A sede é definida como o desejo de beber água. É considerada um sintoma multifatorial, pois o estímulo proporcionado pode ser influenciado pela necessidade de hidratação, ou seja, normalizar os níveis de volemia e osmolaridade plasmática, ou pode ser desencadeado por diferentes fatores pessoais e culturais do indivíduo. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a intensidade e o desconforto da sede em pacientes no período pré-operatório, após vinte minutos da degustação do picolé mentolado com a sede de pacientes que receberam o cuidado usual. Trata-se de ensaio clínico aleatorizado com tratamento em paralelo, prospectivo e monocêntrico. A amostra do estudo foi composta de 40 pacientes cirúrgicos no período pré-operatório, os quais foram alocados em dois grupos, sendo 20 no grupo controle e 20 no grupo experimental. O paciente alocado no grupo controle (cuidado usual) recebeu as orientações dadas pela equipe de saúde, conforme rotina da instituição de saúde. O paciente alocado no grupo experimental recebeu um picolé mentolado, com, no mínimo, três horas de antecedência do horário programado para o procedimento cirúrgico. Para a coleta de dados elaborou-se instrumento, o qual foi submetido a validação de face e conteúdo por cinco juízes. A intensidade e o desconforto da sede foram os desfechos primários mensurados. A intensidade da sede foi mensurada por meio da Escala Numérica (zero sem sede e dez a pior sede que a pessoa já sentiu), e o desconforto da sede pela Escala de Desconforto da Sede Perioperatória (pontuação varia de zero a 14 pontos, sendo que 14 corresponde ao desconforto mais intenso relacionado com a sede). As médias de intensidade da sede inicial foram diferentes entre os grupos investigados, sendo 5,3 (dp 1,8) para o grupo controle, e 6,6 (dp 1,6) para o grupo experimental (p=0,02). As médias relativas ao desconforto inicial da sede também foram discrepantes, 5,2 (dp 2,9) para o grupo controle, e 8,0 (dp 3,7) para o grupo experimental (p<0,001). Os resultados do ensaio clínico aleatorizado evidenciaram significativamente a diminuição da intensidade e do desconforto da sede de pacientes, após vinte minutos da degustação do picolé mentolado com a sede de pacientes que receberam o cuidado usual (p<0,001 para os dois desfechos). O picolé mentolado mostrou-se como estratégia viável para o manejo da sede em paciente no período pré-operatório. As evidências geradas na condução do estudo podem auxiliar, na tomada de decisão da equipe de saúde, acarretando a melhoria do cuidado prestado ao paciente, por meio da implementação de estratégia de fácil aplicação e barata para o manejo da sede. Outro aspecto relevante consiste na produção de conhecimento sobre a problemática, escasso tanto no cenário nacional, quanto internacional / Thirst is defined as the desire of drinking water. It is also considered a multifactorial symptom for two plausible reasons. The first refers to the provided stimulus that may be influenced for the hydration need. To put it differently, such necessity seeks to balance the volume levels and the plasmatic osmolarity. The second one is justified due to it is initiated by the person\'s various personal and cultural factors. This investigation aimed at comparing the intensity and discomfort that thirst caused in patients. The period analyzed refers to the preoperative twenty minutes after the patients ate the mentholated popsicle in comparison to patients who received the usual assistance. This randomized clinical trial was carried out with a parallel, prospective, and monocentric treatment. The sample had 40 surgical patients within the perioperative period. They were divided into two groups, namely: 20 belonged to the control group and 20 belonged to the experimental one. The patients placed into the former received the expected assistance from the health team. Regarding the patients placed into the latter, they received one mentholated popsicle at least three hours before the surgical arranged time. The data collecting tool developed was submitted to five judges\' face and content validation. The intensity and discomfort of thirst were the measured primary findings. The former was measured by using the Numeral Scale in which the number zero represents no thirst and the number ten, the most intense thirst the patients reported they have ever felt. The latter was evaluated by applying the Discomfort Scale of Preoperative Thirst whose pointing may vary from zero to fourteen. In such scale, the occurrence of fourteen corresponds to the most considerable discomfort the patients reported they have ever experienced. In terms of intensity of thirst, the initial averages were different regarding both investigated groups, scored 5,3 (dp 1,8) to the control one and 6,6 (dp 1,6) to the experimental one (p=0,02). The averages concerning the thirst initial discomfort also presented discrepancy, scored 5,2 (dp 2,9) to the first group and 8,0 (dp 3,7) to the second one (p<0,001). The results of this randomized clinical trial significantly evince the decrease of thirst intensity and discomfort on patients who ate the mentholated popsicle in comparison to the ones who received the usual assistance (p<0,001 to both outcomes). The mentholated popsicle seemed to be a feasible strategy to assist patients in the preoperative period. The evidences produced throughout the investigation may support decision makings by the health team and, consequently, improve the patient\'s given support. It might happen by the implementation of an inexpensive and effortless application of such strategy. Moreover, another relevant aspect concerns to the knowledge production due to the features this study shed lights on, which sparse in both national and international scenarios

