Doctor of Philosophy(PhD), / Until recently, Northwestern Australia was thought to be relatively free of serious fruit fly pests. Although a noxious strain, present in Darwin since 1985, was widely believed to be an infestation of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, from the East coast, the fruit flies present outside this area were believed to be the benign endemic species, B. aquilonis. However, during the year 2000, infestations of fruit flies were discovered on major commercial crops in both Western Australia and the Northern Territory. It was not known whether these outbreaks were due to an invasion of the major pest species, Bactrocera tryoni, a change in the behaviour of B. aquilonis, or a hybridisation event between the two species. Finding the source of these outbreaks has been complicated by the fact that, since B. tryoni and B. aquilonis are virtually indistinguishable morphologically, it was not known which species are present in the region. Traditionally any tryoni complex fly caught in the Northwest was called B. aquilonis based solely on location. In order to get a good population profile of the region, an extensive trapping program was set up to include flies from urban areas, commercial crops and natural areas where the benign strain is thought to remain. Tests of genetic differentiation and clustering analyses revealed a high degree of homogeneity in the Northwest samples, suggesting that just one species is present in the region. The Northwest samples were genetically differentiated from the Queensland samples but only to a small degree (FST =0.0153). MtDNA sequencing results also showed a small degree of differentiation between these regions. A morphological study of wing shape indicated that there are some minor identifiable morphological differences between East coast and Northwest laboratory reared flies. This difference was greater than that seen between B. jarvisi populations across the same geographic range. The results suggest that the flies caught in the Northwest are a separate population of B. tryoni. Soon after pest flies were discovered in Darwin, a population became established in Alice Springs. This population had a low genetic diversity compared with Queensland and Darwin populations, and showed evidence of being heavily founded. In 2000, an outbreak was discovered in the nearby town of Ti Tree. Due to the geographic and genetic similarity of these populations, Alice Springs was determined to be the source of the Ti Tree outbreak. To investigate the founding of these populations, a program was developed to estimate the propagule size. Using a simulation method seven different statistics were tested for estimating the propagule size of an outbreak population. For outbreaks originating from populations with high genetic diversity, the number of alleles was a good estimator of propagule size. When, however, the genetic diversity of the source population was already reduced, allele frequency measures, particularly the likelihood of obtaining the outbreak population from the source population, gave more accurate estimates. Applying this information to the Alice Springs samples, it was estimated that just five flies were needed to found the major population in and around Alice Springs. For Ti Tree, the propagule size was estimated to be 27 flies (minimum 10). In 2000, a much larger outbreak occurred in the developing horticultural region of Kununurra in northern Western Australia. An important question for the management of the problem is whether there is an established fly population or the flies are reinvading each year. This population was found to have a large amount of gene flow from the Northern Territory. Within the Kununurra samples, one group of flies was genetically differentiated from all the other samples. This group came from a small geographic area on the periphery of Kununurra and appeared to be the result of an invasion into this area at the time when the population was building up following the dry season. A further threat to the Northwest horticultural regions comes from B. jarvisi. A recent increase in the host range of this species has lead to speculation that it may become a greater pest in Northwestern Australia. At the present time, protocols for the population monitoring and disinfestation of this species are not in place. Here it is shown that B. jarvisi eggs are more heat tolerant than B. tryoni eggs and that monitoring of B. jarvisi populations is possible using cue lure traps placed according to fruiting time and location of their favoured host, Planchonia careya.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture and Wine, Discipline of Plant and Pest Science, 2004? / "August 2003." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 294-333).

Thesis (M.Sc.) - Carleton University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-76). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 203-225).

