The cross-sectional form of semi-alluvial bedrock channels was investigated. Channel geometry data were collected from a variety of streams in Ontario and Québec, Canada to develop empirical downstream scaling relationships. The relationships revealed that bedrock, mixed, and alluvial channels scale at similar rates with respect to discharge. The widest channels were formed in low-relief sedimentary bedrock with minimal alluvial cover. Channels influenced by resistant igneous/metamorphic bedrock produced a strong scaling relationship, whereas channels influenced by weak sedimentary bedrock produced a weak scaling relationship. Alluvial cover appeared to exhibit more control on channel width in low-relief settings in comparison to high-relief settings, with increased alluvial cover promoting channel narrowing. Channels influenced by igneous/metamorphic bedrock produced identifiable thalwegs, presumably due to well-defined bedload transport pathways. Channels influenced by sedimentary bedrock tended to have planar beds. Additionally, fish habitat was investigated at one semi-alluvial bedrock stream in Ontario, Canada. Fish sampling was conducted at proximate bedrock and alluvial sections followed by a survey of physical habitat parameters to evaluate habitat preferences. Adult logperch (Percina caprodes), juvenile white sucker (Catostomus commersonii), adult round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), and adult longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae) demonstrated preference toward alluvial substrate, whereas juvenile logperch and adult banded killifish (Fundulus diaphanus) demonstrated preference toward bedrock. Juvenile silver shiner (Notropis photogenis) and juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were indifferent to substrate type. Empirical depth and flow velocity habitat suitability indices (HSIs) were developed for each fish species. This study presents the first fish habitat suitability criteria developed from a small semi-alluvial bedrock stream and may provide valuable information for fisheries management endeavours in such environments.

