Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Over the course of the 20th century, the type of farm labour desired by the North American agricultural industry and the strategies used to procure that labour have undergone significant changes. Rather than relying on immigrant or domestic workers, many growers are now choosing to import temporary foreign workers under contract programs such as the Canadian Mexican Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (MSAWP). This thesis discusses the implementation of the MSAWP in British Columbia's Okanagan Valley, a region that has for many years depended upon the labour of migrant Quebecois workers to harvest its crops but has for several years experienced severe agricultural labour shortages. Based on fieldwork which explored the experiences of Mexican and Quebecois migrant farmworkers in the Okanagan. it is suggested that the valley's labour shortage has largely been created by the agricultural industry and government, neither of which have improved the conditions of farmwork to the point where agricultural labour would appeal to Canadian workers, and that the MSAWP's implementation has a number of implications, both positive and negative, for agricultural labourers and farmers in the valley.

Thesis (MComm (Psych))--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Skills development is a crucial element in improving the effectiveness with which organisations operate in the current global arena. The level of skills of employees in any organisation should be of significant managerial concern. The principal aims of this study is firstly to investigate the success achieved in skills development initiatives in the agricultural sector in South Africa and secondly to develop a theoretical framework of important individual and organisational variables for skills development in agriculture. Management on farms need to develop the skills of their employees in order to ensure effective adaptation to changes in the sector. A strong need for development also exists among South Africans working in the agricultural environment, as the sector is rapidly modernising and the people employed in this sector often possess low skill and literacy levels. The key question is whether the skills development strategies and initiatives of farms are conducive to successful human resource development, in light of the specific individual and organisational context. A multiple case study research design was used, exploring the various ways in which six different farms approach skills development and the variables which impacted on the success thereof. These approaches and effects are compared to the literature and across cases to move towards the development of a skills development framework applicable to the unique agricultural context in South Africa. Data collection included primary (semi-structured interviews with employees and management) and secondary (background and administrative) information to comprehensively describe each case. Pattern matching was used to determine common trends between the cases and illustrate them in terms of a conceptual framework. General support was found across the six cases for the complex and extensive framework of variables. The following individual variables were found to have an impact on the effectiveness of skills development: ability to learn, motivation to engage in and transfer training, attitude to skills development, locus of control, and perceived ability to learn. Organisational variables which affected the effectiveness of skills development included the following: labour relations, organisational strategy, culture, climate, and systems. Many of these variables comprised a number of sub-variables, which were also shown to be relevant in the framework. Variables in the individual and organisational frameworks were also found to demonstrate interactive effects within and across framework boundaries. The results of the study serve as thought provoking reading for managers, which could stimulate critical thought and an inquisitive attitude to skills development on their farms. In general, training and development was approached in a very informal manner in terms of strategy, goals, and practice. Managers can surely benefit from adopting greater formalisation in these aspects as it would ease the process of planning, implementing, and evaluating training. In certain instances additional variables or interrelationships were identified for future study. The establishment of the framework of variables serves to inform future research: it represents a point of departure for research in a critical field where little recent research has been published. