhelea, and (iv) cryptic species within C. oxystoma (subgenus Remmia). From a bioecological point of view, this work combining entomological follow-up and molecular identification with a library of barcode sequences allowed to describe the trophic behavior of C. imicola, C. kingi and C. oxystoma as well as their larval habitats in equine environments of the Niayes area in Senegal. This work completes the corpus of knowledge about the genus Culicoides in the Afrotropical region to improve our knowledge on the epidemiology of the transmitted pathogens and to propose research tracks to better control the immature and adult populations of the vector species in order to better anticipate and prevent Culicoides-borne diseases outbreaks.

Afin de préciser la distribution et l'écologie des oiseaux migrateurs paléarctiques et afrotropicaux en Afrique de l’Ouest, neuf grands types d'habitats situés au Burkina Faso ont été suivi par points d'écoute de février 2004 à novembre 2005. Contrairement aux prédictions du paradoxe de Moreau, nous démontrons que les différentes zones de savanes jouent un rôle complémentaire au cours de l’hivernage pour les migrateurs paléarctiques, et que le Sahel ne constitue pas un lieu d’étape primordial lors de la migration pré-nuptiale. En outre, nous montrons que les migrateurs n’exploitent pas plus les habitats ouverts ou dégradés que les espèces résidentes au sein d’une même guilde, et que les migrateurs paléarctiques et afrotropicaux exploitent principalement des niches écologiques différentes, suggérant que la compétition interspécifique n’est pas le principal agent structurant les communautés de résidents et de migrateurs, au moins dans cette région de l'Afrique. Au vu de l’ensemble de nos résultats, nous proposons que les migrateurs paléarctiques sont partie intégrante des communautés tropicales et qu’il existe en réalité un continuum de stratégies entre la sédentarité et la migration entre deux aires biogéographiquement distinctes au sein des espèces tropicales. / In order to unravel the distribution and ecology of palearctic and afrotropical bird migrants in western Africa, we surveyed nine major habitat types in Burkina Faso by monthly point counts from February 2004 to November 2005. In contradiction with predictions drawn from Moreau's paradox, we found that the different savanna zones hold complementary sets of species during the course of the overwintering period, and that the Sahel is not used as a critical fattening area during pre-breeding migration. In addition, we show that migrant species are not tied to more open or degraded habitats in comparison with resident species of the same feeding guilds, and that palearctic and afrotropical migrant communities use widely divergent ecological niches, which suggests that current interspecific competition is not the prominent force shaping residents-migrants avian communities Overall, our results favour the view that both palearctic and afrotropical migrant species actually belong to tropical communities, and that a continuum exists between sedentary species and migratory species that reach distinct biogeographic areas during the course of their migration.

No description available.