O conhecimento detalhado da distribuição espacial dos solos e principalmente seus atributos torna-se essencial com a implantação da Agricultura de Precisão. Neste sentido, há a demanda por um grande número de análises químicas de solos. Porém, o custo destas análises é elevado, sendo um dos principais entraves para a avaliação da variabilidade espacial dos solos, tanto na área de manejo químico como em levantamentos pedológicos. Logo, o sensoriamento remoto surge como uma técnica alternativa e eficaz na obtenção de informações sobre a variabilidade espacial dos solos e de seus atributos químicos, físicos e mineralógicos nos diferentes tipos de aquisição de dados, mostrando-se promissor não só pela sua rapidez, mas também por ser uma técnica não destrutiva das amostras e livre de qualquer reagente químico. Desta forma, este trabalho tem por objetivos avaliar através de métodos convencionais de análise de terra e de sensoriamento remoto, as variações químicas ocorrentes em dois tipos de solos cultivados com milho, pela aplicação de corretivos com diferentes graus de reatividade. Além disso, este trabalho visa identificar bandas espectrais relacionadas com as mudanças químicas ocorridas no solo devido à aplicação de calcário, assim como calibrar e avaliar modelos de estimativa de atributos do solo, além de quantificar os valores de corretivos necessários numa amostra de terra. Para tal, dados químicos foram obtidos em laboratório através de métodos já consagrados e permitiram avaliar três calcários com diferentes reatividades. Já os dados radiométricos foram obtidos através do sensor FieldSpec Pro em laboratório na faixa de 350 2500 nm, para amostras de solos coletadas durante quatro ciclos de cultivo do milho. Os dados obtidos através da espectrorradiometria permitiram identificar possíveis bandas relacionadas com alguns atributos químicos dos solos; determinar os teores de atributos químicos dos solos a partir da metodologia utilizada; obter modelos de estimativa específicos para cada atributo químico dos dois solos estudados, assim como estimar a necessidade de calagem destes através de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto, havendo a possibilidade de redução das numerosas e demoradas análises químicas tradicionais, contribuindo desta forma para viabilização da prática da agricultura de precisão. / The detailed knowledge of spatial distribution of soils and mainly its attributes became essential with the Precision Agriculture implementation. Therefore, there is the demand for a high number of soil chemical analyses. However, these analyses cost is high, being one of the main impediments to evaluate the soil spatial variability, as in chemical management as in pedologycal surveys. However, the remote sensing rises as an alternative and efficient technique to obtain information about the soil spatial variability and its chemical, physical and mineralogical attributes in different kinds of data acquisition. Showing itself promising not just by its speed, but also because it is a non-destructive technique for the samples and do not uses any chemical reagents. In this way, the objectives of this work are to evaluate through conventional methods of soil analyses and remote sensing, the chemical modifications occurred in two soils cultivated with corn, by the lime application with products of different reaction degrees. Besides, this work seeks to identify spectral bands related to the chemical changes occurred in soil due to the lime application, as to calibrate and to evaluate the soil attributes estimation models, beyond to quantify the lime rate needed in a soil sample. For that, chemical data were obtained in lab through methods already consecrated and allowed to evaluate three lime products with different degrees of reaction. The radiometric data were obtained with the FieldSpec Pro sensor in lab in the range of 350 2500 nm, for soil samples collected during four corn cycles. The data obtained by spectroradiometry allowed to identify possible bands related with some soil chemical attributes; to determine the content of chemical attributes from the used methodology; to obtain specific estimative models for each chemical attribute of both studied soils, as to estimate the need of lime application using remote sensing techniques, with the possibility to reduce the amount of conventional chemical analyses, beyond to contribute to development of the practice of precision agriculture.

The boreal forest area around Flin Flon, MB, and Creighton, SK, has been the site of a metal mining and smelting complex since the 1930s. Smelter emissions, coupled with forest logging, forest fires, and subsequent soil erosion, have led to severe vegetation dieback and the development of soils containing a mixture of metals in varying concentrations. In affected areas, existing vegetation typically is stunted. Limestone applications to affected soils have served to increase pH and, in some instances, the vegetation has responded positively; however, in some areas limestone application has failed to restore vegetation, leading to an interest in examining the suitability of other soil amendments to affect revegetation in these areas. Typically revegetation programs focus on aboveground vegetation responses; however, healthy plant growth often is dependent on the presence of an equally healthy soil microbial community. Thus, this study attempted to link revegetation success with responses of the soil microbial community structure to various soil amendments. Two studies were conducted to determine the influence of soil amendments (biochar, municipal and manure compost, glauconite, and an arbuscular mycorrhizal/ectomycorrhizal inoculant) on plant growth and microbial community structure in two soils from the Flin Flon area, classified as containing high and low metal concentrations. The two studies evaluated the growth of boreal forest understory species American vetch (Vicia americana) and tufted hairgrass (Deschampsia caespitosa) and overstory species jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) after addition of soil amendments, and the subsequent effects on microbial community structure. Greenhouse experiments evaluated plant growth for a period of 8 weeks (understory species) or 19 weeks (overstory species), after which plants were analyzed for changes in biomass and metal accumulation in plant tissue. Soils were analyzed for available metal concentrations, as well as microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and phospholipid fatty acid concentration, which is a measure of microbial community structure. Significant effects were seen on plant growth and microbial community structure due to the metal concentrations in the soil, but no one amendment consistently impacted plant growth or metal uptake, or any measured microbial parameter. The results of this study indicate the variability of plant growth and microbial functioning in soils from the study site, as well as the inherent challenges associated with revegetating heavy metal affected soils, and underline the need for further research on plant growth and microbial community structure at this site.

