In diesem Beitrag wird aufgezeigt, wie die Firma ILV durch langjährige Beteiligung an Forschungs- und Entwicklungsvorhaben sowie durch Industrieerprobung von innovativen Technologien erfolgreich im In- und Ausland arbeitet. Vorgestellt werden schwerpunkthaft Ergebnisse der Anwendung von Satellitenbilddaten im visuellen Bereich und von Radardaten sowie Erfahrungen bei der Einführung der digitalen Luftbildkameratechnik. Berichte aus der Praxis des digitalen Bildfluges im Ausland auch aus Sicht des Auftraggebers für geologische und geotechnische Fragestellungen und der Industrieerprobung von Multibeam-Sonar-Technik zeigen die innovativen Potentiale dieser Technologien. / In this paper, it is shown how the company ILV works successfully domestically and abroad by long standing involvement in research and development projects as well as by industrial testing of innovative technologies. The focus of the paper are results of application of satellite images in visual range and of radar data as experiences with the introduction of digital airborne camera technique. Field notes about digital photo flight abroad – also from the view of the customer for geological and geotechnical problems – and about industrial testing of Multi-beam Sonar Technique show the innovative potentials of these technologies.

The aim of this project was to develop and improve Intuitive Aerial AB airborne camera rig system, the biggest focus area in this project has been on the upper part of the UAV camera rig system, whether proofing and make it more portable during transports is the main goal, I am using industrial design methodology to do this.Intuitive Aerial AB is developing a new model of their airborne camera rig system to the NAB show (National Association of Broadcasts) in April 6-11 2013 in Las Vegas USA. The airborne Camera rig is an UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) that targets the professional film and photography industry.Idea generation, sketching, prototype, brainstorming, user research, market analysis, CAD modeling and rendering are some of the industrial design methods used in this project. This project has had a tight time schedule to be ready for the NAB Show. This means that development and production has been hands on.The result presented in this report is a new design of the Intuitive Aerial airborne camera rig system. That is produced to the NAB show in Las Vegas. After the NAB Show in Las Vegas a concept study of the camera rig system has been made. And is visualised as sketches and 3D model renderings.

Microbial pathogens commonly transmitted through the aerosol route to surfaces, equipment, and hands in the clinical setting leads to costly and life threatening hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Even with improved hand hygiene and surface disinfection, HAIs continue to persist in healthcare environments, warranting consideration of novel interventions to reduce the transmission risk of HAIs. This study quantitated the efficacy of ion generating passive air treatment (PAT) against viruses (MS2), bacteria (Escherichia coli), and bacterial spores (Bacillus thuringiensis) in a controlled environmental setting. Microorganisms were seeded into a 2.72 m3 chamber using a positive pressure nebulizing device to generate aerosolized droplets. The PAT unit was then turned on and seeded organisms were collected at various time points using impingers to concentrate the organisms into sterile aqueous solution. The microorganisms were enumerated using approved standard protocols developed in the Environment, Exposure Science, and Risk Assessment Center's laboratory at The University of Arizona. Three experiments were conducted to challenge the PAT unit. Experiment one evaluated the efficacy of the PAT unit over a single 10-minute period on microbial inactivation from the airborne environment following a single seeding; additionally, experiment one aimed to determine the efficacy of the PAT unit against viruses, bacteria, and bacterial spores on environmental surfaces; experiment two evaluated the efficacy of the PAT unit running continuously over a period of 6 hours following a single seeding; and experiment three evaluated the efficacy of the PAT unit running two continuously over a period of 5.25 hours following two seeding events. Bacterial spores from pre- and post-treatment with the PAT unit were collected and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy to assess structural differences. After a single seeding and 10 minutes of continuous treatment of the PAT unit, normalized average microbial log10 reductions of post-treatment compared to pre-treatment air concentrations were 1.67, 0.59, and 1.04 for MS2, B. thuringiensis spores, and E. coli, respectively. Differences in average log10 reductions between the control unit and the PAT unit were statistically significant for MS2 (p=0.009) and B. thuringiensis (p=0.0455), but not for E. coli (p=0.0565). The geometric mean log10 surface concentrations of MS2, B. thuringiensis, and E. coli after a single seeding and 10 minutes of continuous treatment of the PAT unit were 7.30 PFU/100 cm2, 5.90 CFU/100 cm2, and 2.74 CFU/100 cm2, respectively, compared to exposure of the control unit, 8.59 PFU/100 cm2, 6.03 CFU/100 cm2, and 4.96 CFU/100 cm2, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean log10 surface concentrations following 10 minutes of treatment with the control unit compared to the PAT unit for E. coli (p=0.002), but not for MS2 (p=0.3358) or B. thuringiensis (p=0.0866). After a single seeding and 6-hours of continuous treatment of the PAT unit, normalized average microbial log10 reductions of MS2 and B. thuringiensis were 1.43 and 1.32, respectively. The difference in average log10 reduction of all post-treatment samples between the control unit and the PAT unit was statistically significant for B. thuringiensis (p=0.0008) but not for MS2 (p=0.2568). After two seedings and 5.25 hours of continuous treatment of the PAT unit, normalized average microbial log10 reductions of MS2 and B. thuringiensis were 1.59 and 1.26, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the average log10 reductions between the control unit and the PAT unit for MS2 (p=0.002) and B. thuringiensis (p=0.0003). Scanning electron microscopy analysis identified visual modification to B. thuringiensis spores following treatment with the PAT unit. In this study, the tested ion generating PAT unit was effectively able to reduce airborne microbial concentrations between 1-2 log10 in a controlled chamber environment within 10 minutes and up to 6 hours of treatment. The implications of this study suggest that ion producing PAT systems may represent a beneficial supplement to cleaning and disinfection practices in the reduction of pathogen contamination from the airborne and fomite-airborne routes.