Thesis (M.S.)--Bowling Green State University, 2009. / Document formatted into pages; contains x, 46 p. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-07T15:59:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 9.pdf: 25260396 bytes, checksum: d4768cdeb8dd1421225b8308dbd72d58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / O objetivo da tese um entomólogo chamado Costa Lima: a construção de um saber e a consolidação de um patrimônio científico é o estudo do desenvolvimento e consolidação da entomologia agrícola no Brasil da primeira metade do século XX. Mais especificamente, estudamos a relação deste cientista com a entomologia agrícola e as ações que dela resultaram: de um lado, a criação de diversas instituições federais para a questão agrícola e o estabelecimento de metodologias de combate às pragas das principais lavouras econômicas do país e, de outro lado, a formação de uma coleção, constituída principalmente por insetos de importância agrícola, considerada patrimônio científico, e a publicação de um monumental tratado sobre a fauna entomológica brasileira denominado Insetos do Brasil. A análise de sua trajetória, através dos artigos científicos, da vasta correspondência gerada entre seus pares, relatórios, livros e vida funcional nos diferentes institutos em que trabalhou, revelaram-nos a estreita relação entre a sua prática científica, o desenvolvimento da entomologia agrícola e o esforço do governo brasileiro em modernizar a agricultura nacional. Neste processo de modernização, a diversificação da lavoura é um dos principais discursos do Ministério da Agricultura. É neste quadro conjuntural, de expansão da lavoura, da necessidade de se pesquisarem as diferentes pragas entomológicas e, consequentemente, de uma agenda científica mais abrangente, que Costa Lima constrói sua carreira.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-17T19:34:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-27. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-18T12:49:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000829269.pdf: 824206 bytes, checksum: b23ba10d40ae243604b3d167478622d5 (MD5) / Quesada gigas (Olivier, 1790) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) é uma espécie de cigarra com ampla distribuição geográfica no continente americano, cujas ninfas se alimentam de fluidos do xilema. Além dos hospedeiros nativos, Q. gigas também pode ser encontrada em cafeeiros, sendo as fases imaturas consideradas praga na região cafeeira do Sul do Estado de Minas Gerais e Nordeste do Estado de São Paulo. A emergência da maior quantidade de adultos de Q. gigas está concentrada no período entre setembro e novembro, período em que também acontecem o acasalamento e a postura. A postura de Q. gigas é do tipo endofítica e é realizada no interior de ramos secos, preferencialmente na parte superior das plantas de café. Entretanto, muitos aspectos biológicos de Q. gigas ainda não estão determinados, dentre eles processos ligados à reprodução e aqueles envolvidos na interação das ninfas (fase causadora de danos) com seus hospedeiros. Sendo assim oobjetivo da pesquisa foi determinar aspectos morfológicos dos aparelhosreprodutores de Q. gigas, observando a maturação de ovários, bem como avaliar o desenvolvimento de ninfas dessa espécie em relação a diferentes plantas hospedeiras. Os estudos foram conduzidos na área da Estação Experimental da Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG) (20º57‟54.32‟‟S; 47º04‟16.07‟‟O) e em laboratórios da UNESP/FCAV. Através de análise estereomicroscópica e de microscopia eletrônica de varredura pôde-se observar as estruturas presentes nos aparelhos reprodutores de Q. gigas. Pôde-se verificar a partir do início da emergência de adultos 30/09/2013, a diferença entre ovários imaturos e maduros nas fêmeas em relação ao primeiro e segundo período de coleta 14/10/2013 e 29/10/2013, respectivamente. O número de oócitos encontrados por fêmea na segunda coleta 29/10/2013 variou de 112 a 1.017 com média de 428,2±45,7 ovos/fêmea. O ovipositor da fêmea é ... / Quesada gigas (Olivier, 1790) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) is a species of cicada widely distributed in the America continent, which the nymphs feed on xylem fluid. In addition to the native host, Q. gigas can also be found in coffee plants, being the immature stages considered pest in the coffee producer region of southern Minas Gerais state and Northeast of São Paulo state. The emergence of the large amount of Q. gigas adults is concentrated in the period between September and November, during which also happen mating and laying. The posture of Q. gigas eggs is endophytic type and is implemented inside dry branches, preferably at the the upper canopy of coffee plants. Despite, many biological aspects of Q. gigas are not yet determined, including processes related to reproduction, and those involved the interaction of the nymphs (stage causing damage), with their hosts. The main goal of the research was to determine morphology of the reproductive