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ontwikkeling van vaardighede is 'n kernbelangrike aspek om die doeltreffendheid waarmee organisasies in die huidige internasionale speelveld optree te verbeter. Die vaardigheidsvlakke van werknemers in enige organisasie behoort van kernbelang te wees vir bestuurders van sulke organisasies. Die hoofdoel van hierdie studie is dus eerstens om die mate van sukses met vaardigheidsontwikkelingsinisiatiewe in die landbousektor te ondersoek en tweedens om 'n teoretiese raamwerk van die belangrikste individuele en organisatoriese veranderlikes vir vaardigheidsontwikkeling in landbou te ontwikkel. Die vaardigheidsvlakke van werknemers in die landbousektor moet deur die werkgewer ontwikkel word om te verseker dat effektiewe veranderinge in hierdie sektor plaasvind. Daar is 'n besonder sterk behoefte aan vaardigheidsontwikkeling onder werknemers in die landbousektor van Suid-Afrika , aangesien die sektor 'n snelle moderniseringsproses ondergaan, maar die werknemers in baie gevalle oor besonder lae vaardigheids- en ontwikkelingsvlakke beskik. Die vraag bestaan of die strategieë en inisiatiewe wat deur die werkgewer geïmplementeer word wel aanleiding gee tot suksesvolle menslike hulpbronontwikkeling, gegewe die spesifieke individuele en organisatoriese konteks. Deur gebruik te maak van veelvoudige gevallestudies as navorsingsmetode, is daar gekyk na ses verskillende plase se benadering tot opleiding, asook die impak en sukses van hierdie opleiding. Hierdie benaderings en invloede word vergelyk met die literatuur en tussen gevallestudies met die oog op die ontwikkeling van 'n vaardigheidsontwikkelingsraamwerk spesifiek binne die unieke konteks van die Suid-Afrikaanse landbousektor. Data-insameling behels primêre inligting (semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude met werknemers en bestuur), en sekondêre inligting (agtergrond- en administratiewe) om elke geval omvattend te beskryf. Patroonpassing is gebruik om algemene tendense tussen die gevallestudies te identifiseer en vervolgens die gevallestudies met die konseptuele raamwerk te vergelyk. Die ses gevallestudies het die komplekse en omvattende raamwerk van veranderlikes in die geheel ondersteun. Resultate toon aan dat die volgende individuele veranderlikes 'n klaarblyklike impak gehad het op die doeltreffendheid van opleiding en ontwikkeling: die vermoë en motivering om te leer en vaardighede oor te dra; die houding teenoor opleiding ontwikkeling; die lokus van beheer; en die waargenome vermoë om te leer. Die doeltreffendheid van opleiding en ontwikkeling is ook deur die volgende organisatoriese veranderlikes beïnvloed: arbeidsverhoudinge, organisatoriese strategie, kultuur, omgewing en stelsels. Die sub-veranderlikes van die individuele en organisatoriese veranderlikes is ook as relevant binne die raamwerk aangedui. Verder is die voorgestelde verwantskappe tussen veranderlikes (binne sowel as oor die grense van die individuele en organisatoriese raamwerke) ook ondersteun. Die resultate van hierdie studie dien as insette vir bestuurders om kritiese denke en 'n ondersoekende ingesteldheid teenoor opleiding en ontwikkeling op hul plase te stimuleer. Opleiding en ontwikkeling is oor die algemeen op 'n baie informele wyse geïmplementeer ten opsigte van strategie, doelwitbepaling en uitvoering in die praktyk. Bestuurders kan baat vind by die formalisering van bestaande praktyke omdat dit die proses van beplanning, implementering en evaluering van opleiding en ontwikkeling kan vergemaklik. Addisionele veranderlikes en interverwantskappe is geïdentifiseer vir verdere navorsing. Die samestelling van die raamwerk van veranderlikes dien juis as uitgangspunt vir toekomstige navorsing in 'n kerngebied wat min aandag in navorsing geniet.

