Water is a major factor limiting cotton production and farmers must aim to optimise crop water use through timely irrigation scheduling decisions. Airborne video imagery when calibrated with a low density of ground based observations, offers the potential for near real time monitoring of crop condition, through sequential coverages of entire cotton fields. Using commercially available video equipment mounted on a light aircraft images were acquired of field experiments that were established in commercial cotton fields to test if the imagery could monitor changes in crop condition. Ground data collected from these experiments were used to evaluate green, red, near infrared and thermal band imagery for irrigated crop management. Prior to acquiring imagery, a ground radiometer study was conducted to investigate if canopy reflectance changed with the onset of crop water stress. Canopy reflectance decreased in the near infrared and green bands during the five day period prior to the crop's normal irrigation date. Red reflectance increased only after the crop irrigation was due, when the crop was suffering from water stress. The greatest change in canopy reflectance was in the near infrared region, attributable in part to a decrease in ground cover caused by canopy architectural changes including leaf wilting. The results of this experiment were used to select spectral filters for the video cameras. A range of crop conditions were identified in the imagery including; crop waterlogging, wheeltrack soil compaction, crop nitrogen status, different varieties, crop maturity, canopy development, soil moisture status, cotton yield and nutgrass weeds. Thermal imagery was the most successful for distinguishing differences in the crop soil moisture status. Near infrared imagery was most closely related to crop canopy development and is recommended for monitoring crop growth. Linear relationships were found between spectral responses in the imagery, crop reflectance (%) and crop temperature measured on the ground. Near infrared reflectance linearly increased, while spectral responses in the green, red and thermal bands exhibited an inverse relationship with plant height and ground cover. Imagery collected early in the season was affected by the soil background. Final lint yield was related to imagery in the red band. As the soil moisture level declined, crop temperature increased while reflectance in the green band decreased. To ensure an accurate relationship between soil moisture and thermal imagery, separate calibration equations are recommended for different stages in the season. Green, red and near infrared imagery were affected by the sun angle that caused one side of the imagery to appear brighter than the other. This problem was greatest in the green and red bands, but was not evident in the thermal imagery. Changes in solar radiation and air temperature on some occasions caused greater variation to the imagery between flights, than changes in crop condition per se. Therefore, it is not aIways possible to directly determine the soil moisture status from canopy temperature. Further research is required to correct imagery for environmental variables such as solar radiation, air temperature and vapour pressure deficit. Thermal imagery offers many improvements to current irrigation scheduling techniques including the facilitation of locating more representative ground sampling points. Thermal imagery also enables cotton fields on a farm to be ranked according to their soil moisture status. This then provides farmers with a visual picture of the crop water status across the whole farm, which is not possible using conventional ground scheduling techniques. At this stage, airborne video imagery will not replace soil moisture data collected for irrigation scheduling, however offers potential to enhance irrigation scheduling methods by addressing the problem of crop variability within cotton fields.