The respiratory system is a target for environmental oxidants from airborne pollution and other contaminants. Chronic exposure may result in inflammatory conditions such as allergies and asthma. The ability of the body to counteract oxidation is dependent on the oxidative status of the individual, and can also benefit from the use of medicinal plant preparations such as Withania somnifera (WS), which is accredited with antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. Selenium is an important cofactor of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase. A deficiency of Se will result in decreased antioxidant enzymes levels and a poor response to oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant content and activity of WS, as well as its in vitro effects with seleno-L-methionine (Se-Met), the major component of dietary selenium, in a physiologically relevant cell model system. Little is known about the combinational effects of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants i.e., WS in combination with Se-Met, and these effects were also quantified. The antioxidant content (total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC)) and activity (2,2- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of a water extract of WS, as traditionally prepared and used, was determined. The intracellular and total protection of WS alone (0-33.33 mg/ml) and in combination with Se-Met (0-33.33 pg/ml) (range: ½-100x RDA) was evaluated in a standard cell line, the SC-1 fibroblast cell line and in physiologically relevant primary cultures of chick embryo lung cells (CELC) using the 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay. Water extracts of WS, as traditionally consumed, were found to possess significant antioxidant content and activity. For TPC and TFC, WS was found to contain 4.84 g CE/100 g DW, and 355 mg CE/100 g DW respectively. For DPPH, the IC50 of WS was 56.34 mg/ml, and the antioxidant activity of WS was 274.8 μmol TE/g. For TEAC, the IC50 of WS was 60.3 mg/ml, and the antioxidant activity of WS was 2.2 mmol TE/g. Using ORAC, the antioxidant activity of WS was found to be 15.05 μM TE/g. WS and Se-Met exhibited both pro-oxidant and antioxidant effects in the DCFH-DA assay and this may be a function of concentration, as well as combinations of WS and Se-Met ratios. Data indicates that both WS and Se-Met, alone and in combination, elicit protection via the intracellular (at all concentrations) and extracellular (at higher concentrations) compartment of the SC-1 cell. A synergistic interaction is observed extracellularly between WS and Se-Met, with mostly additive effects occurring intracellularly. For CELC, WS and Se-Met alone both demonstrated total protective effects at almost all concentrations, and intracellular protective effects at higher concentrations. The combination of WS and Se-Met provided total and intracellular protection to the CELC at the highest concentration combination. Antagonism between WS and Se-Met was observed at low concentrations in the total protection assay, with weak synergism and antagonism occurring at higher concentrations. Synergism between WS and Se-Met was observed at low concentrations intracellularly, with antagonistic interactions occurring at higher concentrations. In conclusion, WS and Se-Met, alone and in combination at non-cytotoxic concentrations, displayed significant cellular protection against oxidative damage and this was a function of cell line, concentration and ratios between WS and Se-Met. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Anatomy / unrestricted

Equations for determining the electromagnetic response for a dipole situated above a layered earth are derived from Maxwell's equations. The theory is then expanded to allow for a transmitter and receiver at any distance above the surface of the layered earth. Using the commercially available software "Mathcad" standard curves are calculated for two- and three layer models. Damped least squares inversion is advocated. The partial derivatives of the layered earth expression with respect to all model parameters are formulated and the Jacobian matrix is constructed. The inversion routine is tested on noise-free synthetic data and on synthetic data with noise. The study is concluded with a case history where the developed technology is applied to a DIGHEM V data set flown over the Nebo granites in the Ga-Masemola area, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Results show that although the data consists of only three co-planar frequencies, parameters such as depth to bedrock, overburden conductivity and bedrock conductivity can be recovered. / Dissertation (MSc (Exploration Geophysics))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Geology / unrestricted