The focus of the study is the wages and working conditions of farm labourers in commercial agriculture. After an outline examination of the broad trends in employment and wages in the agricultural industry as a whole, the emphasis falls on a micro-study of employment practices in the Eastern Cape magisterial district of Albany. The results of a survey of farmers was used to determine the level of wages, including payments in kind, the value of housing, cropping and grazing rights. It was found that cash wages made up only 25% of the total remuneration of R684 per annum, while purchased and farm produced rations made up a further 40% of the total. A survey conducted in the Albany district two decades previously was used to compare the real earnings in 1957 and 1977. Although real cash wages and rations increased over the twenty year period the restriction of cropping and grazing rights had the effect of keeping real earnings static. In the light of the improvement of other working conditions, such as the reduction in working hours, however, it is concluded that some increase in real wages did occur . It is evident that there are no clear-cut recipes for successful farm labour management and no unequivocal statements should be made about the most visible element, namely cash wages.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:09:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014Bitstream added on 2014-11-10T11:58:05Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000793709.pdf: 683187 bytes, checksum: fe18acbca6f1f3135312ea7793dccb6a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A pesquisa, documental e bibliográfica, apresenta os principais princípios teórico-práticos educacionais do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), dos socialistas utópicos owenistas e dos cartistas britânicos, verificando a forma de operacionalização e realizando um cotejamento desses princípios educativos nas experiências educacionais levadas a cabo por esses Movimentos. Os princípios são: a) elaboração e implementação de um projeto próprio de educação conforme as necessidades e ideologias dos respectivos Movimentos; b) a negação dialética do ensino oficial; c) implementação da gestão democrática nas associações e escolas dos Movimentos; d) ações visando formar os próprios educadores em consonância com a concepção de mundo e de educação dos respectivos Movimentos; e) articulação entre ensino e trabalho produtivo; f) constituição e veiculação de uma concepção de mundo concernente a cada Movimento e à classe trabalhadora. Os resultados apontam que, com as devidas ressalvas e especificidades decorrentes das diferenças entre as ideologias, as visões de mundo, bem como entre os momentos históricos de atuação de cada Movimento, esses princípios são transcendentes e comuns aos Movimentos mencionados. / The documentary and bibliographical research, presents the main theoretical and practical educational principles of the Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), Utopian Socialist Owenists and the British Chartists, checking the form of operation and conducting to a confrontation of these educational principles in educational experiments carried out by these Movements. The principles are: a) design and implementation of a project of education according to the needs and ideologies of their Movements; b) the dialectical negation of the official education; c) implementation of democratic management in associations and schools of the Movements; d) actions aiming to the educators themselves in line with the conception of world education of their own Movements ; e) articulation between education and productive work; f) constitution and spread of a conception of the world regarding each Movement and the working class. The results show that, with appropriate caveats and specificities arising from differences between the ideologies, the worldviews, and between the historic moments of actuation of each Movement, these principles are common and transcendent to the Movements mentioned.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:06:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bana_l_me_prud.pdf: 1686772 bytes, checksum: e6d636eec62f70cfb1261196256db4a0 (MD5) / O programa Vilas Rurais destinado ao assentamento de trabalhadores rurais volantes chamados bóias-frias, e que são “trabalhadores não regularmente empregados”. É um projeto do Governo do Estado do Paraná, em parceria com as Prefeituras Municipais, que busca criar mecanismos para manter o homem no campo e oferecer alternativas para que o seu trabalho e o seu sustento venham da própria terra. Este programa propõe amenizar as desigualdades sociais provocadas pela migração campo-cidade, intermediando as desigualdades socioeconômicas e a realocação de mão-de-obra, num movimento inverso, da cidade para o campo. As Vilas Rurais são implantadas, preferencialmente, em regiões de grande concentração de mão-de-obra temporária, mas especialmente em região campestre produtoras de algodão, mandioca, laranja e pecuária. São centros de trabalho, com infra-estrutura de habitação, energia elétrica, água e são sempre localizados próximos aos centros urbanos, de forma a assegurar o acesso ao mercado de trabalho agrícola e não agrícola aos trabalhadores rurais volantes.Os investimentos nesse projeto destinam-se a criar para os trabalhadores rurais volantes e suas famílias, um sentido da vida com maior qualidade, dignidade e cidadania. / The Vilas Rurais Programme was apllied to the settlement of footmen landless and agricultural laborers — called “country workers that are not regularly employed”. It’s a Government programme in the State of Paraná, in a partnership with the Cities Hall in this State, and it is an attempting to create devices to maintain the men in the country and also to offer them some alternatives in order to their work and their sustenance do come from the country. This Programme intends itself to soften the social dissimilarities promoted by the migration “country-city”; intermediate the social and economic differences, and also to reallocate the labor — in an inverse movement — from cities to country. The Vilas Rurais Programme in established — preferentially — in regions where there is a great concentration of temporary labor but, principally, in some country-sides that produce “cotton, orange, manioc, and cattle raising”. These villas are work-centers with complete infrastructure like: habitatios, electrical energy, water and they are always located next to urban centers in order to guarantee the admittance to the agricultural and no agricultural labour market for the landless and agricultural footmen laborers. The investments in the programme are addressed to create a sense of living with better quality, dignity and citizenship in this kind of laborers and their families.

