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Because of the community difference of Internet user, the new media can spend the most economgic advertising expenses to contact with target customer. But according to the IAB¡]Internet Advertising Bureau¡^report, 72% IA (Internet advertising) revenue was hold by the top ten America web site, the twenty-five and fifty gain 84% and 87% I.A revenue. The inadequate resources may cause the big web site become biger and the small web site die in the Internet, over a long period of time, it will affect the development of new media of Internet. The apperence of the Ad network solve the inadequate resources of I.A. The Ad network intergrated different content and classification web sites make the traffic close to the portal site increase the choices of advertiser/agent media selection. But as a result of unripe I.A market, the Ad networks provided different service, charge standard, the type of advertising deliver, and statistic forms have made advertiser/agent perplexeed. The objective of this research is to explore the criteria for advertiser/agent select the Ad network, and the satisfaction of the Ad network, then provides a consist principle to improve the Ad networks. The research uses media plan, the characteristi of I.A, the characteristi of Ad network four dimension to establish the questionnare, through the interview with Ad networks to modify the questionnare. Send the questionnares to advertiser/agent who ever spent I.A buget in Ad network. The research found that advertising/agent select the Ad network emphasize on the characterstic of Ad network and the personnel of advertising service. Through the factor analysis, the criteria of advertising/agent for Ad network selection can descripe as personnel service factor, the characterstic of Ad network factor, additional service factor, advertising design factor, marketing effect factor general web site attribute factor, advertising price and cost factor, the reputation of Ad network factor. In the aspect of satisfaction of the Ad network, advertising/agent had high satisfaction on providing on-line form monitor, analysis and the attitude and cordial of service personnel. Through the factor analysis, the satisfaction can divide to five index¡Xservice personnel, adstional service, marketing effect, the function of advertising monitor and analysis, and advertising effect. The research also found that the five index had poi tive correlation with the whole satisfaction, the whole satisfaction had positive corrlation with repurchase willingness and recommendation willingness.

This study is more or less of an exploratory research style. It is aimed to find out what the impact of the travel information appearing on a company web site that is run by a travel agent, upon traditional customers in a sense of interactive marketing. It is hoped that through the subject study we can much understand traditional customer expectations and perceptions in using of the internet. It would also equip the agents in a better position to fulfill the customer requirements when they map out the content of the travel company web site and implement the information communication. And finally it will lead to the best marketing strategy planning.

ABSTRACT According to the annual report of Gambro, there were about 1,153,080 ESRD ( End Stage Renal Disease ) in the world-wide market; meanwhile, there were 294,050 ESRD in US market, 244,450 in European market, 206,000 in Japanese market. From Brooke Hollis¡¦ research report ( 1998 ), it indicated about 34% of Dialysis Center belonging to Dialysis Provider in the US market, and it forecasted the percentage should be increased up to 71% until 2001. Actually, there is about 66% of Dialysis Center hold by Dialysis Provider in the US market in 2001. In the Taiwan market, there were 31,106 ESRD ( 1999 ), depending on the statistic from Taiwan Society of Nephrology. The total expense of the dialysis therapy was about 13.37 billion in 1998. It increased about 14% per year, therefore, it expanded to 15.22 billion in 1999, then up to 17.57 billion in 2000. Since the fast growth of the Dialysis market in Taiwan and its potential, some of famous global industries, such as Fresenius, Gambro, and Baxter has get involved in Taiwan market and has directly entered the competition in the management of channel. Originally, Dialysis Agent was prototypical style for the Multiple-national industry in the Dialysis Market to develop cross-aboard. But, the competition type has became to be Dialysis Provider. Enfield Medical Inc. is one of successful companies during the development. During the thesis, the writer is interested in the strategy changing and developing, and make the research to analyze and to conclude the changing and the developing strategy of dialysis Industry.