Routine monitoring of environmental pollution demands simplicity and speed without sacrificing sensitivity or accuracy. The development and application of sensitive, fast and easy to implement analytical methodologies for detecting emerging and traditional water and airborne contaminants in South Florida is presented. A novel method was developed for quantification of the herbicide glyphosate based on lyophilization followed by derivatization and simultaneous detection by fluorescence and mass spectrometry. Samples were analyzed from water canals that will hydrate estuarine wetlands of Biscayne National Park, detecting inputs of glyphosate from both aquatic usage and agricultural runoff from farms. A second study describes a set of fast, automated LC-MS/MS protocols for the analysis of dioctyl sulfosuccinate (DOSS) and 2-butoxyethanol, two components of Corexit®. Around 1.8 million gallons of those dispersant formulations were used in the response efforts for the Gulf of Mexico oil spill in 2010. The methods presented here allow the trace-level detection of these compounds in seawater, crude oil and commercial dispersants formulations. In addition, two methodologies were developed for the analysis of well-known pollutants, namely Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and airborne particulate matter (APM). PAHs are ubiquitous environmental contaminants and some are potent carcinogens. Traditional GC-MS analysis is labor-intensive and consumes large amounts of toxic solvents. My study provides an alternative automated SPE-LC-APPI-MS/MS analysis with minimal sample preparation and a lower solvent consumption. The system can inject, extract, clean, separate and detect 28 PAHs and 15 families of alkylated PAHs in 28 minutes. The methodology was tested with environmental samples from Miami. Airborne Particulate Matter is a mixture of particles of chemical and biological origin. Assessment of its elemental composition is critical for the protection of sensitive ecosystems and public health. The APM collected from Port Everglades between 2005 and 2010 was analyzed by ICP-MS after acid digestion of filters. The most abundant elements were Fe and Al, followed by Cu, V and Zn. Enrichment factors show that hazardous elements (Cd, Pb, As, Co, Ni and Cr) are introduced by anthropogenic activities. Data suggest that the major sources of APM were an electricity plant, road dust, industrial emissions and marine vessels.

In Earth remote sensing precise characterization of the backscatter coefficient is important to extract valuable information about the observed target. A system that eliminates platform motion during near-nadir airborne observations is presented in this thesis, showing an improvement on the accuracy of measurements for a Ka- band scatterometer previously developed at Microwave Remote Sensing Laboratory (MIRSL). These very same results are used to simulate the reflectivity of such targets as seen from a spaceborne radar and estimate height errors based on mission-specific geometry. Finally, data collected from a dual-frequency airborne interferometer com- prised by the Ka-band system and an S-band radar is processed and analyzed to estimate forest heights.

Fans are often used in equipment such as home appliances andelectronic equipment where the margin of profit is small butcustomers demands on a low noise level are high. Therefore,methods for predicting the noise emitted by an applicationincluding one or several fans are desirable in order toimprove, accelerate and reduce the cost of low-noise design.The Noise Shaping Technology (NST) has been developed withinthe EC-project NABUCCO in order to fulfil the aboverequirements on a prediction method. According to NST, thenoise source (not necessary a fan) is described by one orseveral noise descriptors, CSSs, and the correspondingtransmission paths through the structure described by one orseveral transfer functions, ACFs. In this thesis, theapplicability of NST is evaluated on a cabinet for electronicequipment where small axial cooling fans constitute the primarysources of the airborne sound. As an axial fan is a complex source of sound,simplifications are necessary when modelling its acousticproperties. Therefore, the sound radiation of an axial fan infree space was examined by expanding the generated soundpressure field into spherical harmonics. The conclusion on asource model for the cabinet example, where the fans are moreor less In-duct mounted, is a modified single axial dipole. Themodel is expected to be valid in the entire frequency range ofinterest except in the mid-frequency range where the modaldensity is low. In order to improve the source model in thisfrequency range, a future model based on a rotating dipole isproposed. The sound power of a small axial fan is measured in an ISO10302 test-rig. In order to take account of flow conditions,acoustically transparent ducts have been developed. These shallbe attached to the test-rig when measuring the sound power ofthe fan. A simple but practical method of how to correct thesound power for the baffling effect of the test-rig has alsobeen developed. Finally, the sound power can be converted intodipole force, which is the airborne CSS corresponding to thesingle axial dipole model. The corresponding airborne transfer function (ACF), i.e.,from dipole force at the source point to sound pressure at thereceiver point, is measured reciprocally by taking use ofLyamshevs reciprocity relation. From multiplication of the CSS and the ACF, the soundpressure can be predicted. The prediction shows quite goodagreement with the measured values. <b>Keywords:</b>axial fan, airborne sound, sourcecharacterisation, transmission path analysis, In-duct,spherical harmonics, rotating dipole, installation effects, ISO10302, flow conditions, baffling effect, acousticallytransparent ducts, Lyamshevs reciprocity relation, reciprocity,CSS, ACF, GSM, NST. / NR 20140805