Orientador: Marcos Alegre / Banca: Cícero Antônio Oliveira Tredezini / Banca: Dalton Aureo Moro / Resumo: O programa Vilas Rurais destinado ao assentamento de trabalhadores rurais volantes chamados bóias-frias, e que são "trabalhadores não regularmente empregados". É um projeto do Governo do Estado do Paraná, em parceria com as Prefeituras Municipais, que busca criar mecanismos para manter o homem no campo e oferecer alternativas para que o seu trabalho e o seu sustento venham da própria terra. Este programa propõe amenizar as desigualdades sociais provocadas pela migração campo-cidade, intermediando as desigualdades socioeconômicas e a realocação de mão-de-obra, num movimento inverso, da cidade para o campo. As Vilas Rurais são implantadas, preferencialmente, em regiões de grande concentração de mão-de-obra temporária, mas especialmente em região campestre produtoras de algodão, mandioca, laranja e pecuária. São centros de trabalho, com infra-estrutura de habitação, energia elétrica, água e são sempre localizados próximos aos centros urbanos, de forma a assegurar o acesso ao mercado de trabalho agrícola e não agrícola aos trabalhadores rurais volantes.Os investimentos nesse projeto destinam-se a criar para os trabalhadores rurais volantes e suas famílias, um sentido da vida com maior qualidade, dignidade e cidadania. / Abstract: The Vilas Rurais Programme was apllied to the settlement of footmen landless and agricultural laborers - called "country workers that are not regularly employed". It's a Government programme in the State of Paraná, in a partnership with the Cities Hall in this State, and it is an attempting to create devices to maintain the men in the country and also to offer them some alternatives in order to their work and their sustenance do come from the country. This Programme intends itself to soften the social dissimilarities promoted by the migration "country-city"; intermediate the social and economic differences, and also to reallocate the labor - in an inverse movement - from cities to country. The Vilas Rurais Programme in established - preferentially - in regions where there is a great concentration of temporary labor but, principally, in some country-sides that produce "cotton, orange, manioc, and cattle raising". These villas are work-centers with complete infrastructure like: habitatios, electrical energy, water and they are always located next to urban centers in order to guarantee the admittance to the agricultural and no agricultural labour market for the landless and agricultural footmen laborers. The investments in the programme are addressed to create a sense of living with better quality, dignity and citizenship in this kind of laborers and their families. / Mestre

Orientadores: Oscar Antonio Braunbeck, Julieta Teresa Aier de Oliveira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T19:39:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cardoso_TerezinhadeFatima_M.pdf: 2585445 bytes, checksum: 0025f2559d952a41ba95e3aeaca32ca5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: No Brasil, o setor sucroalcooleiro viveu um momento de grandes investimentos, impulsionado principalmente pelo aumento da frota de automóveis do tipo "flex fuel", e pela expectativa de aumento das exportações, considerando a meta de adição de etanol à gasolina no mundo todo. Governo e organizações privadas estão se conscientizando da necessidade de ações para aumentar a produção e a produtividade. Dentre tais medidas, estão a ampliação das áreas de plantio, a otimização do processo de plantio e colheita da cana-de-açúcar, bem como a otimização da produção de etanol. No entanto, as referidas medidas para elevar a produtividade implicam questões ambientais, econômicas, sociais e tecnológicas, ganhando expressão com o processo de mecanização. Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a qualificação de mão-de-obra no processo de implantação da mecanização do setor agrícola sucroalcooleiro. Para tanto, foram considerados quatro cenários de mecanização: Cenário I - Tradicional, Cenário II - Mecanizado, Cenário III - Informatizado e Cenário IV - Auxílio Mecânico, e o grau de qualificação da mão-de-obra requerida em cada um deles. Foram visitadas três usinas sucroalcooleiras, duas que representam o cenário I e uma unidade que representa o cenário II, de acordo com o índice de mecanização empregado, e realizada uma projeção para os cenários III e IV, visando identificar as carências de qualificação da mão-de-obra no setor. Verificou-se que a mecanização assim como as tecnologias associadas, como a agricultura de precisão, exige funcionários com escolaridade e capacitação acima da encontrada no quadro de funcionários das usinas pesquisadas, principalmente no que se refere ao plantio e corte manual, situação que aponta para a necessidade de um programa mais abrangente de qualificação e treinamento para o setor / Abstract: The Brazilian sugar and alcohol sector is going through a process of large investments driven mostly by the growing fleet of flex fuel automobiles, and also by expectations about increasing exports of ethanol for worldwide blending with gasoline. Government and private organizations are becoming aware of the need for actions required to increase production and productivity. Among these actions are the increase of farming areas, optimization of the planting and harvesting processes as well as the ethanol production process. Along with those changes several questions arise related to environmental, economical, social and technological matters, in which agricultural mechanization is included. The objective of this work is to analyze the need for labor qualification in the processes of rapid mechanization that is taking place. For the study three mechanization sceneries were considered: scenery I- Traditional, scenery II- mechanized, scenery III- computerized and scenery IV- mechanically aided. Labor qualification required was analyzed in all three cases. Three sugar mills were visited, two of them can be included in scenery I and the third one in scenery II; scenery III and scenery IV are just a future view according to the present trends. In all cases labor qualification shortages were identified. It was found that increasing mechanization labels are associated with higher level of labor qualification at the mills. Mechanizations of the planting and harvesting operations together with the still incipient applications of precision farming require higher qualified labor than manual planting and harvesting operations / Mestrado / Maquinas Agricolas / Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola

M.Tech. (Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Technology) / Small scale farmers often lack the financial resources to purchase the necessary agricultural machinery to make their work easier and more efficient. Consequently they have to employ labourers to do the work manually, work that could otherwise be done by a machine faster and at a lower production cost. The majority of the existing agricultural machinery on the market is designed for large industrial scale farming and is unaffordable to the small scale farmer. After a small scale farming survey, it was found that there is an acute need for cheap agricultural machinery suitable to be used on a small farm, needing a maximum of 1-2 laborers to run the machine. A typical example in this regards is the production of hay bales. Hay is baled to make storage, transportation and selling easy. The most economically efficient hay bales are the large round bales with a mass of about 500 kg as they are durable with a low cost per unit mass of hay. However to produce round large bales expensive equipment and labour is needed. The objective of the present project was to design and manufacture a cheap easy to maneuver and efficient bale loader, affordable to the small farmers, who produce small rectangular bales, with limited material and labour resources. The main features of the new bale loader design are based on existing bale loaders, with the necessary changes and improvements to be fit for the purpose.

The purpose of this thesis is to study the conditions that promoted mobilization against established authority. The analysis of rural mobilization distinguishes from among longitudinal and immediate conditions, the mobilization process itself and the role of the state. The concept of articulation of modes of production examines the processes of rural transformation by following the changing nature of land ownership and patron-client relations. The evolving patterns of class opposition and alliance reflected directly the state of articulation of capitalist and pre-capitalist modes of production and the process of class formation in the southern Peruvian highlands over the course of the late eighteenth to the mid-twentieth centuries.