In this thesis, the relationships between 17 traits including starch, fibre, culinary quality and agronomic parameters of potato were investigated. In two studies, 12 genotypes were grown at three locations in Ontario and 18 genotypes were grown at four locations in Manitoba, Ontario and New Brunswick. Genotype by environment interactions were significant for fibre and agronomic traits, except bake score and specific gravity. Correlations were found between some, but not all, starch, fibre and agronomic parameters. Several genotypes containing desirable starch, fibre and agronomic profiles with high stability were identified. Although no single genotype was superior in all analyzed traits, certain genotypes excelled in specific attributes. CV96044-3 had the best starch and fibre profile, but low yields compared to other cultivars. Three genotypes, CV96044-3, F04037 and Goldrush, may be useful parents in a breeding program to improve starch and fibre characteristics, producing cultivars containing all desirable traits. / AAFC, Agricultural Bioproducts Innovation Program, BioPotato Network

High linoleic acid soybeans facilitate maximum production of soy-based polyurethane. The objectives of this study were to: 1) Evaluate environmental influence on yield and seed composition traits; 2) Estimate correlation coefficients between linoleic acid with agronomic traits; 3) Validate SSR markers associated with fatty acid QTL in multiple environments and across diverse genotypes; and 4) Evaluate the influence of fertilizers differing in P and K concentrations on seed fatty acids. RG25 was identified as the best genotype to be commercialized for polyurethane production. Strong marker-trait associations across environments included Satt_335, Satt389, Satt556 associated with palmitic and stearic, Satt389 with oleic, Satt389 and Satt537 with linoleic acid. A significant increase in linoleic acid content was observed when plants received modified Hoagland’s solution with 2×K compared to without K. Development of a high linoleic acid soybean line for polyurethane production is feasible using validated SSR markers and high K fertility. / Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs

Diss. (sammanfattning). Alnarp : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Alnarp : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2007. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1998-07-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:19:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bertani_rma_dr_botfca.pdf: 660606 bytes, checksum: a8da6d2f103f5d4bbc4b5eb02832a71c (MD5) / O presente trabalho objetivou estudar a eficiência agronômica de fosfatos na cultura da batata (Solanum tuberosum spp tuberosum), variedade Bintje, através de análises de crescimento, acúmulo de nutrientes no tecido foliar e produção de tubérculos, em experimento conduzido em condição de campo na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, localizada no município de São Manuel - SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com 4 repetições, obedecendo um esquema fatorial 3 x 3, sendo 3 fontes de fósforo e 3 doses, 100, 200 e 300 kg/ha de P2O5, além de um controle sem aplicação de fósforo. Como fontes de P foram utilizados o superfosfato triplo, termofosfato Yoorin Master e um fosfato organo-mineral, sendo este último obtido da solubilização de fosfato de rocha (apatita) através da mistura com lixo domiciliar. Os tratamentos com superfosfato triplo, fosfato organo-mineral e controle receberam micronutrientes para compensar o fornecimento pelo termofosfato.Para análise de crescimento foram feitas 6 coletas de plantas, sendo 2 plantas por parcela, num total de 36 parcelas. A primeira coleta foi feita 20 dias após o início da emergência e as coletas subsequentes, aos 34, 48, 62, 76 e 90 dias. Para a análise de tecido vegetal foram coletados os pecíolos das 4as folhas a partir do ápice, aos 48 dias após o plantio. O Índice de Eficiência Agronômica (IEA) dos fosfatos testados foi calculado com base no diferencial de produção obtido entre os fosfatos em teste e o superfosfato triplo. Os resultados indicam que a aplicação de fósforo promoveu elevação em todos os índices de análise de crescimento. As fontes superfosfato triplo e termofosfato Yoorin, na dose de 300 kg/ha de P2O5, propicia aumento no crescimento e produtividade da cultura da batata, especialmente porque... / This paper aimed to study the agronomic efficiency of phosphates on potato crop (Solanum tuberosum ssp tuberosum), cv Bintje, by growth analysis, nutrient accumulation in the leaf tissue and tuber yield, in a experiment carried out under field condition at São Manuel Experimental Farm, located in São Manuel district - SP. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications, with combinations of 3 phosphorus sources and 3 levels, 100, 200 and 300 kg/ha of P2O5, plus a control without phosphorus application. The utilized phosphorus sources were triple superphosphate, Yoorin Master termophosphate and an organomineral phosphate, the last one being obtained from rock phosphate (apatite) solubilization and mixed with domestic waste. The treatments with triple superphosphate, organomineral phosphate and control received micronutrient amendment to compensate the micronutrient supplied by the thermophosphate...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Resumo: O adubo nitrogenado é um dos mais caros e, para assegurar retorno econômico da atividade pecuária e evitar danos ao ambiente, é necessário conhecer a dose adequada de nitrogênio a aplicar. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a resposta morfológica e produtiva do capim-xaraés, sob pastejo, à adubação nitrogenada. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo, no Instituto de Zootecnia, Nova Odessa-SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com seis doses de nitrogênio (0; 125; 250; 375; 500 e 625 kg ha-1 de N por ano) e quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas características estruturais, massa de forragem no pré e no pós-pastejo, acúmulo de forragem, eficiência de conversão do N fertilizante em forragem, perdas de forragem no pastejo e eficiência de pastejo durante oito ciclos de pastejo do capim-xaraés. O nitrogênio aumentou o acúmulo de forragem do capim- -xaraés e das perdas de forragem pelo pastejo. A dose de 354 kg ha-1 de N proporcionou o máximo acúmulo de forragem no período chuvoso, e com 250 kg ha-1 é possível obter 90% do máximo. Houve efeito residual da adubação no acúmulo de forragem. A maior eficiência de conversão do N fertilizante em forragem foi obtida com 125 kg ha-1 de N. A adubação nitrogenada propiciou aumento na altura de plantas e na densidade de perfilhos. A eficiência de pastejo aumentou em função da adubação nitrogenada, mas ficou abaixo de 50%. / Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphologic and productive response of xaraés palisadegrass, under grazing, to nitrogen fertilization. The experiment was carried out under field conditions at the Instituto de Zootecnia, Nova Odessa-SP. The experimental design was randomized blocks design with six nitrogen rates (0; 125; 250; 375; 500 and 625 kg ha-1 N per year) and four replications. Structural characteristics, pre and post-grazing forage mass, forage accumulation, agronomic efficiency, grazing losses and grazing efficiency were evaluated during eight xaraes palisadegrass grazing cycles. Nitrogen increased forage accumulation and grazing losses. Maximum forage accumulation (sum of six grazing cycles) was achieved with 354 kg ha-1 N, however, 250 kg ha-1 N corresponded to 90% of the maximum. There was a residual effect of fertilization. The highest efficiency nitrogen use was obtained with 125 kg ha-1 N. Nitrogen fertilization resulted in an increase in plant height and tiller density. Grazing efficiency increased with nitrogen fertilization, but it remained below 50%. / Orientador: Manoel Evaristo Ferreira / Coorientadora: Patrícia Sarmento / Banca: William Natale / Banca: Francisco Antonio Monteiro / Mestre

Orientador: Leonardo Theodoro Büll / Banca: Takashi Muraoka / Banca: João Domingos Rodrigues / Banca: Dirceu Maximino Fernandes / Banca: Oswaldo Brinholi / Resumo: O presente trabalho objetivou estudar a eficiência agronômica de fosfatos na cultura da batata (Solanum tuberosum spp tuberosum), variedade Bintje, através de análises de crescimento, acúmulo de nutrientes no tecido foliar e produção de tubérculos, em experimento conduzido em condição de campo na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, localizada no município de São Manuel - SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com 4 repetições, obedecendo um esquema fatorial 3 x 3, sendo 3 fontes de fósforo e 3 doses, 100, 200 e 300 kg/ha de P2O5, além de um controle sem aplicação de fósforo. Como fontes de P foram utilizados o superfosfato triplo, termofosfato Yoorin Master e um fosfato organo-mineral, sendo este último obtido da solubilização de fosfato de rocha (apatita) através da mistura com lixo domiciliar. Os tratamentos com superfosfato triplo, fosfato organo-mineral e controle receberam micronutrientes