The relevance of the study. Apple sawfly (Hoplocampa testudinea Klug), black plum (Hoplocampa minuta Christ.) and yellow plum (Hoplocampa flava L.) sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Tenthredinidae) are serious and widespread pests of apple and plum fruits. Dock sawfly (Ametastegia glabrata Fall.) is a non-specialized apple pest and its larvae feed generally on leaves of Chenopodium sp. and Polygonum sp.; however, occasionally mature fruits at harvest are found damaged by larvae of this insect. Former studies indicated that these species caused significant damage to apple and plum yield in Lithuania in mid-late XX century. However, at that time the setup of apple and plum genotypes cultivated was completely different from conventional orchard management techniques and cultivars at present time. Therefore, the growing diversity of cultivated fruit-tree genotypes leaves gaps in knowledge as to how apple and plum sawflies will affect some of the newer cultivars. In Lithuania, no data on susceptibility of economically important apple and plum cultivars to sawfly damage in commercial orchards is available. A shift towards integrated pest management and development of organic fruit farming poses new challenges to apple growers and plant protection specialists. According to the requirements of these management strategies, the use of synthetic pesticides must be reduced or is not allowed at all. Several reports from countries where the use of synthetic insecticides was significantly... [to full text] / Temos aktualumas. Obuolinis pjūklelis (Hoplocampa testudinea Klug), slyvinis juodasis (Hoplocampa minuta Christ.) ir slyvinis geltonasis (Hoplocampa flava L.) pjūkleliai, priklausantys plėviasparnių (Hymenoptera) būriui, tikrųjų pjūklelių (Tenthredinidae) šeimai, yra reikšmingi specializuoti obelų ir slyvų vaisių kenkėjai, paplitę viso pasaulio obelų ir slyvų auginimo regionuose (Velbinger, 1939; Alford, 2007; Vincent, Belair, 1992). Rūgtinis pjūklelis (Ametastegia glabrata Fall.) priklauso tai pačiai šeimai – ir, nors jo lervos pagrindinai minta balandinių ir rūgtinių augalų lapais, tačiau dažnai aptinkama ir šio vabzdžio lervų pažeistų obuolių. Anksčiau Lietuvoje obuolinis bei slyviniai pjūkleliai būdavo žalingi senesniuose soduose. Susidarius palankioms sąlygoms masiškai plisti arba vaismedžiams derant negausiai, šių kenkėjų daroma žala viršydavo kitų pagrindinių obelų ir slyvų kenkėjų, tokių kaip obuolinis (Cydia pomonella L.) ar slyvinis (Grapholita funebrana Treits) vaisėdžiai, daromą žalą. Pavyzdžiui, slyviniai pjūkleliai susidarius palankioms sąlygoms – šiltam ir ankstyvam pavasariui, sunaikindavo daugiau kaip 60% kai kurių veislių slyvų vaisių derliaus (Заянчкаускас, 1958). Per paskutinius du dešimtmečius Lietuvoje senuosius sodus pakeitė intensyvūs ir ekologiniai sodai, kuriuose sodinami naujų veislių vaismedžiai su žemaūgiais poskiepiais. Pasikeitus ūkininkavimo sąlygoms, keičiantis aplinkos sąlygoms, šylant klimatui, keičiasi kenkėjų rūšinė sudėtis bei žalingumas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / O litoral do Rio Grande do Norte, devido à sua orientaÃÃo geogrÃfica, possui particularidades que o distingue das outras zonas costeiras do Nordeste brasileiro. Com caracterÃsticas climatolÃgicas, geomorfolÃgicas e fitogeogrÃficas diferentes, o litoral à dividido em duas Ãreas distintas: setentrional e oriental, onde a frota de pequena escala atua com grande efetividade. Apesar de ser uma atividade de grande importÃncia socioeconÃmica, esse setor atualmente està tendo dificuldades no seu ordenamento, devido à alta complexidade que apresenta, dificultando a obtenÃÃo de informaÃÃes necessÃrias para a avaliaÃÃo e monitoramento das pescarias. Portanto, o objetivo central da pesquisa foi analisar a bioecologia da ictiofauna marinha e a dinÃmica das pescarias, considerando a orientaÃÃo geogrÃfica e as mudanÃas estacionais dos fatores climÃticos do litoral do Rio Grande do Norte. Os dados utilizados foram obtidos durante a execuÃÃo do Projeto de EstatÃstica Pesqueira no Rio Grande do Norte, coordenado pelo Centro de Pesquisa e GestÃo de Recursos Pesqueiros do Litoral Nordeste e desenvolvido pela GerÃncia Executiva do Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais RenovÃveis, no perÃodo de janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2006. Para atender os objetivos, a bioecologia da ictiofauna marinha foi analisada com base em quatro objetos de estudo: composiÃÃo, caracterizaÃÃo (ecolÃgica e comercial), abundÃncia e diversidade, avaliando possÃveis diferenÃas estacionais nos dois Ãltimos componentes que, posteriormente, foram descritos e correlacionados com a biologia das principais espÃcies. A dinÃmica das pescarias foi analisada