A sede é definida como o desejo de beber água. É considerada um sintoma multifatorial, pois o estímulo proporcionado pode ser influenciado pela necessidade de hidratação, ou seja, normalizar os níveis de volemia e osmolaridade plasmática, ou pode ser desencadeado por diferentes fatores pessoais e culturais do indivíduo. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a intensidade e o desconforto da sede em pacientes no período pré-operatório, após vinte minutos da degustação do picolé mentolado com a sede de pacientes que receberam o cuidado usual. Trata-se de ensaio clínico aleatorizado com tratamento em paralelo, prospectivo e monocêntrico. A amostra do estudo foi composta de 40 pacientes cirúrgicos no período pré-operatório, os quais foram alocados em dois grupos, sendo 20 no grupo controle e 20 no grupo experimental. O paciente alocado no grupo controle (cuidado usual) recebeu as orientações dadas pela equipe de saúde, conforme rotina da instituição de saúde. O paciente alocado no grupo experimental recebeu um picolé mentolado, com, no mínimo, três horas de antecedência do horário programado para o procedimento cirúrgico. Para a coleta de dados elaborou-se instrumento, o qual foi submetido a validação de face e conteúdo por cinco juízes. A intensidade e o desconforto da sede foram os desfechos primários mensurados. A intensidade da sede foi mensurada por meio da Escala Numérica (zero sem sede e dez a pior sede que a pessoa já sentiu), e o desconforto da sede pela Escala de Desconforto da Sede Perioperatória (pontuação varia de zero a 14 pontos, sendo que 14 corresponde ao desconforto mais intenso relacionado com a sede). As médias de intensidade da sede inicial foram diferentes entre os grupos investigados, sendo 5,3 (dp 1,8) para o grupo controle, e 6,6 (dp 1,6) para o grupo experimental (p=0,02). As médias relativas ao desconforto inicial da sede também foram discrepantes, 5,2 (dp 2,9) para o grupo controle, e 8,0 (dp 3,7) para o grupo experimental (p<0,001). Os resultados do ensaio clínico aleatorizado evidenciaram significativamente a diminuição da intensidade e do desconforto da sede de pacientes, após vinte minutos da degustação do picolé mentolado com a sede de pacientes que receberam o cuidado usual (p<0,001 para os dois desfechos). O picolé mentolado mostrou-se como estratégia viável para o manejo da sede em paciente no período pré-operatório. As evidências geradas na condução do estudo podem auxiliar, na tomada de decisão da equipe de saúde, acarretando a melhoria do cuidado prestado ao paciente, por meio da implementação de estratégia de fácil aplicação e barata para o manejo da sede. Outro aspecto relevante consiste na produção de conhecimento sobre a problemática, escasso tanto no cenário nacional, quanto internacional / Thirst is defined as the desire of drinking water. It is also considered a multifactorial symptom for two plausible reasons. The first refers to the provided stimulus that may be influenced for the hydration need. To put it differently, such necessity seeks to balance the volume levels and the plasmatic osmolarity. The second one is justified due to it is initiated by the person\'s various personal and cultural factors. This investigation aimed at comparing the intensity and discomfort that thirst caused in patients. The period analyzed refers to the preoperative twenty minutes after the patients ate the mentholated popsicle in comparison to patients who received the usual assistance. This randomized clinical trial was carried out with a parallel, prospective, and monocentric treatment. The sample had 40 surgical patients within the perioperative period. They were divided into two groups, namely: 20 belonged to the control group and 20 belonged to the experimental one. The patients placed into the former received the expected assistance from the health team. Regarding the patients placed into the latter, they received one mentholated popsicle at least three hours before the surgical arranged time. The data collecting tool developed was submitted to five judges\' face and content validation. The intensity and discomfort of thirst were the measured primary findings. The former was measured by using the Numeral Scale in which the number zero represents no thirst and the number ten, the most intense thirst the patients reported they have ever felt. The latter was evaluated by applying the Discomfort Scale of Preoperative Thirst whose pointing may vary from zero to fourteen. In such scale, the