Within the past three years, men's track and field teams were being eliminated in the Mid-American Conference (MAC). Gender equity legislation, namely Title IX, was being blamed for those cuts. By probing the beliefs and opinions of coaches and administrators, a more accurate representation of gender equity could be drawn. The focus of this study was to gain a greater understanding of how gender equity is perceived by Mid-American Conference (MAC) athletic administrators and coaches.Q-methodology was chosen as the most relevant method to achieve the desired outcome. This method would take the subjective opinions and beliefs of the subjects and transform them into numbers that could be analyzed. The resulting information would create factors, or groups,which would help draw some conclusions on the true impact of gender equity legislation in the MAC.The subjects of this study provided two distinct factors labeled: "Title IX Defenders" and "Title IX Amenders." Title IX Defenders felt adamant that Title IX should not be altered. They primarily wanted to protect the integrity of the legislation. Title IX Amenders felt that Title IX should be altered to prevent further damage to men's non-revenue athletes, while continuing to protect female athletes. / Department of Journalism

Diss. (sammanfattning). Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Auburn University, 2008. / Abstract. Includes bibliographic references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed September 23, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 166-174).

This document aims to expose some reflections on the dynamics of the concession contracts during the execution period, incomplete contracts that by its nature and by its long duration require an intensive work by the parties intended to interpret, define and / or clarify the agreed terms, as well as negotiation and signing of the new agreements to amend the text and, finally, the settlement of disputes. In addition to the characteristics of concession contracts described above, we also should take note of its unique and mixed nature, which is a consequence of the fact that this kind of contracts are rule by the public laws whose purpose is to safeguard the public interest through the implementation of infrastructure projects and public services - and also by the private laws- in which takes precedence the autonomy of the parties, consent and good faith. This article reviews how it is that these characteristics of the Concession Contract have been reflected in our legal system and, if necessary, make some kind of conformity and / or correction. / El presente documento tiene como objetivo exponer algunas reflexiones sobre la dinámica de los Contratos de Concesión durante la etapa de ejecución contractual, contratos que por su naturaleza incompleta y por su larga duración requieren de una labor intensa por las partes destinada a interpretar, precisar y/o aclarar los términos contractuales acordados, así como de negociación y suscripción de acuerdos de modificación del texto contractual y, por último, de solución de las controversias que se pudieran originar. En adición a las características de los contratos de concesión antes descritas, debe tenerse presente su singular carácter mixto derivado de la aplicación del régimen administrativo, cuya finalidad es salvaguardar el interés público a través de la ejecución de proyectos de infraestructura y servicios públicos, y, a su vez, de la aplicación del régimen civil, en el cual prima, la autonomía de las partes, el consentimiento y la buena fe. El presente artículo pretende revisar cómo es que dichas características del Contrato de Concesión han sido plasmadas en nuestroordenamiento jurídico y, si es necesario, realizar algún tipo de concordancia y/o corrección.

abstract: Treating the Pro-Life Movement as a monolithic entity creates a blind spot regarding the cognitive effect of the fetal personhood rhetorical framework. This study applies an interpretive lens, using legal and discourse analysis as tools, to provide a critical analysis of personhood laws and web content to shed light on how linguistic patterns construct, and are informed by, worldview. Examining variations in proposed Human Life Amendments—and asking how, or if, proposed bills achieve their specified aim—reveals tension in state and federal jurisdiction of abortion regulations. It also exposes conflicts concerning tactical preferences for attaining fetal personhood and ending abortion that are useful to differentiating the Pro-Life and Personhood Movements. Framing and discursive practices of the Personhood Movement reflect a ‘black and white’ mentality and an overly-simplified worldview. Movement cognition is shaped by patterns of omission and exclusion, inclusion, repetition, troubling phrases, and the power of labels. The linguistic choices demonstrate, constitute, and reinforce the dominant narratives of the movement and are integral to advocacy, praxis, and legislative efforts. While the struggle to pass personhood-compliant legislation has not been successful, the rhetorical practices and representational framework of the Personhood Movement have succeeded in altering the national discourse surrounding beginnings of life and abortion. The extreme views of the Personhood Movement reconstitute the middle—making tactics of the mainstream Pro-Life Movement seem moderate and reasonable by comparison, which allows dangerous legislation to slide by under the radar. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Social Justice and Human Rights 2018