por meio de quatro objetos de estudo: caracterizaÃÃo das embarcaÃÃes e aparelhos-de-pesca, esforÃo de pesca, rendimento e composiÃÃo especÃfica, tambÃm avaliando possÃveis diferenÃas estacionais que foram descritas e relacionadas com as principais espÃcies capturadas. TÃcnicas multivariadas foram utilizadas com o objetivo de sintetizar a estrutura de variabilidade dos dados, facilitando a interpretaÃÃo dos resultados. Dessa forma, o litoral setentrional apresentou-se como um ambiente com variaÃÃes estacionais evidenciadas principalmente pela presenÃa de uma importante Ãrea de ressurgÃncia, onde a estrutura da ictiofauna foi definida pela baixa diversidade especÃfica e composta por espÃcies pelÃgicas com altos nÃveis de biomassa. Os principais recursos dessa Ãrea corresponderam à pesca do peixe voador e do dourado, tendo o bote com linha/jererÃ, a pescaria de melhor desempenho na captura dessas espÃcies, que à mais acentuada na estaÃÃo chuvosa devido ao perÃodo reprodutivo do peixe voador. O litoral oriental demonstrou caracterÃsticas distintas daquelas do setentrional, com um ambiente mais complexo devido à presenÃa de um grande nÃmero de recifes de coral, onde a estrutura da ictiofauna apresentou uma alta diversidade especÃfica e composta por espÃcies demersais com baixos nÃveis de abundÃncia especÃfica. Os principais recursos dessa Ãrea foram referentes Ãs vÃrias espÃcies das famÃlias Lutjanidae, Haemulidae e Carangidae, sendo os paquetes com rede-de-espera e linha, as pescarias mais importantes desse litoral durante todo o ano. Conclui-se que, a estruturaÃÃo das informaÃÃes sobre a bioecologia da ictiofauna marinha e dinÃmica das pescarias comprovou a hipÃtese levantada, que foi a seguinte: âAs especificidades ambientais dos litorais setentrional e oriental do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte modelam a estrutura da ictiofauna marinha que configuram diferentes estratÃgias de explotaÃÃo executadas pela pesca de pequena escalaâ / The coast of Rio Grande do Norte, due to its geographical orientation, has characteristics that distinguish it from other coastal areas of Northeast Brazil. With climate conditions, geomorphological and phytogeographical different, the coastline is divided into two distinct areas: north and east where the fleet of small-scale works with great efficiency. Despite being an activity of great socioeconomic importance, this sector is currently experiencing difficulties in their land due to the high complexity features, making it difficult to obtain information necessary for evaluation and monitoring of fisheries. Therefore, the central objective of the research was to analyze the bio-ecology of marine fishes and fisheries dynamics, considering the geographical orientation and the seasonal changes of climatic factors on the coast of Rio Grande do Norte. The data used were obtained during the execution of Fisheries Statistics Project in Rio Grande do Norte, coordinated by the Center for Research and Management of Fishery Resources of the Northeast Coast and developed by the Executive Management of the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources, in From January 2005 to December 2006. To meet these objectives, the bio-ecology of marine fishes was analyzed based on four objects of study: composition, characterization (ecological and commercial), abundance and diversity, evaluating possible seasonal differences in the last two components that were later described and correlated with the biology of key species. The dynamics of the fishery was analyzed by means of four objects of study: characterization of vessels and equipment-for-fishing, fishing effort, yield and composition, also evaluating possible seasonal differences have been described and related to the principal species. Multivariate techniques were used in order to synthesize the structure of variability of the data, facilitating the interpretation of results. Thus, the northern coast presented itself as an environment with seasonal variations mainly evidenced by the presence of an important area of ​​upwelling, where the structure of the ichthyofauna was defined by low species diversity and composed of pelagic species with high levels of biomass. The main features of this area corresponded to fishing for flying fish and gold, and the boat with online / jererÃ, fishing better performance in capturing these species, which is more pronounced in the rainy season due to the reproductive period of the flying fish. The eastern coast showed different characteristics from those of the Northern, with a more complex due to the presence of a large number of coral reefs, where the structure of the ichthyofauna showed a high species diversity and composed of demersal species with low levels of fish abundance. The main features of this area were related to several species of the families Lutjanidae, and Carangidae Haemulidae, and the bellboy to-network and waiting line, the most important fisheries of the coast throughout the year. It is concluded that the structure of the information on the bio-ecology of marine fishes and fisheries dynamics proved the hypothesis, which was as follows: "The environmental characteristics of northern and eastern coasts of Rio Grande do Norte model the structure of the ichthyofauna Navy configure different strategies of exploitation carried out by small-scale fisheries "