occurrence of fourteen corresponds to the most considerable discomfort the patients reported they have ever experienced. In terms of intensity of thirst, the initial averages were different regarding both investigated groups, scored 5,3 (dp 1,8) to the control one and 6,6 (dp 1,6) to the experimental one (p=0,02). The averages concerning the thirst initial discomfort also presented discrepancy, scored 5,2 (dp 2,9) to the first group and 8,0 (dp 3,7) to the second one (p<0,001). The results of this randomized clinical trial significantly evince the decrease of thirst intensity and discomfort on patients who ate the mentholated popsicle in comparison to the ones who received the usual assistance (p<0,001 to both outcomes). The mentholated popsicle seemed to be a feasible strategy to assist patients in the preoperative period. The evidences produced throughout the investigation may support decision makings by the health team and, consequently, improve the patient\'s given support. It might happen by the implementation of an inexpensive and effortless application of such strategy. Moreover, another relevant aspect concerns to the knowledge production due to the features this study shed lights on, which sparse in both national and international scenarios

Sociological explanations for human conduct usually place major ontological and epistemological emphasis upon either discursive or material relations without ever establishing or adequately specifying the validity of this dichotomy. Early texts by the Critical Realist philosopher Roy Bhaskar address this forced separation by creating an integrated ontological and epistemological field that provides a more detailed and precise theoretical ordering to agents, objects, and entities. Undertaking a developmental critique of Bhaskar’s arguments, this thesis extends Critical Realism’s role as theoretical ‘underlabourer’ and creates an expanded theoretical framework that balances discursive and material accounts. Utilising the sophisticated analyses of the structure and operation of discourses found in the work of Michel Foucault alongside the innovative arguments for aleatory materialism developed by Louis Althusser, a critique is established that shows discursive, material, and social relations to be complex, immanent, and, importantly, mutually constitutive. In each theory three core concepts of events, emergence, and the extra-discursive are shown to not only be present but also to operate as the main means of explaining social change. The result of integrating Critical Realism, Foucault, and Althusser in this sympathetic but non-syncretic form is the generation of a non-reductionist materialism combined with discursive relations. On this basis, social change is shown to be the result of restructured discursive and material relations of which human agents are only one part. The thesis provides an illustration of the theoretical argument with an empirical component which examines the formation and decline of the British nuclear industry between its inception in the early 1950s to the year 2000. The conclusion is that the form taken by nuclear energy is not entirely determined by any single one of political, economic, or scientific forces but is, instead, the product of multiple and complex interactions of immanent discursive and material relations that are, importantly, mutually reinforcing. / Thesis (Ph.D, Sociology) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-27 12:38:25.909

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:35:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 5424847 bytes, checksum: cd6fd3b0108aa360c842209f90fe91d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / There is much current interest in understanding the dynamic principles that generate patterns in space and time. In biology, the complexity of self-organized patterns are seen from colonies of bacterias, of social insects to the human society. Among these, animal foraging patterns associated to the strategies of systematic search for food sources are included. In this dissertation we propose a model for the foraging of underground termites; such model consists of termites that build tunnels in a infinite two-dimensional space subject to a fixed density of food distributed at random. Each tunnel advances for successive segments of unitary length, with directions deviating from that of it predecessor for an aleatory angle evenly distributed between . -&#945; and &#945; . Each termite is characterized by a gain factor gk, and an activity A(t) that evolves in time according to expression: Ak(t + 1) = tanh(Ak(t)gk). If this activity reaches a minimum value, the termite returns to the nest, restoring your activity to the maximum (A=1). Each tunnel is characterized by quantity of pheromone trail that increases when a termite finds food or enters in that tunnel. However, the quantity of pheromone in a tunnel is reduced at a given rate after each time step, that is, after the progress of all tunnels. After tl time steps, new termites penetrate in tunnels; the choice in which of them to enter is proportional to the amount