O presente estudo analisa a reforma administrativa elaborada e proposta pelo governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC) em seu primeiro mandato (1995-1998). Para tanto, o trabalho analisou, especialmente, os argumentos da literatura a respeito da participação dos governadores estaduais no processo da reforma. A pesquisa se baseou principalmente em dados coletados sobre a votação nominal da reforma administrativa do governo FHC na Câmara de Deputados em 1997 e em informações coletadas a respeito do apoio dos governadores estaduais à reforma. A conclusão do estudo é de que, de um lado, o apoio ativo dos governadores estaduais à reforma não pode ser explicado apenas pela situação fiscal e financeira dos estados e, de outro lado, que a participação efetiva dos governadores estaduais na votação somente pode ser entendida através da mediação dos partidos políticos. / The present study analyze the administrative reform elaborated and proposed by the president Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC), during his first term (1995-1998). In this way, it presents a review of the literature arguments, especially, about the state governors influence in the reform outcomes. The resarch was based on data about nominal voting at the House of Representantives in 1997 and on collected information about state governors support to this reform. The conclusion of the study is, in one hand, that active state governors support can\'t be explicated only by fiscal and financial situation of the states and, on the other hand, that efective participation of state governors on voting only can be understood through the mediation of political parties.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-03-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:21:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 soratto_rp_dr_botfca.pdf: 792481 bytes, checksum: 32d9518363b0fae5fab589ed74ffbe8c (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Existe interesse na busca de alternativas para a implantação do sistema de plantio direto em áreas anteriormente cultivadas no sistema convencional de preparo do solo ou sob pastagens, sem a incorporação prévia do calcário, realizando-se a calagem superficialmente desde o estabelecimento do sistema, desde que não haja impedimento físico ao crescimento radicular. Nesse sentido, o gesso agrícola, por ser mais solúvel e apresentar relativa mobilidade no solo, é apontado como alternativa para correção das camadas subsuperficiais do solo em curto prazo, podendo ser utilizado como um produto complementar ao calcário. Dessa forma, o trabalho objetivou avaliar a influência da aplicação superficial de calcário e gesso, na implantação do sistema de plantio direto, sobre as características químicas do solo, o teor de cátions solúveis na parte aérea das culturas, o crescimento radicular, a nutrição e produtividade de culturas anuais, em região de inverno seco. O experimento foi conduzido nos anos agrícolas de 2002/2003 e 2003/2004, na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, localizada no município de Botucatu (SP), em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico, anteriormente conduzido no sistema convencional de preparo do solo. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por quatro doses de calcário dolomítico (0, 1.100, 2.700 e 4.300 kg ha-1), com PRNT = 71,2%, visando elevar a saturação por bases para 50%, 70% e 90%, respectivamente. As subparcelas foram constituídas pela ausência e aplicação de 2.100 kg ha-1 de gesso agrícola (6 x teor de argila em g kg-1, na camada de 0,20-0,40 m de profundidade). Para as culturas de verão foi utilizado o esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, sendo as subsubparcelas constituídas por dois cultivares de arroz de terras altas... / There is great interest to search alternatives to establish the no-tillage system in fields previously cultivated on conventional tillage or on pasture, with no lime previous incorporation, using superficial liming since the beginning of system, if don't have physical impediment to root growth. Thus, the phosphogypsum, that is more soluble and with high mobility, has been an alternative to correct the subsuperficial soil layer, in a short time, and can be used as a lime complementary product. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of lime and phosphogypsum surface application during the establishment of no-tillage system, on the soil chemical characteristics, on the content of water-soluble cations, in the crop shoot, on the root growth, on the nutrition and yield of annual crops, in a dry winter region. The experiment was carried out during the agricultural years of 2002/03 and 2003/2004, in an experimental area located in Botucatu County, São Paulo State, Brazil (48º 23' W and 22º 1' S) on a Haplorthox, before used with conventional tillage system. A randomized complete block design, in split-plot scheme, and four replications was used. The plots were composed by four dolomite limestone levels (0; 1,100; 2,700; and 4,300 kg ha-1), with Neutralization Power = 84.3% and Reactivity = 84.5%, aiming raise the base saturation to 50%, 70%, and 90%, respectively. The subplots were composed by without and with phosphogypsum application (2,100 kg ha-1 = 6 x clay content (g kg-1) in 0.20-0.40 m depth layer). For the summer crops a split-split-plot scheme were used. The subsubplots were constituted by two upland rice cultivars ('Caiapó' and 'IAC 202'), on agricultural year of 2002/03, and two common bean cultivars ('Carioca' and 'Pérola'), on agricultural year of 2003/2004. In the winter season of 2003 and 2004, the black oat was grown in the area... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)