La nappe superficielle de la plaine d’Avignon, située entre le Rhône et la Durance, présente les caractéristiques d’une nappe péri urbaine, avec un secteur agricole étendu, mais dont la surface se réduit rapidement sous l’effet de l’extension urbaine et du développement économique. Peu profonde et proche de la surface, cette nappe est directement sous l’influence des eaux de surface. En particulier, l’eau de la Durance participe fortement à la recharge soit directement soit indirectement via les nombreux canaux d’irrigation et donc localement de manière décalée par rapport au régime hydrologique méditerranéen. L’occupation des sols, et en particulier l’urbanisation, joue donc un rôle important sur le fonctionnement hydrodynamique. En particulier le recul des terres agricoles et la diminution parallèle des volumes d’irrigation tendent à réduire la recharge de la nappe.Pour essayer d’anticiper les conséquences de cette évolution, la présente étude vise à proposer un modèle de fonctionnement hydrogéologique de la zone intégrant le rôle du sol et de son usage. Il fallait pour cela compléter les connaissances sur le fonctionnement de la nappe préciser les conditions aux limites et établir un bilan en eau au pas de temps mensuel. Ce travail repose sur une démarche multi-approches utilisant, en particulier, la complémentarité entre le suivi piézométrique et la technique du traçage naturel de l'eau (traceurs chimiques et isotopiques). Les différentes approches ont permis de localiser et de quantifier les trois principales composantes de la recharge : la Durance ou la recharge latérale, l’irrigation et la pluie ou la recharge verticale. Cette dernière est contrôlée surtout par la nature et l’usage du sol. Très clairement, la majeure partie de cette recharge se trouve dans des zones encore irriguées qui apportent un volume moyen annuel de 19 Mm3. Avec une moyenne annuelle de 135 mm, la recharge par la pluie joue un rôle secondaire. Son impact sur la nappe est visible en dehors des zones irriguées en particulier en amont de la plaine sur les versants des collines qui bordent la plaine à l’Est. Cet apport de la pluie n’est plus visible dans la partie médiane, fortement diluée par les eaux d’irrigation. Plus à l’ouest en zone urbaine, l’effet de la pluie est réduit et discontinu à cause des surfaces imperméabilisées ; il subit en outre une dilution par l’apport des eaux de la Durance. L’importance de la recharge par la Durance a été confirmée par une modélisation hydrodynamique et du transfert du signal isotopique. Elle constitue l’entrée principale du système avec un volume moyen de 70 Mm3/an. Les résultats de différents scénarios du modèle numérique valident les ordres de grandeur de différentes composantes et les caractéristiques de l’écoulement (direction, vitesse…) et montrent que dans le cas d’un abandon de l’irrigation, la baisse piézométrique serait de l’ordre de 3 m sous les périmètres irrigués. La nappe retrouverait alors les fluctuations piézométriques naturelles sous la dépendance de la pluie d’une part et de la Durance d’autre part. En fonction de son régime futur, l’alimentation par la Durance pourrait augmenter et compenser une partie de la baisse vers l’intérieur de la plaine. / The groundwater system of the alluvial plain of Avignon, located between the Rhone and the Durance rivers, is characterized by an expanded agricultural area, whose surface is rapidly shrinking due to urban sprawl and economic development. This shallow aquifer is directly under the influence of surface water. In particular, the Durance water is heavily involved in the recharge process either directly or indirectly via the numerous irrigation canals and therefore with a time shift according to the Mediterranean hydrological regime. Land use, particularly urbanization, plays an important role on the hydrodynamic occurrence. In particular, the loss of agricultural land and accordingly the reduction in irrigation volumes tend to reduce groundwater recharge. To anticipate the consequences of these developments, this study aimed at proposing a hydrogeological model of the area including the role of land use. First of all, This required a better understanding of the aquifer system, namely specify boundary conditions and establish a monthly water balance An experimental investigation was carried out using different approaches including water level monitoring and environmental tracing of water (chemical and isotopic tracers). This work enabled us locating and quantifying the three main components of recharge: Durance or lateral recharge, irrigation and rainfall or vertical recharge. This recharge proved to be controlled primarily by the soil nature and land use. Clearly, much of this recharge occur in irrigated areas which provide an average annual volume of 19 millions m3. With an annual average of 135 mm, recharge by the rainfall plays a secondary role. Its impact on the groundwater was observed out of the irrigated lands especially, on the eastern boundaries of the plain. This contribution of rainfall was no longer detected downwards, where irrigation water was getting predominant in the recharge process. In urban areas down west, the effect of rainfall drops owing to the increase of impervious surfaces and the rising of Durance influence.. The importance of the recharge from the Durance was confirmed by hydrodynamic and isotope transfer modeling. It is the main input to the system with an average volume of 70 millions m3 / year.

Dans le but de mieux comprendre les facteurs agissant sur le milieu fluvial à l’échelle plurimillénaire, ainsi que les effets de la dynamique alluviale sur la préservation de l’information archéologique, une étude géoarchéologique a été menée sur quatre fenêtres des vallées de la Loire, de la Saône et du Doubs en Bourgogne (France). À partir de sites de franchissement romains et d’un pont médiéval, retrouvés dans le chenal actuel, puis en étendant les recherches à d’autres secteurs, l’évolution des lits mineur et majeur au cours de l’Holocène a été reconstituée. Des informations de natures diverses, datées et spatialisées, ont été croisées : pour les deux derniers siècles, principalement les plans et vues aériennes contemporains, tandis que les périodes plus anciennes sont abordées grâce aux indices archéologiques, à l’analyse géomorphologique du lit majeur et, principalement, aux archives sédimentaires. Ces dernières ont été analysées du point de vue de la sédimentologie de faciès afin d’identifier les processus à l’origine des dépôts. Les grandes étapes de l’évolution des trois grands cours d’eau étudiés, une fois identifiées et datées, ont été confrontées aux données existantes afin d’interroger l’influence qu’ont pu avoir les fluctuations climatiques et les activités humaines sur la dynamique alluviale. La reconstitution de l’évolution du milieu au cours de l’Holocène permet enfin d’aborder la question de la conservation des données archéologiques en domaine alluvial, propice à l’implantation humaine, mais où l’information est la plupart du temps masquée par une succession de processus taphonomiques. / A geoarchaeological study was led on four sections of the valleys of the Loire, Saône and Doubs rivers (Burgundy, France) in order to point out the factors influencing the alluvial dynamics on a multimillennial scale, and their effects on the preservation of archaeological information. Investigations started by roman and medieval remains of bridges discovered in active channels, were then carried out on larger parts of alluvial plains, and altogether allowed the evolutions of the channels during the Holocene period to be deducted. Various types of information on alluvial characteristics were crossed through time and space: ancient maps and XXth century or aerial photographs for centennial scale, archaeological data, geomorphological analysis, but mostly alluvial deposits for older periods. Facies analyses on fluvial sediments led to the identification and the reconstitution of successive sedimentary environments through time. The main steps of the evolution of the three rivers, after being identified and dated, were compared to previous studies in order to estimate the respective roles of climatic changes and anthropic influence on alluvial dynamics, on this regional scale, during the Holocene. Preservation of archaeological information in fluvial deposits is therefore discussed here, to reach a better understanding of taphonomic issues in such environmennts, which are potentially rich in archaeological remains.