para compensar o fornecimento pelo termofosfato.Para análise de crescimento foram feitas 6 coletas de plantas, sendo 2 plantas por parcela, num total de 36 parcelas. A primeira coleta foi feita 20 dias após o início da emergência e as coletas subsequentes, aos 34, 48, 62, 76 e 90 dias. Para a análise de tecido vegetal foram coletados os pecíolos das 4as folhas a partir do ápice, aos 48 dias após o plantio. O Índice de Eficiência Agronômica (IEA) dos fosfatos testados foi calculado com base no diferencial de produção obtido entre os fosfatos em teste e o superfosfato triplo. Os resultados indicam que a aplicação de fósforo promoveu elevação em todos os índices de análise de crescimento. As fontes superfosfato triplo e termofosfato Yoorin, na dose de 300 kg/ha de P2O5, propicia aumento no crescimento e produtividade da cultura da batata, especialmente porque ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This paper aimed to study the agronomic efficiency of phosphates on potato crop (Solanum tuberosum ssp tuberosum), cv Bintje, by growth analysis, nutrient accumulation in the leaf tissue and tuber yield, in a experiment carried out under field condition at São Manuel Experimental Farm, located in São Manuel district - SP. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications, with combinations of 3 phosphorus sources and 3 levels, 100, 200 and 300 kg/ha of P2O5, plus a control without phosphorus application. The utilized phosphorus sources were triple superphosphate, Yoorin Master termophosphate and an organomineral phosphate, the last one being obtained from rock phosphate (apatite) solubilization and mixed with domestic waste. The treatments with triple superphosphate, organomineral phosphate and control received micronutrient amendment to compensate the micronutrient supplied by the thermophosphate...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

As espécies do gênero Paspalum destacam-se pela maior resistência ao frio, produção e qualidade de forragem, quando comparados a outras gramíneas estivais nativas do Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de híbridos interespecíficos de Paspalum, em relação à produção de forragem nos municípios de Eldorado do Sul e Coronel Barros e tolerância ao frio em Eldorado do Sul. “Foram avaliados os híbridos: “140”, “131”, ‘138”, “129”, “78”, “176”, “142”, “208”, “165”, “172”, “197”, “329”, “491”, “89”, “162” originados pelo cruzamento de P. plicatulum (4c-4x) x P. lepton; juntamente os híbridos: “1” e “44”, cruzamento de P. plicatulum (4c-4x) x P. guenoarum ecótipo “Azulão”; e os híbridos “43”, “31”, “90”, cruzamento de P. plicatulum (4c-4x) x P. guenoarum ecótipo “Azulão”; ou P. plicatulum (4c-4x) x P. guenoarum ecótipo “Baio”; ou P. plicatulum (4c-4x) x P. lepton, respectivamente. A cultivar Aruana (Panicum maximum) foi utilizada como testemunha. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos casualizados com três repetições. As avaliações foram realizadas por meio de cortes, totalizando sete cortes. A variável massa seca de folhas foi a que apresentou maior correlação com a massa seca total. Ao selecionar os híbridos com maior massa seca total também estão sendo selecionadas as plantas de maior altura e diâmetro. Os híbridos apomíticos “129”, “138”, “208”, “329”, híbridos sexuais “78” e “165” e o híbrido “1” (modo de reprodução não determinado) apresentaram ao longo das avaliações altas produções de massa seca total e massa seca de folhas e em alguns cortes se destacaram, sendo superiores aos seus progenitores. Portanto foram selecionados para seguir no programa de melhoramento visando à obtenção de cultivares mais adaptadas às nossas condições de clima sub-tropical. / The genus Paspalum species stand out for the highest resistance to cold, production and forage quality compared to other native summer grasses of Rio Grande do Sul. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of interspecific hybrids of Paspalum in relation to the production of forage in Eldorado do Sul and Coronel Barros cities and cold tolerance in Eldorado do Sul. They were evaluated hybrids "140", "131", "138", "129", "78", " 176 ","142”, "208 "," 165 "," 172 "," 197 "," 329 "," 491 "," 89 "," 162 " originated by crossing P.plicatulum (4c-4X) x P. lepton; and hybrids, "1" and "44", crossing P. plicatulum (4c-4x) x P. guenoarum ecotype "Azulão"; and hybrid "43", "31", "90", crossing P. plicatulum (4c-4x) x P. guenoarum ecotype "Azulão"; or P. plicatulum (4c-4x) x P. guenoarum ecotype "Baio"; or P. plicatulum (4c-4x) x P. lepton, respectively. Cultivar Aruana of