Three flight simulator experiments examined how a health monitoring system may aid pilots in detecting flight control faults. The first experiment introduced an unexpected fault in the flight control system during an approach to a fictitious airport. The second experiment used a factorial design of (1) presence ?? notof a Fault Meter display and (2) presence ?? not ?? an Alerting System, which could have one or two phased alerts. In half the runs, a fault was triggered at some point, and pilot response was recorded. The next experiment comprised one flight in which pilots were given a false alarm by these systems, testing for automation bias. No consistent pilot response was found to the faults, with pilots sometimes successfully landing the aircraft, sometimes immediately or eventually initiating a go-around, and sometimes loosing aircraft control and crashing. The pilots were not able to identify the fault in 11% of the cases. Tunnel tracking error increased following the faults and the false alarm, suggesting it may be both a manifestation of attempts to diagnose a fault and a cue to pilots of a problem. Finally, the triggering of a false alarm showed the existence of automation bias induced after a small number of interactions with the HMS.

The goal of this research is increased safety in aviation. Aviation is a highly automated and complex, as well as, safety critical human-machine system. The pilot communicates with the system via a human-machine interface in cockpit. In an alerting situation this interface is in part an auditory alerting system. Human errors are often consequences of actions brought about by poor design. Pilots complain that they may be both disturbed and annoyed of alerts, which may affect performance, especially in non-normal situations when the mental workload is high. This research is based on theories in ergonomics and cognitive engineering with the assumption that improved human performance within a system increase safety. Cognitive engineering is a design philosophy for reducing the effort required by cognitive functions by changing the technical interface, which may lead to improved performance. Knowledge of human abilities and limitations and multidisciplinary interrelated theories between humans, sounds and warnings are used. Several methods are involved in this research, such as literature studies, field studies, controlled experiments and simulations with pilots. This research defines design requirements for sounds appropriate in auditory alerts as Natural Warning Sounds. For example, they have a natural meaning within the user’s context, are compatible with the auditory information process, are pleasant to listen to (not annoying), are easy to learn and are clearly audible. A design process for auditory alerting systems is suggested. It includes methods of associability and sound imagery, which develop Natural Warning Sounds, and combines these with an appropriate presentation format. Associability is introduced and represents the required effort to associate sounds to their assigned alert function meaning. An associable sound requires less effort and fewer cognitive resources. Soundimagary is used to develop sound images. A sound image is a sound, which by its acoustics characteristics has a particular meaning to someone without prior training in a certain context. Simulations of presentation formats resulted in recommendations for cancellation capabilities and avoiding continuously repeated alerts. This research brings related theories closer to practice and demonstrates general methods that will allow designers, together with the users of the system, to apply them in their own system. / QC 20100910

An increasing number of people in Sweden are having problems with their hearing ability. The three major tools to aid hearing-impaired and deaf individuals are: hearing aids, special telephony, and alerting systems. Both hearing aids and telephony have seen a huge technical development. Hearing aids have gone from huge ponderous devices to small delicate in-ear devices. Simple text telephones have evolved into total conversation telephones with audio, video, and text all operating in real time. Although smart lamps and other alerting services not specifically made for hearing-impaired individuals do exist, the development of alerting system is unsatisfactory. The gap in technology is a huge problem and integration between modern products and alerting systems is getting harder. This thesis explores how to close this gap. The result of this thesis project is a prototype that provides the missing technological link between an alerting systems and modern smart devices. An eventual product should support all kinds of services, but the prototype is limited to solving the problem of connecting an alerting system to a modern total conversation telephones. The prototype was evaluated and based on the evaluation data a timeline was created. An overall positive response towards the product exists and the timeline had adding more third party services (such as Skype and FaceTime) as a high priority. The complete timeline as well as adding Signal Initiation Protocol support is left as future work. / I Sverige har antalet personer med hörselskada ökat de senaste åren. För att hjälpa de med hörselproblem finns det tre viktiga hjälpmedel: hörapparater, special telefoner och varseblivningssystem. Stora teknologiska framsteg har skett för både hörapparater och special telefoner. Hörapparater har gått från stora otympliga apparater till små nätta anordningar som man har i örat. Enkla texttelefoner är idag komplexa system som stödjer både video, ljud och text i realtid. Även fast smarta lampor och andra varseblivningsprodukter existerar så är utveckling för varseblivning speciellt gjorda hörselskadade och döva undermåliga. Gapet som skapats mellan moderna varseblivningsprodukter och varseblivning som hjälpmedel växer sig allt större. Denna rapport ska undersöka detta gap. Resultatet av detta projekt är en prototyp som tillhandahåller den teknologin som ska länka modern varseblivning och varseblivning som hjälpmedel. Den tänkta produkten kan användas för många olika tjänster men i detta projekt är den begränsad till total konversations telefoner. Prototypen har blivit utvärderad och en tidslinje, baserad på utvädringen, har skapats. Tidslinjen ska beskriva kommande tjänster och enheter som skall kunna användas tillsammans med prototypen. Det visar sig att den skapade prototypen blev positivt mottagen och att tjänster som Skype och Facetime skulle ha hög prioritering på tidslinjen.