apparatus of Q. gigas, watching the maturation of ovaries, as well as assess nymphs development in relation to different host plants. The studies were conducted in the field of Experimental Station of Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais (EPAMIG) (20º57‟54.32‟‟S; 47º04‟16.07‟‟W) and in UNESP/FCAV laboratories. Through stereomicroscopic analysis and scanning electron microscopy we can observe the structures present in the Q. gigas female reproductive apparatus. It can be seen from the beginning of emergency 30/09/2013 adults, difference between immature and mature ovaries in females compared to the first and second collect period 10/14/2013 and 29/10/2013 respectively. The number of eggs per female found in the second collect 29/10/2013 varied 112-1017 averaging 428.2 ± 45.7 eggs/female. The female's ovipositor is characterized by apical teeth, pre-apical and dorsal. Eggs have elongated and cylindrical structure. The exochorion consists of tubers united by furrows and ...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-07T17:12:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-12-03. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-06-07T17:17:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000865062.pdf: 678078 bytes, checksum: 5bde8907be239234d6b2680f52f26e92 (MD5) / Nematoides entomopatogênicos (NEPs) são promissores para o controle biológico de pragas. Os fatores abióticos, temperatura e os tipos de solos e substratos, influenciam a sobrevivência de juvenis infectantes em condições de armazenamento e a campo. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: isolar e identificar espécies de NEPs coletadas em áreas de culturas florestais, anuais e frutíferas no Brasil; avaliar o período de mortalidade de lagartas de Galleria mellonella após a infecção de Heterorhabditis amazonensis IBCB 24, o período da emergência e JIs (juvenis infectantes) multiplicados durante o período de 30 dias em cinco temperaturas; avaliar a influência da temperatura na sobrevivência JIs de Steinernema carpocapsae IBCB 02 Heterorhabditis amazonensis IBCB 24 e Steinernema feltiae IBCB 47 em condições de armazenamento; avaliar a influência da luminosidade e do substrato na capacidade de infecção de juvenis dos isolados IBCB 06 Steinernema brazilense, IBCB 02 Steinernema carpocapsae, IBCB 47 Steinernema feltiae e IBCB 24 Heterorhabditis amazonensis em lagartas de G. mellonella e avaliar o uso de diferentes substratos para prolongar a sobrevivência de JIs de S. brazilense IBCB 06 e H. amazonensis IBCB 24 em condições de armazenamento. O presente estudo foi dividido em cinco capítulos. Após a coleta de dados, as espécies foram identificadas como H. amazonensis, S. rarum, M. rainai e O. tipulae. As temperaturas de 26°C e 30°C proporcionaram o menor período de tempo (três dias) para a mortalidade de lagartas de G. mellonella causadas por H. amazonensis. O menor período de tempo para a 2 emergência de JIs foi na temperatura 30°C, (9,4 dias). O número médio de JIs produzidos a 26°C (229.563) foi superior a todas as temperaturas estudadas, mas sem diferença estatística quando comparado aos JIs produzidos na temperatura de 30°C (127.157). A temperatura de 22°C (223.88 ... / Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) show promising for biological control of pests. The abiotic factors, temperature, soil types and substrates, may influence the survival of infective juveniles storage and field conditions. The objectives of this study were to isolate and identify species of EPNs collected in areas of forestry, annual and fruit crops in Brazil; assess the period of mortality of larvae Galleria mellonella after infection of Heterorhabditis amazonensis IBCB 24, the emergency period and IJs (infective juveniles) multiplied during the 30-day period in five temperatures; evaluate the influence of temperature on survival IJs of Steinernema carpocapsae IBCB 02 Heterorhabditis amazonensis IBCB 24 and Steinernema feltiae IBCB 47 storage conditions; evaluate the influence of light and substrate on juvenile infection capacity of isolates IBCB 06 Steinernema brazilense, IBCB 02 Steinernema carpocapsae, IBCB 47 Steinernema feltiae and IBCB 24 Heterorhabditis amazonensis in larvae G. mellonella and evaluate the use of different substrates to prolong the survival of IJs of S. brazilense IBCB 06 and H. amazonensis IBCB 24 storage conditions. This study was divided into five chapters. After collecting data, the species were identified as H. amazonensis, S. rarum, M. rainai and O. tipulae. The at temperatures of 26°C and 30°C gave the shortest time period (three days) for the crawler mortality caused by H. amazonensis in G. mellonella. The shortest duration for emergency IJs was found at 30°C temperature (9.4 days). The average number of IJs produced at 26°C (229.563) was higher at all temperatures studied, but no statistical difference when compared to 30°C IJs produced in the temperature (127.157). The temperature of 22°C (223.886) did not differ statistically from the lower temperature ...