Abstract Based on the latest concepts of economics, this study is aimed at the evolution of purchase system. At the same time, it analyzes the purchase system of the government on the basis of the theories of transaction costs and principle agency. In the purchase system of the government, there exist uncertainties in bureaucracy and firm. Due to these uncertainties as well as imperfect information and boundary rational policy-deciders, in the process of purchase, the dealers and buyers entertain the mind of opportunism. With the enactment of purchase system of the government, which specifies all kinds of procedures in order to reduce the uncertainties of dealings, and to lower cost price of dealings. The procedure of the government purchase, from the beginning of budget list to the completion of contract, has to go through the close check of councilors, public officials, bureaucratic organization and manufacturing companies. This study, depending on the theory of principle agency in a new institutional economic system, tries to understand the connection between the councilors, public officials, bureaucratic organization and manufacturing companies in the government purchase. The government purchase has to serve both political and economic purposes; therefore, while making the purchase, the government has to consider two main principles---the political fair principle and economic profit principle. That¡¦s the reason why the government will get into two dilemmas while working out a system of purchase. One dilemma that the government purchase system faces is that any purchase system cannot surely serve both political and economic purposes. Because of this, some unpreventable corrupt practices in the process of the government purchase will appear. Thus, to balance the political fair principle and the economic profit principle, the government can¡¦t help but turn a blind eye to corrupt practices. The other dilemma is that, with an eye to attaining these two purposes, the government purchase system will unavoidably cause some troubles to the society, that is, the government purchase system will tempt participants to have the motivation of seeking for renters. This study will apply some newspaper reports, court decision and official document as its data and cases of analysis. The efficiency of the government purchase has a great influence on the image of the government the enactment of the law of the government purchase can largely decrease the number of participants who seek for renters. However, the duplex purposes of politics and economy will cut down the efficiency of the government purchase system.

Fault detection, isolation, and recovery are some of the most critical activities in which astronauts and flight controllers participate. Recent systems to perform the FDIR activity lack portability and extensibility, and do not provide any explanation of the system's activity. In this research, we explore the use of an agent-oriented paradigm and Java technology for better performance of FDIR activity. Also, we have explored the use of explanation in agent-oriented systems, and designed a system-activity tracking mecha-nism that helps the user to understand the agents' behavior. We have explored different ways to generalize this mechanism for arbitrary agent systems to use. Furthermore, we studied mechanisms to automatically add the tracking mechanism to an existing agent system. By using AspectJ, an aspect-oriented tool, a plug-and-playable tracking system has been built that can add the capability to track the activity of the system to any JACK agent system easily. Our experience can help further research on using aspect-oriented tools with agent-oriented paradigms together to obtain better performance.

An agent based-model of mobility of pastoralists was developed and applied to the semi-arid rangeland region extending from southern Ethiopia to northern Kenya. This model was used to investigate temporal adaptation of pastoralists to the spatial heterogeneity of their environment. This dissertation describes the development, structure, and corroboration process of the simulation model, Pastoral Livestock Movement Model (PLMMO). PLMMO is a spatially explicit, individual-based pastoralists-animal foraging and movement model. It simultaneously simulates the foraging and movement behavior of individual pastoralists and their livestock in a rangeland ecosystem. Pastoralists?? herd mobility patterns and other measures of movement were compared to data from field studies. Predictions of the model correspond to observed mobility patterns across seasons. The distances moved were found to be significantly correlated (r2 = 0.927 to 0.977, p<0.0001) to drought and non-drought climatic regimes. The PLMMO model therefore proved to be a useful tool for simulating general movement patterns of pastoralists relative to movement range sizes in the pastoral rangelands of southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya. We then used the PLMMO model to explore the impact of emerging changes in rangeland use in the study area. The ways in which pastoralists?? mobility patterns adapt to emerging challenges in the study area were explored by simulating the following four scenarios: 1) climate change with concomitant reduction in forage yield, 2) climate change with concomitant improvement and higher variability in forage yield, 3) increased livestock population densities and 4) improved access to water. The climate induced change scenario with increased and more variable forage production resulted in the shortest distances moved by pastoralists in comparison to all other scenarios. The total search distances under this scenario were only 20% of normal season distances. The improved water access scenario also returned a significant (p=0.017) drop in distances moved. There was, however, no significant impact on either increase in livestock numbers or reduction in available forage on mobility. We judged the agent-based model PLMMO developed here as a robust system for emulating pastoral mobility in the rangelands of eastern Africa and for exploring the consequences of climate change and adaptive management scenarios.

In current distribution automations design, fault flags generated by overcurrent relays are used to detect the feeder fault section. With the integration of distributed generations (DG), fault currents could be contributed from different directions and jeopardize the fault detection function. A large fault current contributed by a DG flows from downstream of a feeder could be detected by the overcurrent relay and lead to the confusion in fault detection function. In this thesis, adjunction current measurements and fault flags are utilized to minimize the possibility of mis-identification of fault section. The structure and data flow of a Java agent development framework (JADE) is adopted for feeder fault detection, identification and service restoration (FDIR). Based on information from local measurements and other agents, the FDIR function can be better conducted by local agents. Test results indicate that multi-agent systems can be used to improve system reliability and reduce service interruption time.