Rastrococcus iceryoides Green (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), an alien invasive mealybug pest of Asian origin was first detected in Tanzania in 1989. This pest rapidly spread by the mid-1990s and was soon present in Coastal Kenya and Northern Malawi, where it has been regarded and remains a major pest of mango. Because of its novelty status, there was no information on its biology, ecology and its natural enemies that could aid development of management efforts. This study, therefore, was initiated to establish the bioecology of R. iceryoides and its natural enemies in Kenya and Tanzania, and to explore for efficient co-evolved natural enemies in the aboriginal home of the pest in India. Based on the exploratory survey data, two correlative approaches, Desktop-GARP (Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction) and Maxent ( Maximum entropy) were used to identify climatically suitable areas in Africa that are agro-meteorologically similar to the aboriginal home of the pest. The first step was to carry out a countrywide survey in Kenya and Tanzania to establish the distribution, host-plant relationship and natural enemies of this pest. The survey revealed that R. iceryoides infested twenty-nine plant species particularly Mangifera indica L. and Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh, and the wild plants Parkinsonia aculeata L., Caesalpinia sepiaria Roxb, and Deinbollia borbonica Scheft. A total of six primary parasitoid species were recovered from R. iceryoides with Anagyrus pseudococci Girault (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) predominating. Thirty-eight species of predators belonging to 14 families were also recorded. Despite the presence of these indigenous natural enemies, their ability to regulate the population of R. iceryoides was inadequate. In laboratory host preference studies, M. indica, Cucurbita moschata Duchesne, P. aculeata and C. cajan were found to be the most preferred host plants in view of improving laboratory mass rearing of this pest and the parasitoid. The impact of O. longinoda on the biological control activities of A. pseudococci in the laboratory revealed that percentage parasitism of R. iceryoides by A. pseudococci was significantly higher on ant-excluded trials than on ant-attended trials. Worker ants were observed to remove mummified mealybugs, which resulted in significantly reduced percentage of adult parasitoid eclosion. Oecophylla longinoda showed aggressive behaviour and caused a significant mortality of A. pseudococci during the exposure period. The spatial and temporal population dynamics of this pest was also studied and revealed that populations of R. iceryoides followed an annual cycle which is synchronized with the mango fruiting season, with a peak incidence occurring during the dry season (December to February) on all plant parts. The population dynamics of R. iceryoides and its natural enemies were significantly and positively influenced by temperature, while it was significantly and negatively correlated with rainfall. The exploratory survey in India showed that R. iceryoides is widely distributed throughout the state of Tamil Nadu and infested ten cultivated and wild plant species with extremely low levels of infestation. Percentage parasitism based on the proportion of mummified R. iceryoides was high on all host plants. Out of eleven primary parasitoid species, Praleurocerus viridis Agarwal (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Anagyrus chryos Noyes&Hayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) were the most dominant and widely distributed species. In addition to the parasitoids, 10 predator species from 7 families were recorded. Based on the model established with data from India, it was determined that climatically suitable areas for introduction of promising parasitoids in Africa include the humid tropical coastlines of Kenya and Tanzania, as well as some restricted areas in West and Central Africa. Studies of the potential worldwide distribution of R. iceryoides showed that the pest might poses a serious threat on a worldwide scale as it could narrowly become established in all the mango producing countries in the continents. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Zoology and Entomology / unrestricted