Orientador: Edson Luiz Lopes Baldin / Coorientador: Silvana Vieira de Paula-Moraes / Coorientador: Thomas Elliott Hunt / Banca: José Djair Vendramim / Banca: Celso Omoto / Banca: Carlos Frederico Wilcken / Banca: Daniel Ricardo Sosa-Gomez / Resumo: Entre as principais pragas da cultura do milho, destacam-se quatro espécies de lepidópteros da família Noctuidae: a lagarta-do-cartucho Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), a lagarta-da-espiga Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), e Striacosta albicosta (Smith). Essas espécies podem interagir e competir por alimento, uma vez que apresentam a mesma guilda alimentar, a espiga do milho. Canibalismo/predação também são comportamentos também apresentados durante o estágio larval para a maioria dessas espécies, o que intensifica a competição intraguilda. Somado a isso, o tipo de agroecossistema, que oferece uma grande variação de plantas hospedeiras para as espécies-praga, a recente identificação de H. armigera no continente americano, e também a disperssão de S. albicosta nos EUA, tem trazido vários questionamentos sobre o impacto das interações larvais no manejo integrado de pragas (MIP) e no manejo de resistência dos insetos (MRI). Além disso, o complexo manejo dessas espécies, juntamente com a adoção de híbridos de milho transgênicos (Bt), as doses subletais de Bt, e as estratégias de manejo da resistência, envolvendo as estratégias de refúgio, eleva a importância do comportamento de noctuídeos. Compreender o comportamento e interações larvais, primeiramente em milho não-Bt, é essencial para entender a prevalência de espécies nas culturas agrícolas, e para a obtenção de sucesso no MIP e MRI. Sendo assim, esse estudo avaliou as interações intraguilda de lagarta... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Among the insect pests from maize crop, stand out the lepidopteran species belonging to Noctuidae family, covering the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), the Old World bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), and the western bean cutworm Striacosta albicosta (Smith). These species might interact and compete by food, once they share the same feeding guild, the maize ear. The cannibalism/predation behavior is also present during the larval stage for most of these species, with exception of S. albicosta, which enhance the intraguild competition of them. In addition to this changing agroecosystem, which offer a range of host plant to these species, the recent identification of H. armigera in American continent, and also the dispersion of S. albicosta in the USA, have been raised several concerns involving the impact of larval interactions in the integrated pest management (IPM) and insect resistance management (IRM). Also, the complex management of these species, along with the adoption of transgenic (Bt) maize hybrids, the sub doses of Bt, and the resistance management strategies, involving refuge strategy, take the importance of noctuids behavior to other level. Understanding the larval behavior and interaction, firstly on non-Bt maize, is essential to find the possible prevalence of species in agricultural crops, and to obtain successes in IPM and IRM. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the intraguild interaction among larvae of different species and their movements, throught behavioral studies on non-Bt maize. Initially, the intraguild interaction of S. frugiperda, H. zea and S. albicosta was investigated under laboratory and field conditions in the USA, using several interaction scenarios with arenas and maize tissue. In another study in laboratory, it was assessed the attack and defense movements between S. frugiperda and H. zea in different ... / Doutor