This paper presents an investigation of sedimentary deposition, soil formation, and pedoturbation in the Animas River Valley to determine the provenience of archaeological deposits in an open field at Aztec Ruins National Monument, NM outside of the Greathouse complex. Four stratigraphic pedounits correlated with active fan deposition have been proposed for the lower terrace in the project area with only one of these units retaining strong potential for buried archaeological deposits from the Anasazi late Pueblo II/Pueblo III period. The distal fan on the lower terrace and the Animas River floodplain appear to show poor potential for archaeological deposits either due to shallow sediment overburden with historic disturbance or alluvial activity during or after occupation. Based on these findings, four other zones of similar fan development have been identified throughout the Animas Valley and are recommended for subsurface testing during future cultural resource investigations.

The research project “Beethovens Werkstatt” is intended as a contribution to basic musicological research. Methods, concepts and digital components developed in this project using the example of Beethoven are meant to be transferable to other composers. In my paper, I choose Robert Schumann as an example to test this transferability. Concepts that were developed in the course of the first module of “Beethovens Werkstatt” aim at the reconstruction and digital representation of genetic variants. They are based on research on the composer’s work processes. Fundamental aspects of this research include, for example, the temporality of the writing process; the composer’s self-critical dialogue with what he has already written; the work routines that may lie behind it (can certain compositional strategies be derived from them?). These questions are not only specific to Beethoven. They can generally be asked in connection with other composers. However, a prerequisite for an insightful research is a good record of handwritten texts and manuscripts. Due to the rich source material and Schumann’s habit of documenting many details in his diaries and working manuscripts, a text-genetic and digital analysis of his working methods is particularly suitable.

No description available.

This study identified marginal agricultural lands in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley using crop yield predicting models. The Random Forest Regression (RFR) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) models were trained and validated using county-level crop yield data, climate data, soil properties, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The RFR model outperformed MLR model in estimating soybean and corn yields, with an index of agreement (d) of 0.98 and 0.96, Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) of 0.88 and 0.93, and root mean square error (RMSE) of 9.34% and 5.84%, respectively. Marginal agricultural lands were estimated to 26,366 hectares using cost and sales price in 2021 while they were estimated to 623,566 hectares using average cost and sales price from 2016 to 2021. The results provide valuable information for land use planners and farmers to update field crops and plan alternative land uses that can generate higher returns while conserving these marginal lands.

The parallel development of archaeology and Quaternary geology in several regions of the world is reviewed, and common problems in dating and correlating alluvial sequences are discussed. Buried archaeological remains and radiometric dates provide a chronological framework for the sequence of Late Quaternary alluvial deposits in the central Jordan Rift. While previous studies emphasized a simple, two-stage model of Late Quaternary alluvial deposition, regional comparisons of the geomorphological contexts of archaeological sites of different ages indicate complex, multiple depositional and erosional cycles. These cycles were influenced by tectonism, climatic changes, human land use, and natural geomorphic thresholds, sometimes in combination. The stratigraphy and chronology of early agricultural settlements in the valley are summarized, and investigations at a protohistoric agricultural town are described. Major regional shifts in prehistoric and protohistoric patterns of agriculture and settlement are interpreted in terms of the impacts of changes in alluvial regimes. These correlations have implications for models of agricultural origins, and the stability and resilience of sedentary settlements in dry lands.