of pheromone. Finally a tunnel can bifurcate, creating a new one, if the amount of termites in it overcome a fixed value. In addition to the structure of the foraging tunnels, we modeled the social facilitation in termites inside a tunnel of size L. In this model, a termite will be inactive if your activity reach a minimum value Amin. If two termites encounter, their activities are restored to the maximum. The foraging efficiency associated to the tunnels is characterized as a function of the maximum deviation angle &#945; , the pheromone decay rate and the number of termites inside of a tunnel necessary for the creation of a new one. For the process of social facilitation we presented the evolution in time of density of active termites. The spatio-temporal patterns for tunnels formation and social facilitation process are also presented. / Há um grande interesse no entendimento dos princípios dinâmicos que dão origem aos padrões espaço-temporais gerados por organismos vivos. Padrões auto-organizados complexos são vistos desde colônias de bactérias, de insetos sociais até a sociedade humana. Entre eles encontram-se os padrões de forrageamento animal associados a estratégias de busca sistemática por fontes de alimento. Nesta dissertação propomos um modelo para o forrageamento de cupins subterrâneos; tal modelo consiste de cupins que constroem túneis em um plano bidimensional infinito sujeito a uma densidade fixa de alimento distribuída aleatoriamente. Cada túnel avança por sucessivos segmentos lineares de comprimento unitário cujas direções desviam-se das dos seus antecessores por um ângulo aleatório distribuído uniformemente entre. -&#945; e &#945;. Cada cupim é caracterizado por um fator de ganho gk e uma atividade A(t) que evolui no tempo de acordo com a expressão: Ak (t+1) = tanh (Ak(t) gk). Se essa atividade atingir um valor mínimo, o cupim volta para o ninho, restaurando sua atividade ao máximo (A=1). Cada túnel é caracterizado por uma quantidade de feromônio de trilha que aumenta quando um cupim encontra comida ou entra nesse túnel. Porém, a quantidade de feromônio no túnel é reduzida em uma dada taxa depois de cada passo de tempo, isto é, após ser feito o avanço de todos os túneis. A cada tl passos de tempo, novos cupins penetram nos túneis; a escolha em qual deles entrar é proporcional à quantidade de feromônio. Finalmente um túnel poderá bifurcar, dando origem a um novo túnel, se a quantidade de cupins neste superar um valor fixado. Além da estrutura dos túneis de forrageamento, modelamos a facilitação social em cupins dentro de um túnel de tamanho L. Nesse modelo um cupim ficará inativo se sua atividade atingir um valor mínimo Amin. Caso dois cupins se encontrem, suas atividades são restauradas ao máximo. A eficiência do forrageamento por meio de túneis é caracterizada em função do ângulo máximo de desvio &#945; , da taxa de decaimento de feromônio e do número de cupins dentro de um túnel necessários para a criação de um novo túnel. Para o processo de facilitação social apresentamos como a densidade de cupins ativos variam no tempo. Os padrões espaço-temporais tanto para a formação de túneis quanto para o processo de facilitação social também são apresentados.

Os institutos jurídicos têm estreita relação com sua base econômica. Nos contratos de seguro essa afirmação é de fundamental importância, sendo o contrato a face jurídica de uma complexa operação econômica. O desenvolvimento do instituto levou ao reconhecimento da essencialidade da empresarialidade do seguro. Há acentuada controvérsia na doutrina acerca da natureza comutativa ou aleatória do contrato de seguro. O ponto central desta dissertação é no sentido de que o Código Civil de 2002 adotou a garantia como a prestação principal do segurador, o que importa no reconhecimento de sua natureza comutativa. O mesmo Código reconheceu a empresarialidade como elemento essencial do contrato. A comutatividade permite o exame das obrigações e deveres a cargo das partes num contexto de equilíbrio. O trabalho finalmente propõe que a interpretação e aplicação do contrato de seguro observem o caráter comutativo e a base técnica do negócio. / Legal institutions have a close relationship with their economic fundaments. In the insurance contract, this statement is of great importance as it is the legal face of a complex economic operation. The development of the institution has led to the acknowledgment of the entrepreneurial side of the insurance as an essential attribute of the contract. There is a strong dispute on the nature of the contract, if it is an aleatory contract or a certain contract. The main point of this essay is in the sense that the Civil Code of 2002 has adopted the guarantee as the main obligation of the insurer, which represents the acknowledgement of its nature of a certain contract. This nature of the contract permits the examination of the obligations and duties of the parties in a context of equilibrium. The essay finally proposes that the interpretation and construction of the insurance contract observe both the character of a certain contract and its technical fundaments.