<p>Business profits constitute the main part of income derived through international business and these profits are only to be taxed in the home state of the enterprise. However, if the enterprise conducts business in a host state through a PE, the profits attributable to the PE are taxable in the host state. Article 7 of the OECD Model Tax determines the profits attributable to the PE.</p><p>Nevertheless, Member States have interpreted Article 7 of the OECD Model Tax Convention in various ways. In order to provide consensus the OECD adopted an authorised OECD approach for attributing profits to PEs.</p><p>The first part of the purpose of this thesis is to study the Swedish approach for attributing profits to dependent agent PEs in relation to the authorised OECD approach. An enterprise from the home state can be considered to have a dependent agent PE in the host state if it conducts business in the host state through a dependent agent located therein. This is provided that the agent has the authority to conclude contracts in the name of the enterprise and exercises this authority regularly.</p><p>Under the authorised OECD approach for profit attribution to dependent agent PEs it is possible to allocate profits to the PE in excess of the arm’s length remuneration paid to the dependent agent. Thereby, the OECD has adopted the dual taxpayer approach as the authorised OECD approach.</p><p>According to the author’s opinion the Swedish perspective regarding profit attribution to dependent agent PEs differs from the authorised OECD approach as the dual taxpayer approach so far has not been applied in Sweden. Furthermore, it differs as the attribution of capital to PEs is not allowed according to case law and as far as the recognition of internal dealings is concerned.</p><p>When the OECD adopted the dual taxpayer approach as the authorised OECD approach another method was available; the single taxpayer approach. In line with this approach no further profits in excess of the arm’s length remuneration to the dependent agent can be attributed to the dependent agent PE. However, the single taxpayer approach was rejected as the authorised OECD approach, which has lead to disagreement within the international tax community.</p><p>Therefore, the second part of the purpose of this thesis is to study to what extent the authorised OECD approach is sustained. This is done by analysing reactions to the single and dual taxpayer approach among business and academic circles.</p><p>The author believes that reactions against the dual taxpayer approach mainly arise in situations when an enterprise in the host state gives rise to a dependent agent PE. Therefore, the authorised OECD approach should have recognised that different types of dependent agent PEs might arise and the approach is only sustained to the extent that a person belonging to the foreign enterprise leads to the existence of a dependent agent PE.</p>

<p>Introduktion</p><p>Det har pågått en diskussion om konsultverksamhet är ett yrke eller en hel industri. Många tänkare har kommit fram till att det är både och. Konsultfirmorna erbjuder idag också många olika typer av service, den här uppsatsen har sitt fokus på förändringsledningsområdet samt att beskriva managementkonsultens roll som förändringsagent. Trots att det ofta är svårt att se vilka effekter förändringar har på organisationer så är det viktigt att förändra. Förändringsledning är dock mycket svårt och därför misslyckas många förändringsprojekt.</p><p>Syfte</p><p>Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva managementkonsultens roll som förändringsagent samt att identifiera problem i och omkring förändringsprocessen. Vidare hoppas man kunna hitta exempel på problem och framgångsfaktorer för att förbättra förändringsledning.</p><p>Metod</p><p>Den här studien är gjord utifrån ett deduktivt synsätt. De empiriska data har sedan insamlats genom användandet av kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. Det främsta skälet till valet av en kvalitativ undersökning var att få en djupare kunskap inom undersökningsområdet samt att det ansågs vara bästa sättet för att uppnå syftet. Författarna undersökte tre olika projekt genom att intervjua en konsult och en klient inom vart och ett av projekten. På grund av uppsatsens fokus på förändringsagenter så säkerställdes att alla tre konsulterna hade denna roll när de ansvarade för ledning av förändring.</p><p>Resultat</p><p>Många faktorer påverkar implementeringen av förändringar i organisationer. I konsultens roll som förändringsagent är det viktigt att inte bli en implementerare, i slutändan är det klientens organisation som ska förändras. För att uppnå framgångsrik förändring har författarna kommit fram till några slutsatser som är vitigare än andra, bland dessa finner man, skapandet av involvering och gemensamt engagemang för förändring, hitta det verkliga problemet samt att man inte glömmer vikten av att involvera chefer och ledare.</p>