The increasing number of electric and hybrid vehicles in urban areas has shown to be beneficial in reducing both air and noise pollution. However, the lack of sound when driving at low speed has negatively affected the pedestrian safety since many rely on the vehicle sound for orientation. Regulatory bodies have therefore introduced minimum sound requirements for all silent vehicles, which has resulted in a key challenge for car manufacturers to develop external warning signature sounds. The objective of this project has been to study how these signals should sound in order to fit the image of electric and hybrid vehicles and minimize noise and annoyance. To complete the study, five sound concepts with different characteristics and rhythms were developed using the concept generation process. In order to gain subjective impressions of the sounds, three measurement methods were utilized. The first listening test was performed to eliminate the possibility that the sound samples would be perceived variously loud in the upcoming tests. The second listening test was performed to gain information on how suitable the signals are for electric and hybrid vehicles, and the third listening test was conducted to obtain information on how much annoyance the signals contributed with. A reference signal representing an internal combustion engine was included in the tests as well. The results of the measurement methods showed that the sound samples with long tone sequences were more preferred than those with short tone sequences, and that the artificial approach was more popular than the sound of an internal combustion engine vehicle. It was also established that additional tests need to be performed in order to confirm that these results are valid. It was suggested that field tests should be conducted and that new sound concepts should be developed based on the results of these tests.

No description available.

This abstract introduces the wearable-based alerting system for emergency situations for both disabled and non-disabled individuals. The system sends advanced technology to detect various emergencies like fire alerts, flood alerts, outside air contamination etc, for the emergency services and it gives a signal in the form of vibration for the user. AdafruitIO is a platform created to show, react to, and interact with the data from the project. The most important problem statement revolves around the need for an inclusive and green emergency alert machine that caters to the various desires of people, which include people with disabilities. The device’s primary objective is to ensure the protection and nicely-being of users in emergency scenarios. To address this problem, a wearable device is utilized as a verbal exchange interface between the user and the emergency services. The device is prepared with signal receiving capable of detecting precise emergency occasions, together with modifications in high-quality air or strange environmental conditions. When an emergency is detected, the device promptly sends a signal to the applicable emergency services, ensuring a quick reaction. The findings of this research focus on the effectiveness and reliability of the wearable-primarily based alerting machine. Through rigorous testing and assessment, it has been validated that the machine can as it should come across a huge variety of emergency situations, making certain well-timed communication with emergency services. In conclusion, this study provides a wearable-based totally alerting device that addresses the desires of both disabled and non-disabled people in emergency conditions. By exploiting advanced technology and the AdafruitIO platform, the device presents actual-time indicators to emergency services even as turning in spontaneous feedback to the user. This modern answer enhances basic safety and inclusivity through important activities, supplying a promising future for emergency response systems.