When John Cage invented the prepared piano in 1940, he created a sound world and body of music unlike anything heard before. The innovative music he wrote for prepared piano requires a completely new approach to performance, and expands our understanding of the piano's capabilities. This study will examine the main prepared piano works by John Cage, with a detailed analysis of the Sonatas and Interludes. Cage's Table of Preparations will be examined to establish an aesthetic rationale for this preparation. Different modes of listening will be explored through a selection of the Sonatas and Interludes recorded in three different technological systems - conventional AB 2.0, surround 5.1, and Disk Jecklin. The latter allows for a true "surround sound" experience as Cage himself might have heard his own pieces. Included is a compact disc of selections from Sonatas and Interludes recorded in each of the three technological systems. / by Inara Ferreira. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2010. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2010. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

This study is concerned with the role of sound in the presentation and representation of bodies in performance art that incorporates digital technologies. It consists of a written thesis accompanied by a portfolio with documentation of original artwork. Since the 1960s, performance artists have explored the use of sensor technologies to register signals generated by the body and synthesize or control sound. However, both practical and theoretical approaches to biosignal sonification in this field have almost entirely focused on musical (formalist) perspectives, technological innovation, or heightening the performer's and spectator's awareness of their body's physiology. Little attention has been paid to the usually conspicuous interaction between body and technological equipment and the role of the generated sound in the context of cultural critical debates regarding the performing body. The present study responds to this observation in two ways: Firstly, the written part of the study examines existing biosignal performance practices. It seeks to demonstrate that artists' decisions on the design of sensor technology and sound synthesis or manipulation methods are often complicit in the representation of normative body types and behaviour. Drawing from a concept of the sonified body as a transgressive or ‘freak' body, three critical perspectives on biosignal sonification in digital performance are proposed: A reading of body sonification methods from a gender-critical perspective, an inquiry in the context of Mikhail Bakhtin's concepts of the grotesque and the classical body, and a conceptualization of the sonified body as a posthuman prosthetisized body. This part of the study serves as a framework for its second objective: the development of practical performance strategies to address and challenge cultural conventions concerning ‘the' body's form and role in society. This aspect of the thesis is developed in conjunction with, and further explored in, the artwork documented in the portfolio. The practical part of the study consists of three digital performance works. ELECTRODE (2011) involves an anal electrode that registers the activity of my sphincter muscle and uses this data to synthesize sound. For this work, I modified a commercially available muscle tension sensor device designed for people with faecal incontinence problems. Feedback (2010) encompasses components of a commercially available fetal Doppler sensor intended to listen to the heartbeat of unborn babies. SUIT (2009-2010) encompasses several performances that feature a PVC overall equipped with a loudspeaker, sensor interface and Doppler and humidity sensors.

This document contains a synopsis of Toshi Ichiyanagi’s compositional style, a discussion of his musical philosophy, and an analysis of Trio Webster. Ichiyanagi is a renowned Japanese composer who studied in New York under John Cage’s mentorship. He is also the first composer to introduce Cage’s concept of chance operation to Japanese society. Trio Webster realizes the true exchange of Western and Eastern cultures, and it is accomplished because of Ichiyanagi’s unique experience and philosophy as an international composer. The concept of Japanese classical music and Japanese aesthetics are observed in Trio Webster which is the basis for the depth of the work. Eastern concepts, especially Japanese, can be ambiguous and may be difficult for Westerners to fully appreciate. This study shows the cosmos beyond the practical analysis of Trio Webster and is meant to serve as a guide for those who will perform the works of Ichiyanagi, especially Trio Webster, in the future. This study was facilitated through research and interviews with Ichiyanagi and members of the Webster Trio. Ichiyanagi’s interview is included as an appendix to this document.