Dans un contexte de destruction des zones humides à l’échelle mondiale, conséquence des activités d’origine anthropique, la restauration écologique de ces milieux et de leurs fonctions est devenue un enjeu écologique et sociétal. L’objectif de ce projet est de recréer des prairies humides à vocation agricole aux caractéristiques pédologiques et floristiques aussi proches que possible de celles des prairies totalement détruites par l’exploitation de matériaux alluvionnaires. L’étude présentée ici se focalise sur l’incidence des matériaux pédologiques utilisés pour la recréation de quatre sols sur les fonctions du sol et les cortèges floristiques associés. L’hypothèse principale est que la recréation d’un sol morphologiquement proche de celui détruit devrait permettre d’orienter la restauration écologique.L’hypothèse sous-jacente est qu’en utilisant différents matériaux pédologiques locaux, on hérite de leurs caractéristiques physico-chimiques et biologiques ce qui permettait de conserver les fonctions pédologiques qui leur sont associées et favorisait le retour d’un cortège floristique compatible avec un usage agricole. La première partie est consacrée à l’étude de deux fonctions remplies par les sols de zones humides à savoir le stockage du carbone organique et la dénitrification. Deux années et demi après la fin des travaux de comblement de ballastières, ces deux fonctions sont conservées au sein des quatre types de sols recréés. Les principaux résultats montrent un niveau d’efficience des matériaux pédologiques testés, fonction de leur sol origine et de leurs caractéristiques physico-chimiques. La deuxième partie est consacrée à l’étude des mécanismes de structuration des communautés végétales. Le suivi de la colonisation spontanée de la végétation a permis d’appréhender la forte contribution de la banque de graines issue des matériaux pédologiques locaux. Malgré la mise en évidence d’un début de trajectoires dynamiques au sein des quatre sols recréés, la similarité entre les communautés obtenues et les communautés cibles des prairies de référence n’excède pas 50 %. Les productions de biomasses aériennes associées à ces communautés sont comparables en quantité à celles des prairies de référence mais pas en qualité. La mise en place d’une gestion par semis associée à une fauche montre dès la première année une production de biomasses de qualité se rapprochant de celles des prairies locales.La dernière partie de ce manuscrit est consacrée à l’effet de trois niveaux d’engorgement des sols sur le processus de dénitrification et sur les traits de réponse d’une espèce prairiale, Holcus lanatus. Placer les quatre matériaux pédologiques dans des conditions identiques d’engorgement permet de souligner l’importance de l’héritage des communautés bactériennes dénitrifiantes sur le processus de dénitrification. Parallèlement, ces conditions expérimentales permettent de mettre en évidence les traits de réponses morphologiques et fonctionnels de l’espèce considérée. À l’issue de ces suivis, le meilleur compromis de restauration alliant sol, végétation et coûts économiques doit prendre en considération l’origine et l’histoire (i.e. gestion) des matériaux utilisés lors de la recréation écologique. / In a worldwide context of wetland destruction, a consequence of anthropic activities, ecological restoration of such habitats and their functions has become a societal and ecological issue. The objective of this project is to recreate agriculture-oriented wet grasslands with pedological and floristical properties as similar as possible to typical grasslands destroyed by alluvial materials extraction. The study presented here focuses on the impact of pedological materials, used in the re-creation of four soils, on soil functions and associated floristic processions. The main hypothesis is that re-creation of a soil morphologically similar to the previously destroyed one should drive ecological restoration. The underlying hypothesis is that different local pedological materials inherit their previous physicochemical and biological properties. This should conserve associated pedological functions and favor the return of a floristic procession compatible with agricultural exploitation. The first part is dedicated to the study of carbon storage and denitrification, two wetlands soils functions. These two functions are retained within the four re-created soils two and a half year after gravel-pit filling. Main results highlight functional efficiency levels of tested pedological material inherited from their respective initial topsoil physico-chemical properties. The second part is devoted to the study of mechanisms structuring plant communities. The high contribution of local pedological materials seed bank during the colonization process and its impact on aforementioned mechanisms was highlighted from our monitoring. Despite demonstration of the start of a dynamic trajectory in the four created soils similarity between obtained and target communities never exceeds 50%. Aerial biomass production associated to these communities is comparable to the production in reference wet grasslands in terms of quantity, but not quality. Implementation of management (sowing and mowing) shows biomass production of comparable quality to reference grassland from the first year onwards. The last part focuses on the effect of three soil waterlogging levels on the denitrification process and the response traits of Holcus lanatus, a meadow species. Pedological materials placement in identical waterlogging conditions highlights the importance of denitrifying bacteria communities inheritance on the denitrification process. These experimental conditions also enabled us to highlight the considered species morphological and functional response traits. To conclude and following our monitoring the best compromise for concurrent restoration of soil and vegetation while considering cost-effectiveness needs to account for topsoils origin and history (i.e. management).