Panicum maximum was used as control. The design was a randomized block with three replications. The evaluations were made through cuts, totaling seven cuts. The variable dry mass of leaves showed the highest correlation with total dry matter. When selecting hybrids with higher total dry matter are also being selected plants of greater height and diameter. The apomictic hybrids "129", "138", "208", "329", sexual hybrids "78" and "165" and the hybrid "1" (mode of reproduction not determined) presented during the evaluations high productions of total dry mass and dry mass of leaves, and in some cuts stood out and were higher than their parents. So, they were selected to follow in the breeding program aimed at getting cultivars more adapted to sub-tropical conditions.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-07-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:05:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 revoredo_md_dr_jabo.pdf: 666287 bytes, checksum: e4dce86eafdc425b360771859be411ab (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do aumento da densidade populacional sobre o metabolismo de C e N, a remobilização e exportação dos nutrientes e as características agronômicas das plantas de milho, conduziu-se um experimento nas condições de campo em Jaboticabal-SP (48°15’18’’W e 21°15’22’’S), na safra 2005/2006. Os tratamentos se basearam em cinco densidades populacionais do híbrido AG 9010 (30, 45, 60, 75 e 90 mil plantas por ha), com quatro repetições. A adubação de semeadura foi realizada com 320 kg ha-1 da fórmula 05-15-10 e, em cobertura foram aplicados 134 kg ha-1 de N na forma de sulfato de amônio. As avaliações foram realizadas nos estádios de pendoamento (VT) e de grão pastoso (R4), e na colheita final de grãos. O acúmulo de massa seca, dos metabólitos e as atividades enzimáticas do metabolismo de C e N (em R4) nos colmos, folhas e grãos por planta de milho diminuíram em função do aumento da densidade populacional, exceto a invertase solúvel nos grãos e sacarose sintase na folha. O estudo do metabolismo das plantas em condições de campo assemelhou-se aos de cultivo de grãos in vitro, quanto aos aminoácidos livres e a atividade da sacarose sintase. A elevação da densidade de plantas promoveu um maior redirecionamento de fotoassimilados para os grãos, uma redução do acúmulo dos macro e micronutrientes e da eficiência de remobilização de N e K, da parte vegetativa para os grãos, e aumento na eficiência do uso dos nutrientes N, P e K. O incremento na densidade populacional aumentou a altura das plantas e inserção da espiga, diminuiu o número de espigas por planta, o número de grãos por espiga, da massa de mil grãos e da massa de grãos por espiga. A produtividade de grãos e a exportação dos nutrientes aumentaram com o aumento da densidade populacional. / With the objective of evaluating the effect of the population density increase on the C and N metabolism, the nutrients remobilization and exportation and the agronomic characteristics of corn plants, a field experiment was carried out, at Jaboticabal-SP (48°15’18’’W e 21°15’22’’S), in the agricultural year of 2005/2006. The plots were represented by five population densities of the hybrid AG 9010 (30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 thousand plants per hectare), with four replications. Sowing fertilization was performed with 320 kg ha-1 of the formula 05-15-10 and side dressing with 134 kg ha-1 of N, by the form of ammonium sulfate. The variables were measured on the stages of tassel (VT) and pasty grain (R4), and final grain harvest. The dry mass storage of the metabolites and enzymatic activities of C and N metabolism (in R4) in the stalks, leaves and corn plant grains deceased in function of the population density increase, except for the soluble invertase in the grains and sucrose syntax in the leaves. In relation to free aminoacids and sucrose syntax activity, the study of plant metabolism on field conditions was very similar to the studies of grains in vitro. The plant density increase promoted a bigger redirection of assimilates for the grains, reduction of the macro and micronutrients storage and of the N and K remobilization efficiency, from the vegetative parts to the grains, and increased the use efficiency of N, P and K nutrients. The enhance of the population density raised the plant height and insertion of the first ear, decreased the number of ears per plant, number of grains per ear, mass of a thousand grains and grain mass per ear. Grain yield and nutrient exportation rose with the population density increase.