A idade das fêmeas colonizadoras de Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) durante o abandonamento do hospedeiro, assim como sua resposta aos voláteis de flores de café, Coffea arabica L. var. Tupi, foram investigadas neste trabalho. Um dispositivo experimental que simulasse as condições de dentro do fruto de café e permitisse a observação da saída dos insetos foi utilizado para a determinação da idade das fêmeas colonizadoras. Em média, os besouros apresentaram 15 dias de idade no momento em que abandonaram o dispositivo experimental. Nesta idade as fêmeas estavam acasaladas, possuiam o tegumento totalmente melanizado, foram capazes de voar e produzir ovos viáveis. Os voláteis de flores de café, foram coletados por aeração, analisados por GC-EAD e GC-MS, e testados em bioensaios olfatométricos. As fêmeas colonizadoras de H. hampei foram atraídas pelos voláteis de flores de café. Dos 50 compostos encontrados nos extratos naturais, sete foram eletrofisiologicamente ativos aos insetos. Destes sete, somente metil salicilato, neral e geranial puderam ser identificados, e a mistura de seus padrões sintéticos foi a mais atrativa nos bioensaios olfatométricos. Tomados juntos, estes resultados trazem novas informações sobre a bioecologia e ecologia química da broca-do-café, as quais poderão ser usadas futuramente em pesquisas de base e naquelas focadas no desenvolvimento de novas estratégias de manejo para H. hampei em cafezais. / The age of Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) females during the host abandonment, as well as their response to coffee flower volatiles were determinated under laboratory conditions. A experimental device that simulated the conditions inside a coffee berry, and that allowed the observation the insects coming out was used to determinate the age of colonizing females. On average, the beetles were 15 d-old at the moment they abandoned the experimental device. In this age, the females were mated, had a fully melanized tegument, were able to fly and to produce viable eggs. The volatiles of coffee, Coffea arabica L. var. Tupi, flowers were colected by aeration, analyzed in GC-EAD and GC-MS, and tested in olfactometer bioassays. The colonizing H. hampei females were attracted by the coffee flower volatiles. Of 50 compounds found in the natural extracts, seven were electrophysiologically actives to the insects. Of these seven, only methyl salicylate, neral and geranial could be identified, and the blend with their syntetic standards was the most atractive in the olfactometer bioassays. Taken together, these results bring new information on the bioecology and chemical ecology of the coffee berry borer, which may be used in the future by basic researchs or by those focused on the development of new strategies for the management of H. hampei in coffee farms.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:16:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 soliman_ep_me_botfca.pdf: 1929604 bytes, checksum: 7beb19aac0ac5d9ba0e80155654f48ca (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O percevejo bronzeado do eucalipto, Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae), originário da Austrália distribuiu-se rapidamente nos plantios de eucalipto no Brasil, sendo diagnosticado em 2008 em SP e RS. Em todo o mundo pouco se conhece sobre sua biologia de modo que este estudo investigou a bioecologia de T. peregrinus em diferentes espécies e híbridos de eucalipto e em diferentes temperaturas e um primeiro levantamento dos inimigos naturais. A bioecologia em diferentes materiais vegetais foi estudada em Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. urophylla, E. grandis e em 3 clones híbridos entre essas três espécies (clones „1277‟, „VM-1‟ e „H-13‟) em câmara bioclimatizada a 26 ± 1 °C, 70% ± 10% e fotofase de 12 horas. A espécie E. urophylla foi o material utilizado para a bioecologia em diferentes temperaturas (14, 18, 22, 26 e 30 ± 1 °C, 70% ± 10% e fotofase de 12 horas). O levantamento inicial de inimigos naturais foi realizado por observações de campo e testes laboratoriais. A biologia de diferentes genótipos indicou que a espécie E. urophylla e E. grandis são os mais adequados ao desenvolvimento e reprodução de T. peregrinus, apesar de todos os tratamentos permitirem que o percevejo-bronzeado se desenvolvesse e produzisse descendentes. A temperatura influenciou diretamente a duração das fases do ciclo e, na menor temperatura o desenvolvimento foi retardado, em comparação