Bakgrund: Information är en viktig del i anestesisjuksköterskans möte med patienten. Information som verktyg, syftar till en bättre omvårdnad och patientsäkerhet. Vid en sövning kontrolleras patienters luftväg och andning varvid halsont och heshet kan upplevas postoperativt. Postoperativt halsont och heshet är vanligt och drabbar flertalet patienter. Att ge preoperativ information om luftvägshantering samt eventuella postoperativa halsbesvär kan därför vara av betydelse för patienters välbefinnande. Syfte: Att undersöka patienters upplevelser av preoperativ information gällande luftvägshantering samt postoperativa halsbesvär. Metod: Kvalitativ intervjustudie. 8 semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes på patienter som opererats i generell anestesi. Resultat: Intervjuerna resulterade i tre olika kategorier med respektive underkategorier. Känslor inför operation; i en stressad situation kände patienterna förtroende och tillit samt att lugn och trygghet ingavs. Vikten av att avväga informationsmängd; vissa upplevde för mycket information, andra för lite och det är viktigt med individanpassad information efter vad respektive patient vill veta. Informationssätt; hur, när och var information ges, påverkar patienterna, kontinuerlig och kortfattad information med möjlighet att få ställa frågor upplevs positivt. Slutsats: Patienter är olika och reagerar olika på informationsmängd samt informationssätt. Det är därför viktigt att anpassa informationsmängden och ge individanpassad information format efter patienten. Att få ingående information om luftvägsförfarande upplevs av vissa som obehagligt. Information om postoperativa halsbesvär lugnar. / Background: Information is an important part of the nurse anesthetist’s encounterwith the patient. Information as a tool, aims for a better care and safety for the patient. During an anesthesia, the patients airway and breathing is controlled, wherein sore throat and hoarsness can occur post operative. Post operative sore throat and hoarsness are common and affect many patients. Giving preoperative information regarding airway management and probable postoperative sore throat inconvenience, can be of importance of the patients well-being. Objectives: To analyze patients experiences of preoperative information regarding airway management and postoperative throat inconvenience. Methods: Qualitative interviews study. 8 semi structured interviews, were conducted on patients who had been operated in general anesthesia. Results: The interviews resulted in three different categories with respectively sub categories. Feelings before surgery; in a stressful situation the patients felt confidence and trust, and also that calm and safety were submitted. The importance of estimating amount of information; some experienced too much information, others too little and that it is important with personalized information, fitted for what each and other patient wants to know. Means of information; where, when and how the information is given, affects the patients. Continious and concised information, with opportunity to ask questions, is experienced as positive. Conclusions: Patients are different and reacts different on the amount of information and means of information. It is therefor important to adjust the amount of information and to give personalized information suited for each and other patient. Given thorough information about airway management is experienced by some patients as unpleasant. Given information about postoperative throat inconvenience soothes.Keywords preoperative information; airway management; postoperative throatinconvenience; feelings; amount of information; means of information.

The main purpose of the present study was to explore the effects of characteristics of information given in a job advertisement (amount of information and the specificity of the information) on the potential applicants&rsquo / willingness to apply to the job opening with the mediating roles of credibility of and satisfaction from the information, and attraction to the organization. In addition to that, the factors affecting the decision of the applicants to apply for the job posted such as application modes (internet, by hand in the same city the applicant lives, by hand in a different city than the applicant lives), different selection methods (interview, personality test, knowledge test), and personality characteristics (goal orientation and self-efficacy) were investigated. The study was conducted in three phases. In the first phase, one hundred and seven Middle East Technical University (METU) students were used to decide between two alternatives of goal orientation and two self-efficacy scales, which were translated into Turkish and adapted for the current study, to be used in the main study by determining the validity and reliabilities of the scales. The second phase was the manipulation check, conducted to test the clarity and meaningfulness of the newly developed job advertisements and questions related to the research hypotheses. Thirty-two METU students were used for the second phase. The final phase was the main study. One hundred and fifty four METU students from Electrical and Electronics Department were used to examine the hypotheses of the study.The students were randomly assigned to the three different versions of job advertisement. Additionally, a questionnaire package was given to each participant. The results supported most of the main hypotheses and the proposed model except for the mediating effect of satisfaction. Advertisement type affected the willingness to apply to the job of potential applicant and this relation was mediated by credibility and credibility was mediated by attractiveness to the organization. A main effect of application mode was found for change in application decision, but no interaction was found between application mode and different attraction levels. Goal orientation found to be affecting applicants&rsquo / decision change for different selection methods. Self-efficacy failed to predict decision change for application for different selection methods. Results are discussed along with the strengths and limitations of the study and suggestions for future research.

Abstract Title: Direct and indirect effect of notes – for actors in a stock market Background: Notes make up a significant part of the company´s annual report, but does this information have any major impact? On one side, notes should lead to less information asymmetry, which positively affects the stock market and financial analysts forecasting precision as well as this relationship depends on different contexts. The question is also asked if all information presented in the notes is too extensive, which creates information overload for financial analysts. Purpose: The purpose is to explain the effects of more information in accounting notes for actors in equity markets in different contexts that have the same accounting standard. Method: The study applies a cross-sectional design together with a deductive approach to investigate whether the amount of note information has a relationship with financial analysts forecasting precision, stock volatility and stock liquidity. For these relationships, moderating effects will also be tested. The hypotheses arose through theories of asymmetric information, effective market hypothesis, cognitive load theory and system-orientated theories. Conclusion: The study rejects the relationship between note information and errors in financial analyst forecast, stock volatility as well as stock liquidity. However, the results show a significant positive relationship between note information and error in forecasting precision. Financial analyst forecasting precision show that the relationship is affected by three different contexts. Despite the relationship between note information and stock liquidity were rejected when tested on the overall sample is the relationship affected by two different contexts. / Sammanfattning Titel: Direkta och indirekta effekter av noter - För aktörer på en aktiemarknad Bakgrund: Noter utgör en väsentlig del av företags årsredovisning men har den informationen någon större påverkan? På ena sidan bör noter leda till mindre informationsasymmetri, vilket påverkar aktiemarknaden och finansiella analytikers prognosprecision positivt samt att detta samband även beror på olika kontexter. Frågan ställs även ifall informationen som presenteras i notavsnittet är för omfattande, vilket skapar informationsöverbelastning för finansiella analytiker. Syfte: Syftet är att förklara effekten av ökad delgivande av information i redovisningsnoter på aktörer på aktiemarknaden i olika kontexter som tillämpar samma redovisningsstandard. Metod: Studien tillämpar en tvärrsnittsdesign tillsammans med en deduktiv ansats för att undersöka ifall mängden notinformation har något samband med finansiella analytikers prognosprecision, aktievolatilitet och aktielikviditet För dessa samband testas även modererande effekter. Hypoteserna uppstod genom teorierna asymmetrisk information, effektiva marknadshypotesen, kognitiv belastningsteori och systemorienterade teorier. Slutsats: Studien förkastar sambandet mellan notinformation och fel i prognosprecision, aktievolatilitet och aktielikviditet. Däremot visar resultatet ett positivt signifikant samband mellan notinformation och fel i prognosprecision. Finansiella analytikers prognosprecision uppvisar även att sambandet påverkas av tre olika kontexter. Trots att sambandet mellan notinformation och aktielikviditet förkastas när den testas på en övergripande nivå, påverkas sambandet av två olika kontexter.