The fault-bounded Cianzo basin represents a Cenozoic intermontane depocenter between the Puna plateau and Eastern Cordillera of the central Andean fold-thrust belt in northern Argentina. New characterizations of fold-thrust structure, nonmarine sedimentation, and sediment provenance for the shortening-induced Cianzo basin at 23°S help constrain the origin, interconnectedness, and subsequent uplift and exhumation of the basin, which may serve as an analogue for other intermontane hinterland basins in the Andes. Structural mapping of the Cianzo basin reveals SW and NE-plunging synclines within the >6000 m-thick, upsection coarsening Cenozoic clastic succession in the shared footwall of the N-striking, E-directed Cianzo thrust fault and transverse, NE-striking Hornocal fault. Growth stratal relationships within upper Miocene levels of the succession indicate syncontractional sedimentation directly adjacent to the Hornocal fault. Measured stratigraphic sections and clastic sedimentary lithofacies of Cenozoic basin-fill deposits show upsection changes from (1) a distal fluvial system recorded by vi fine-grained, paleosol-rich, heavily bioturbated sandstones and mudstones (Paleocene‒Eocene Santa Bárbara Subgroup, ~400 m), to (2) a braided fluvial system represented by cross-stratified sandstones and interbedded mudstones with 0.3 to 8 m upsection-fining sequences (Upper Eocene–Oligocene Casa Grande Formation, ~1400 m), to (3) a distributary fluvial system in the distal sectors of a distributary fluvial megafan represented by structureless sheetflood sandstones, stratified pebble conglomerates and sandstones, and interbedded overbank mudstones (Miocene Río Grande Formation, ~3300 m), to (4) a proximal alluvial fan system with thick conglomerates interbedded with thin discontinuous sandstone lenses (upper Miocene Pisungo Formation, ~1600 m). New 40Ar/39Ar geochronological results for five interbedded volcanic tuffs indicate distributary fluvial deposition of the uppermost Río Grande Formation from 16.31 ± 0.6 Ma to 9.69 ± 0.05 Ma. Sandstone petrographic results show distinct upsection trends in lithic and feldspar content in the Casa Grande, Río Grande, and Pisungo formations, potentially distinguishing western magmatic arc (Western Cordillera) sediment sources from evolving eastern thrust-belt sources (Puna‒Eastern Cordillera). In addition to growth stratal relationships and 40Ar/39Ar constraints, conglomerate clast compositions reflect distinct lithologic differences, constraining the activation of the Cianzo thrust and coeval movement on the reactivated Hornocal fault. Finally, U-Pb geochronological analyses of sandstone detrital zircon populations in conjunction with paleocurrent data and depositional facies patterns help distinguish localized sources from more distal sources west of the basin, revealing a systematic eastward advance of Eocene to Miocene fold-thrust deformation in the central Andes of northern Argentina. / text