com as temperaturas mais elevadas. Porém, T. peregrinus conseguiu desenvolver e produzir descendentes férteis em todas as temperaturas estudadas. A pesquisa indicou existência de inimigos naturais no Brasil, principalmente insetos predadores e fungos entomopatogênicos que se adaptaram a presa ou hospedeiro. No campo foi observado a predação de ninfas de T. peregrinus por Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) e infecção por fungos da Ordem Entomophtorales em... / The bronze-bug Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) is originated from Australia and was spreaded rapidly in eucalyptus plantations in different countries In Africa and South America. In Brazil, he was detectedin 2008 in staes of Sao Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul. There is few information about its biology, then, this study aimed to determine the bioecology of T. peregrinus in different Eucalyptus species and hybrids and at different temperatures, besides to evaluated some natural enemies. In bioecology study were used the species Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. urophylla, E. grandis and three clonal hybrids among these species in climated chamber at 26 ± 1° C, 70% ± 10% and photophase of 12 h. The species E. urophylla was the species choosed for bioecology study at temperatures of 14, 18, 22, 26 and 30 ± 1° C, maintained the same RH and photophase conditions of previous study. The survey of potential natural enemies was carried outthrough field observations and laboratory tests. The biology of different materials indicated E. urophylla and E. grandis were the best to development and reproduction of T. peregrines. However, the insect developed and produced fertile offspring in all treatments. The temperature directly influenced the duration of the cycle stages, and at lower temperatures development was delayed comparing to higher temperatures. Nevertheless the bronze bug could be developed and produce fertile offspring in all temperatures tested. In the field survey it was founded few natural enemies being some predatory insects have adapted to prey the pest. In the field was diagnosed predation of nymphs of T. peregrinus by Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and infection by Entomophtorales spp. in adults and nymphs. In laboratory conditions, the predator Atopozelus opsimus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) fed both nymphs and adults. T. peregrinus developed and ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:34:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:06:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_nc_dr_botfca.pdf: 744754 bytes, checksum: 6d4acfe27c37f28d6c62ddca2be4c6c6 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Empresa Privada / Gonipterus scutellatus, conhecido como o gorgulho do eucalipto, é de origem australiana e considerada mundialmente a principal espécie de besouro desfolhador de Eucalyptus. Este trabalho teve por objetivos estudar o desenvolvimento de G. scutellatus em diferentes espécies e híbridos de Eucalyptus (E. camaldulensis, E. grandis, E. urophylla e dois híbridos de E. grandis x E. urophylla conhecidos como urograndis) em diferentes temperaturas (18°C, 22°C, 26°C e 30°C). Os resultados demonstraram que o desenvolvimento biológico de G. scutellatus foi dependente do hospedeiro e da temperatura. E. urophylla foi o mais adequado ao desenvolvimento do gorgulho enquanto E. grandis afetou negativamente sua biologia. Para os híbridos, os resultados foram intermediários entre os obtidos nessas duas espécies. O período de desenvolvimento de G. scutellatus foi inversamente proporcional à temperatura. Foi observado que a melhor temperatura foi a 26°C enquanto 30°C foi letal ao desenvolvimento biológico desta espécie. / Gonipterus scutellatus, known as eucalyptus snout beetle, is from Australia and considered the main species of Eucalyptus defoliator beetle world-wide. This paper deals with the development of the G. scutellatus reared on different species and hybrids of Eucalyptus (E. camaldulensis, E. grandis, E. urophylla and two hybrids of E. grandis X E. urophylla, the so called urograndis) at different temperatures (18°C, 22°C, 26°C and 30°C). The results demonstrated that G. scutellatus biological development was host and temperature dependent, E. urophylla was the most suitable for the weevil development while E. grandis affected negatively its biology. As to hybrids, the results were intermediary between the obtained on these two species. The development period of G. scutellatus was inversely proportional to the temperature. It was observed that 26°C was the best temperature, while 30°C was lethal to the biological development of this species.