Connected aviation, the Internet of Flying Things and related emerging technologies, such as the System-Wide Information Management infrastructure of the FAA NextGen program, present numerous opportunities for the aviation sector. The ubiquity of aeronautical, flight, weather, aerodrome, and maintenance data accelerates the development of smarter software systems to cope with the ever increasing requirements of the industry sector. The increasing amount, frequency and variety of real-time data available to modern air transport and tactical systems, and their crews, creates exciting new challenges and research opportunities. We present an architectural approach toward the vision of increasingly self-separating and self-governed flight operations within the bigger picture of an evolving set of future Autonomous Flight Rules. The challenges in this field of research are manifold and include autonomic airborne trajectory optimization, data sharing, fusion and information derivation, the incorporation of and communication with rational actors—both human and machine—via a connected aviation infrastructure, to facilitate smarter decision making and support while generating economical, environmental and tactical advantages. We developed a concept and prototype implementation of our Smart Autoflight Control System. The concept and implemented system follow the design principle of an Autonomic Element, consisting of an Autonomic Manager and its Managed Element, acting within an Autonomic Context. The Managed Element concept embraces an infrastructure featuring suitable models of manageable environments, airborne agents, planners, applicable operational cost and risk policies, and connections to the System-Wide Information Management cloud as well as to relevant rational actors, such as Air Traffic Control, Command and Control, Operations or Dispatch. The Autonomic Manager concept incorporates the extraction, that is, short-term sensing, of features from operational scenarios and the categorization of these scenarios according to their level of criticality and associated flight phase. The Autonomic Manager component, furthermore, continuously tunes, that is, actuates, manageable items of its Managed Element, such as environments and planners, and triggers competitions to assess their performance under the various extracted and dynamically changing features of their Autonomic Context. The performance reputations of the tuned manageable items are collected in a knowledge base and may serve as a long-term sensor. Both the managed items of the Managed Element as well the managing items of the Autonomic Manager are extendable and may realize very different paradigms, including deterministic, non-deterministic, heuristically guided, and biologically inspired approaches. We assessed the extensibility and maintainability of our Smart Autoflight Control System infrastructure by including manageable environments and planners of the Classical Grid Search, Probabilistic Roadmaps, and Rapidly-Exploring Random Trees families into its core component. Furthermore, we evaluated the viability of a simple heuristic and a more sophisticated Sequential Model-Based Algorithm Configuration Autonomic Manager to adaptively select and tune manageable planners of the supported families based on the extracted features from very simple to highly challenging scenarios. We were able to show that a self-adaptive approach, that heuristically tunes and selects the best performing planner following a performance competition, produces suitable flight trajectories within reasonable deliberation times. Additionally, we discovered options for improving our heuristic Autonomic Manager through a series of evaluation runs of the Sequential Model-Based Algorithm Configuration Autonomic Manager. Our contributions answer how the manageable items, that is, environments and planners, of our Smart Autoflight Control System core component have to be modified in order to embed System-Wide Information Management data that feature both spatial and temporal aspects. We show how operational cost and risk policies help to assess environments differently and plan suitable flight trajectories accordingly. We identify and implement the necessary extensions and capabilities that have to be supported by manageable and managing items, respectively, to enable continuous feature extraction, adaptive tuning, performance competitions, and planner selection in dynamic flight scenarios. / Graduate

Highway assets, including traffic signs, traffic signals, light poles, and guardrails, are important components of transportation networks. They guide, warn and protect drivers, and regulate traffic. To manage and maintain the regular operation of the highway system, state departments of transportation (DOTs) need reliable and up-to-date information about the location and condition of highway assets. Different methodologies have been employed to collect road inventory data. Currently, ground-based technologies are widely used to help DOTs to continually update their road database, while air-based methods are not commonly used. One possible reason is that the initial investment for air-based methods is relatively high; another is the lack of a systematic and effective approach to extract road features from raw airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data and aerial image data. However, for large-area inventories (e.g., a whole state highway inventory), the total cost of using aerial mapping is actually much lower than other methods considering the time and personnel needed. Moreover, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are easily accessible and inexpensive, which makes it possible to reduce costs for aerial mapping. The focus of this project is to analyze the capability and strengths of airborne data collection system in highway inventory data collection. In this research, a field experiment was conducted by the Remote Sensing Service Laboratory (RSSL), Utah State University (USU), to collect airborne data. Two kinds of methodologies were proposed for data processing, namely ArcGIS-based algorithm for airborne LiDAR data, and MATLAB-based procedure for aerial photography. The results proved the feasibility and high efficiency of airborne data collection method for updating highway inventory database.