Orientador: Nilza Maria Martinelli / Coorientador: Guilherme Duarte Rossi / Banca: Douglas Henrique Bottura Maccagnan / Banca: Arlindo Leal Boiça Junior / Resumo: Quesada gigas (Olivier, 1790) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) é uma espécie de cigarra com ampla distribuição geográfica no continente americano, cujas ninfas se alimentam de fluidos do xilema. Além dos hospedeiros nativos, Q. gigas também pode ser encontrada em cafeeiros, sendo as fases imaturas consideradas praga na região cafeeira do Sul do Estado de Minas Gerais e Nordeste do Estado de São Paulo. A emergência da maior quantidade de adultos de Q. gigas está concentrada no período entre setembro e novembro, período em que também acontecem o acasalamento e a postura. A postura de Q. gigas é do tipo endofítica e é realizada no interior de ramos secos, preferencialmente na parte superior das plantas de café. Entretanto, muitos aspectos biológicos de Q. gigas ainda não estão determinados, dentre eles processos ligados à reprodução e aqueles envolvidos na interação das ninfas (fase causadora de danos) com seus hospedeiros. Sendo assim oobjetivo da pesquisa foi determinar aspectos morfológicos dos aparelhosreprodutores de Q. gigas, observando a maturação de ovários, bem como avaliar o desenvolvimento de ninfas dessa espécie em relação a diferentes plantas hospedeiras. Os estudos foram conduzidos na área da Estação Experimental da Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG) (20º57‟54.32‟‟S; 47º04‟16.07‟‟O) e em laboratórios da UNESP/FCAV. Através de análise estereomicroscópica e de microscopia eletrônica de varredura pôde-se observar as estruturas presentes nos aparelhos reprodutores de Q. gigas. Pôde-se verificar a partir do início da emergência de adultos 30/09/2013, a diferença entre ovários imaturos e maduros nas fêmeas em relação ao primeiro e segundo período de coleta 14/10/2013 e 29/10/2013, respectivamente. O número de oócitos encontrados por fêmea na segunda coleta 29/10/2013 variou de 112 a 1.017 com média de 428,2±45,7 ovos/fêmea. O ovipositor da fêmea é ... / Abstract: Quesada gigas (Olivier, 1790) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) is a species of cicada widely distributed in the America continent, which the nymphs feed on xylem fluid. In addition to the native host, Q. gigas can also be found in coffee plants, being the immature stages considered pest in the coffee producer region of southern Minas Gerais state and Northeast of São Paulo state. The emergence of the large amount of Q. gigas adults is concentrated in the period between September and November, during which also happen mating and laying. The posture of Q. gigas eggs is endophytic type and is implemented inside dry branches, preferably at the the upper canopy of coffee plants. Despite, many biological aspects of Q. gigas are not yet determined, including processes related to reproduction, and those involved the interaction of the nymphs (stage causing damage), with their hosts. The main goal of the research was to determine morphology of the reproductive apparatus of Q. gigas, watching the maturation of ovaries, as well as assess nymphs development in relation to different host plants. The studies were conducted in the field of Experimental Station of Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais (EPAMIG) (20º57‟54.32‟‟S; 47º04‟16.07‟‟W) and in UNESP/FCAV laboratories. Through stereomicroscopic analysis and scanning electron microscopy we can observe the structures present in the Q. gigas female reproductive apparatus. It can be seen from the beginning of emergency 30/09/2013 adults, difference between immature and mature ovaries in females compared to the first and second collect period 10/14/2013 and 29/10/2013 respectively. The number of eggs per female found in the second collect 29/10/2013 varied 112-1017 averaging 428.2 ± 45.7 eggs/female. The female's ovipositor is characterized by apical teeth, pre-apical and dorsal. Eggs have elongated and cylindrical structure. The exochorion consists of tubers united by furrows and ... / Mestre