Orientador: Carlos Frederico Wilcken / Banca: Wilson Badiali Crocomo / Banca: Evoneo Berti Filho / Banca: Nilton José de Sousa / Banca: Edson Tadeu Iede / Resumo: Gonipterus scutellatus, conhecido como o gorgulho do eucalipto, é de origem australiana e considerada mundialmente a principal espécie de besouro desfolhador de Eucalyptus. Este trabalho teve por objetivos estudar o desenvolvimento de G. scutellatus em diferentes espécies e híbridos de Eucalyptus (E. camaldulensis, E. grandis, E. urophylla e dois híbridos de E. grandis x E. urophylla conhecidos como urograndis) em diferentes temperaturas (18°C, 22°C, 26°C e 30°C). Os resultados demonstraram que o desenvolvimento biológico de G. scutellatus foi dependente do hospedeiro e da temperatura. E. urophylla foi o mais adequado ao desenvolvimento do gorgulho enquanto E. grandis afetou negativamente sua biologia. Para os híbridos, os resultados foram intermediários entre os obtidos nessas duas espécies. O período de desenvolvimento de G. scutellatus foi inversamente proporcional à temperatura. Foi observado que a melhor temperatura foi a 26°C enquanto 30°C foi letal ao desenvolvimento biológico desta espécie. / Abstract: Gonipterus scutellatus, known as eucalyptus snout beetle, is from Australia and considered the main species of Eucalyptus defoliator beetle world-wide. This paper deals with the development of the G. scutellatus reared on different species and hybrids of Eucalyptus (E. camaldulensis, E. grandis, E. urophylla and two hybrids of E. grandis X E. urophylla, the so called urograndis) at different temperatures (18°C, 22°C, 26°C and 30°C). The results demonstrated that G. scutellatus biological development was host and temperature dependent, E. urophylla was the most suitable for the weevil development while E. grandis affected negatively its biology. As to hybrids, the results were intermediary between the obtained on these two species. The development period of G. scutellatus was inversely proportional to the temperature. It was observed that 26°C was the best temperature, while 30°C was lethal to the biological development of this species. / Doutor

Orientador: Carlos Frederico Wilcken / Banca: Ronaldo Pavarini / Banca: Leonardo Rodrigues Barbosa / Resumo: O percevejo bronzeado do eucalipto, Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae), originário da Austrália distribuiu-se rapidamente nos plantios de eucalipto no Brasil, sendo diagnosticado em 2008 em SP e RS. Em todo o mundo pouco se conhece sobre sua biologia de modo que este estudo investigou a bioecologia de T. peregrinus em diferentes espécies e híbridos de eucalipto e em diferentes temperaturas e um primeiro levantamento dos inimigos naturais. A bioecologia em diferentes materiais vegetais foi estudada em Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. urophylla, E. grandis e em 3 clones híbridos entre essas três espécies (clones „1277‟, „VM-1‟ e „H-13‟) em câmara bioclimatizada a 26 ± 1 °C, 70% ± 10% e fotofase de 12 horas. A espécie E. urophylla foi o material utilizado para a bioecologia em diferentes temperaturas (14, 18, 22, 26 e 30 ± 1 °C, 70% ± 10% e fotofase de 12 horas). O levantamento inicial de inimigos naturais foi realizado por observações de campo e testes laboratoriais. A biologia de diferentes genótipos indicou que a espécie E. urophylla e E. grandis são os mais adequados ao desenvolvimento e reprodução de T. peregrinus, apesar de todos os tratamentos permitirem que o percevejo-bronzeado se desenvolvesse e produzisse descendentes. A temperatura influenciou diretamente a duração das fases do ciclo e, na menor temperatura o desenvolvimento foi retardado, em comparação com as temperaturas mais elevadas. Porém, T. peregrinus conseguiu desenvolver e produzir descendentes férteis em todas as temperaturas estudadas. A pesquisa indicou existência de inimigos naturais no Brasil, principalmente insetos predadores e fungos entomopatogênicos que se adaptaram a presa ou hospedeiro. No campo foi observado a predação de ninfas de T. peregrinus por Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) e infecção por fungos da Ordem Entomophtorales em ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The