Orientador: Aci Taveira Meyer / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T21:14:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosa_LiliadeOliveira_D.pdf: 4441858 bytes, checksum: 53564442162a3cc196ba783dfe47aadc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é estudar três peças aleatórias do compositor pelotense Luiz Carlos Lessa Vinholes - Instrução 61, para quatro instrumentos quaisquer (1961); Instrução 62, para instrumentos de teclado (1962); e Peça/Pessa para fazer Psiu/Xi, para bocas (1979) - e, a partir da análise deste material, criar atividades pedagógicas para o uso em salas de musicalização com crianças na faixa-etária de seis a dez anos de idade. O trabalho desenvolveu-se a partir das seguintes questões: Como estimular a imaginação e a criatividade da criança? Quais tipos de músicas ou obras contemporâneas seriam adequados para tal propósito? As peças de Vinholes apresentam-se como possível resposta para estas questões, justamente por serem aleatórias e não exigirem dos usuários qualquer conhecimento musical tradicional ou, ainda, por utilizarem novos códigos ou notações de fácil leitura ou entendimento. Para a comprovação da hipótese, a pesquisadora utilizou-se da abordagem qualitativa, privilegiando a obtenção de dados descritivos mediante contato direto e interativo com a situação objeto de estudo. Na fundamentação, as principais abordagens pedagógicas da segunda metade do século XX foram discutidas, no intuito de compreender os pressupostos educacionais de pedagogos contemporâneos e contextualizar as peças de Vinholes no âmbito educacional. O trabalho propõe, ainda, a criação de um site para a preservação e divulgação da vida e obra de Vinholes, bem como da presente pesquisa. A autora acredita que este trabalho possa contribuir para o surgimento de novas reflexões, hipóteses, estudos e pesquisas no âmbito da pedagogia musical e do repertório contemporâneo e, principalmente, na formação e postura didática de futuros professores de música e musicalização / Abstract: The main objective of this research is to study three aleatory pieces by the composer from Pelotas/RS Luiz Carlos Lessa Vinholes: Instrução 61, for any four instruments (1961); Instrução 62, for keyboard instruments (1962); and Peça/Pessa para fazer Psiu/Xi, for mouthes (1979) and, from the analysis of this material, create pedagogical activities for use in musicalization classes with children from six to ten years old. This work has been developed from the following questions: How to stimulate the child's imagination and creativity? What kind of music or contemporary works would be appropriate for such purpose? The pieces by L. C. Vinholes are presented as possible answers to these questions, precisely because they are aleatory, do not require any knowledge of traditional music and, better yet, for using new codes and notation of easy reading and understanding. To prove this hypothesis, the researcher used the qualitative approach focusing on obtaining descriptive data through direct and interactive contact with the object of study situation. In the grounds, the main pedagogical approaches of the second half of the twentieth century were discussed in order to understand the educational assumptions of contemporary educators and contextualize the pieces by Vinholes in the educational scope. The paper also proposes the creation of a site for the preservation and dissemination of some aspects of the activities and work of L. C. Vinholes, as well as to make available the present research. The author believes that this work can contribute to the rise of a new thinking, assumptions, studies and researches in the field of music pedagogy and contemporary repertoire, especially in training and didactic/pedagogical attitude of teachers of music and musicalization / Doutorado / Doutor em Música

Os institutos jurídicos têm estreita relação com sua base econômica. Nos contratos de seguro essa afirmação é de fundamental importância, sendo o contrato a face jurídica de uma complexa operação econômica. O desenvolvimento do instituto levou ao reconhecimento da essencialidade da empresarialidade do seguro. Há acentuada controvérsia na doutrina acerca da natureza comutativa ou aleatória do contrato de seguro. O ponto central desta dissertação é no sentido de que o Código Civil de 2002 adotou a garantia como a prestação principal do segurador, o que importa no reconhecimento de sua natureza comutativa. O mesmo Código reconheceu a empresarialidade como elemento essencial do contrato. A comutatividade permite o exame das obrigações e deveres a cargo das partes num contexto de equilíbrio. O trabalho finalmente propõe que a interpretação e aplicação do contrato de seguro observem o caráter comutativo e a base técnica do negócio. / Legal institutions have a close relationship with their economic fundaments. In the insurance contract, this statement is of great importance as it is the legal face of a complex economic operation. The development of the institution has led to the acknowledgment of the entrepreneurial side of the insurance as an essential attribute of the contract. There is a strong dispute on the nature of the contract, if it is an aleatory contract or a certain contract. The main point of this essay is in the sense that the Civil Code of 2002 has adopted the guarantee as the main obligation of the insurer, which represents the acknowledgement of its nature of a certain contract. This nature of the contract permits the examination of the obligations and duties of the parties in a context of equilibrium. The essay finally proposes that the interpretation and construction of the insurance contract observe both the character of a certain contract and its technical fundaments.