bronze-bug Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) is originated from Australia and was spreaded rapidly in eucalyptus plantations in different countries In Africa and South America. In Brazil, he was detectedin 2008 in staes of Sao Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul. There is few information about its biology, then, this study aimed to determine the bioecology of T. peregrinus in different Eucalyptus species and hybrids and at different temperatures, besides to evaluated some natural enemies. In bioecology study were used the species Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. urophylla, E. grandis and three clonal hybrids among these species in climated chamber at 26 ± 1° C, 70% ± 10% and photophase of 12 h. The species E. urophylla was the species choosed for bioecology study at temperatures of 14, 18, 22, 26 and 30 ± 1° C, maintained the same RH and photophase conditions of previous study. The survey of potential natural enemies was carried outthrough field observations and laboratory tests. The biology of different materials indicated E. urophylla and E. grandis were the best to development and reproduction of T. peregrines. However, the insect developed and produced fertile offspring in all treatments. The temperature directly influenced the duration of the cycle stages, and at lower temperatures development was delayed comparing to higher temperatures. Nevertheless the bronze bug could be developed and produce fertile offspring in all temperatures tested. In the field survey it was founded few natural enemies being some predatory insects have adapted to prey the pest. In the field was diagnosed predation of nymphs of T. peregrinus by Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and infection by Entomophtorales spp. in adults and nymphs. In laboratory conditions, the predator Atopozelus opsimus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) fed both nymphs and adults. T. peregrinus developed and ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-11-28T12:51:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marciene Dantas Moreira.pdf: 367488 bytes, checksum: 1c62f7268fdd87f4772b0530a6eaab2b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-28T12:51:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marciene Dantas Moreira.pdf: 367488 bytes, checksum: 1c62f7268fdd87f4772b0530a6eaab2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / During the parasitism process many factors can lead to host rejection by the parasitoid. Thus, it was evaluated bio-ecological aspects of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) parasiting Sitotroga cerealella Oliver (Lep.: Gelechiidae) eggs. The study was conducted in free-choice test, alternating parasitized and unparasitized eggs, and no-choice test, using only parasitized eggs. For the parasitism study, mated females of T. pretiosum 12 to 24h-old were used. And, parasitized eggs of S. cerealella 24, 72 and 120h-old were used as host. To evaluate the biological characteristics of T. pretiosum superparasitism, S. cerealella eggs were exposed to the parasitism by one or more parasitoid females aiming oviposition of one or two eggs of the parasitoid per host. The parasitism rejection on 72 e 120h previously parasitized S. cerealella eggs was approximately 100% in relation to the 24h-parasitized eggs (ca. 71.3%). On the other hand, the contact time of the female on 24h-parasitized eggs was around twice longer than on 72 and 120h-parasitized eggs. The offspring produced from single egg laid per host werelarger, exhibited no deformation and greater capacity of parasitism, and in contrast of those produced from two eggs laid per host. We concluded that T. pretiosum exhibited ability inrecognizing eggs previously parasitized and that the superparasitism resulted in reduction of reproductive success of the parasitoid. / Durante o processo de parasitismo diversos fatores podem levar à rejeição do hospedeiro pelo parasitóide. Dessa forma, avaliou-se aspectos comportamentais e biológicos de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) parasitando ovos de Sitotroga cerealella Oliver (Lep.: Gelechiidae). O estudo foi conduzido com chance de escolha, alternando-se ovos parasitados e não parasitados, e sem chance de escolha, utilizando-se apenas ovos parasitados. Para o parasitismo, foram utilizadas fêmeas acasaladas de T. pretiosum de 12 a 24h de idade. Foram utilizados ovos de S. cerealella com 24, 72 e 120h de parasitados. Para a avaliação das características biológicas em situação de parasitismo e superparasitismo, ovos de S. cerealella foram submetidos a uma ou mais fêmeas de T. pretiosum, possibilitando a oviposição de 1 a 2 ovos do parasitóide por hospedeiro. A porcentagem de rejeição de ovos de S. cerealella com 72 e 120h de parasitados foi de aproximadamente 100% em relação aos ovos com apenas 24h de parasitados (71,3%). Em contrapartida, o tempo de contato da fêmea sobre ovos de 24h deparasitados foi, aproximadamente, duas vezes maior que em ovos com 72 e 120h de parasitados. Os descendentes originados de um único ovo do parasitóide/hospedeiro apresentaram-se todos sem deformações, maiores e com maior capacidade de parasitismo, ao contrário dos descendentes emergidos de dois ovos do parasitóide/hospedeiro. Dessa forma, conclui-se que T. pretiosum apresentou habilidade em reconhecer ovos previamente parasitados e que o superparasitismo resultou em redução do sucesso reprodutivo do parasitóide.

A idade das fêmeas colonizadoras de Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) durante o abandonamento do hospedeiro, assim como sua resposta aos voláteis de flores de café, Coffea arabica L. var. Tupi, foram investigadas neste trabalho. Um dispositivo experimental que simulasse as condições de dentro do fruto de café e permitisse a observação da saída dos insetos foi utilizado para a determinação da idade das fêmeas colonizadoras. Em média, os besouros apresentaram 15 dias de idade no momento em que abandonaram o dispositivo experimental. Nesta idade as fêmeas estavam acasaladas, possuiam o tegumento totalmente melanizado, foram capazes de voar e produzir ovos viáveis. Os voláteis de flores de café, foram coletados por aeração, analisados por GC-EAD e GC-MS, e testados em bioensaios olfatométricos. As fêmeas colonizadoras de H. hampei foram atraídas pelos voláteis de flores de café. Dos 50 compostos encontrados nos extratos naturais, sete foram eletrofisiologicamente ativos aos insetos. Destes sete, somente metil salicilato, neral e geranial puderam ser identificados, e a mistura de seus padrões sintéticos foi a mais atrativa nos bioensaios olfatométricos. Tomados juntos, estes resultados trazem novas informações sobre a bioecologia e ecologia química da broca-do-café, as quais poderão ser usadas futuramente em pesquisas de base e naquelas focadas no desenvolvimento de novas estratégias de manejo para H. hampei em cafezais. / The age of Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) females during the host abandonment, as well as their response to coffee flower volatiles were determinated under laboratory conditions. A experimental device that simulated the conditions inside a coffee berry, and that allowed the observation the insects coming out was used to determinate the age of colonizing females. On average, the beetles were 15 d-old at the moment they abandoned the experimental device. In this age, the females were mated, had a fully melanized tegument, were able to fly and to produce viable eggs. The volatiles of coffee, Coffea arabica L. var. Tupi, flowers were colected by aeration, analyzed in GC-EAD and GC-MS, and tested in olfactometer bioassays. The colonizing H. hampei females were attracted by the coffee flower volatiles. Of 50 compounds found in the natural extracts, seven were electrophysiologically actives to the insects. Of these seven, only methyl salicylate, neral and geranial could be identified, and the blend with their syntetic standards was the most atractive in the olfactometer bioassays. Taken together, these results bring new information on the bioecology and chemical ecology of the coffee berry borer, which may be used in the future by basic researchs or by those focused on the development of new strategies for the management of H. hampei in coffee farms.