In this thesis I discuss, analyse and intend to answer the question: What is the best way to capture the sound of the acoustic accordion? It was my desire to explore this theme that led me to this research, and I believe that this question is important to many other accordionists as well. From the very beginning, I wanted the thesis to be not only an academic material but also that it can be used as an instruction manual, which could serve accordionists and others who are interested in this subject, to delve deeper into it, understand it and hopefully get answers to their questions about this subject. The thesis contains five main chapters: Amplifying of the accordion at live events, Processing of the accordion sound, Recording of the accordion in a studio - the specifics of recording of the accordion, Specific recording solutions and Examples of recording and amplifying of the accordion in practice of other accordion players, and two recordings: D. Scarlatti - Sonata D minor K 141, V. Trojan - The Collasped Cathedral. My aim is that this thesis will contribute to create a comprehensive insight into the specifics of capturing the accordion sound, contribute to better understanding of the acoustic properties of the instrument and bring practical answers to questions that many accordionists have. I have chosen to mention very basic technical aspects related to how to capture the sound of the acoustic accordion with respect to potential elementary knowledge of some people in this area. But, I also discuss very specific and professional details and focus on how different kinds of microphones can be used to capture the sound of the acoustic accordion. This is a subject that clearly is understudied and probably not has been a matter for proper research before. Most of my comments and analysis come from my personal experience and different experiments but there is also an interview included in the thesis with one very experienced accordionist who also is a professional music producer. I hope that my thesis will help other accordionists, sound engineers, and anyone else to understand the accordion and its specifics regarding both studio recording and live amplifying.

This thesis focuses on a type of antenna known as the reflectarray antenna. In particular, it looks at the design of an active reconfigurable reflectarray antenna, which has not received much attention in the reflectarray community. Potential applications include deployment as a high gain, reconfigurable antenna for communication links, and as a spatial power combiner. The reflectarray element is an aperture-coupled patch that accepts a linearly polarized wave, phase shifts and amplifies the guided-waves in the transmission lines, and then re-radiates an orthogonally polarized wave. Stability analysis of the element, experimental results of the designed phase shifter and simulation and experimental results of the element are presented. Fabrication details of a 48 element reflectarray and challenges faced during experimental characterization of the elements are also discussed. The two dimensional beamforming capability and amplifying nature of the array are successfully demonstrated and veri fied, indicating robustness to phase errors and oscillating elements.

This thesis focuses on a type of antenna known as the reflectarray antenna. In particular, it looks at the design of an active reconfigurable reflectarray antenna, which has not received much attention in the reflectarray community. Potential applications include deployment as a high gain, reconfigurable antenna for communication links, and as a spatial power combiner. The reflectarray element is an aperture-coupled patch that accepts a linearly polarized wave, phase shifts and amplifies the guided-waves in the transmission lines, and then re-radiates an orthogonally polarized wave. Stability analysis of the element, experimental results of the designed phase shifter and simulation and experimental results of the element are presented. Fabrication details of a 48 element reflectarray and challenges faced during experimental characterization of the elements are also discussed. The two dimensional beamforming capability and amplifying nature of the array are successfully demonstrated and veri fied, indicating robustness to phase errors and oscillating elements.

A via de amplificação da secreção de insulina estimulada por glicose (GSIS) é um fenômeno discutido na literatura, cujos componentes são amplamente debatidos. Evidências sugerem que a condutância a Cl- compõe parte desta via. Porém, o mecanismo pelo qual essa condutância desempenharia papel na via de amplificação ainda é debatido, e, além disso, as ferramentas farmacológicas para estudo dessas afeta o transporte de outros ânions, como bicarbonato (HCO3-). Buscamos neste trabalho compreender a contribuição do transporte desses ânions para a via de amplificação da GSIS levando em consideração a distribuição de Cl- e HCO3- extracelular em células INS-1E. Concluímos que o transporte de ânions nas células INS-1E não contribui para a via de amplificação da GSIS, porém essas células não expressaram os canais CFTR e Anoctamina 1 que foram relacionados com esse fenômeno. Acreditamos que em células secretoras de insulina que expressem esses canais, o transporte de ânions possua alguma relevância funcional. / The amplification pathway of glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) is a phenomenon discussed in the literature, which components are broadly debated. Evidence suggests that Cl- conductance composes part of this pathway. However, the mechanism that this conductance would play role on the amplification pathway still is debated, and, besides that, the pharmacological tools to study these affects transport of other anions, such as bicarbonate (HCO3-). We aimed in this study to understand the contribuition of anion transport for the amplification of GSIS considering the Cl- and HCO3- extracellular distribuition in INS-1E cells. We concluded that anion transport in INS-1E cell line do not contribute for the amplification pathway of GSIS, however those cells do not express CFTR and Anoctamin 1 channels which were related with this phenomenon. We believe that in insulin secretin cells that express those channels, the anion transport may have a functional relevance.

The central nervous system (CNS) has an astonishing diversity of neurons and glia. The diversity of cell types in the CNS has greatly increased throughout evolution and underlies our unique cognitive abilities. The diverse neurons and glia in the CNS are made from a relatively small pool of neural stem cells and progenitors. Understanding the developmental mechanisms that generate diverse cell types from neural progenitors will provide insight into the complexity of the mammalian CNS and guide stem cell based therapies for brain repair. Temporal patterning, during which individual neural progenitors change over time to make different neurons and a glia, is essential for the generation of neural diversity. However, the regulation of temporal patterning is poorly understood. Human outer subventricular zone (OSVZ) neural stem cells and Drosophila type II neural stem cells (called neuroblasts) both generate transit-amplifying intermediate neural progenitors (INPs). INPs undergo additional rounds of cell division to increase the number of neurons and glia generated in neural stem cell lineages. However, it is unknown whether INPs simply expand the numbers of a particular cell type or make diverse neural progeny. In this dissertation, I show that type II neuroblast lineages give rise to extraordinary neural diversity in the Drosophila adult brain and contribute diverse neurons to a major brain structure, the central complex. I find that INPs undergo temporal patterning to expand neural diversity in type II lineages. I show that INPs sequentially generate distinct neural subtypes; that INPs sequentially express Dichaete, Grainyhead, and Eyeless transcription factors; and that these transcription factors are required for the production of distinct neural subtypes. Moreover, I find that parental type II neuroblasts also sequentially express transcription factors and generate different neuronal/glial progeny over time, providing a second temporal identity axis. I conclude that neuroblast and INP temporal patterning axes act combinatorially to specify diverse neural cell types within adult central complex; OSVZ neural stem cells may use similar mechanisms to increase neural diversity in the human brain. This dissertation includes previously published co-authored material.

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

A via de amplificação da secreção de insulina estimulada por glicose (GSIS) é um fenômeno discutido na literatura, cujos componentes são amplamente debatidos. Evidências sugerem que a condutância a Cl- compõe parte desta via. Porém, o mecanismo pelo qual essa condutância desempenharia papel na via de amplificação ainda é debatido, e, além disso, as ferramentas farmacológicas para estudo dessas afeta o transporte de outros ânions, como bicarbonato (HCO3-). Buscamos neste trabalho compreender a contribuição do transporte desses ânions para a via de amplificação da GSIS levando em consideração a distribuição de Cl- e HCO3- extracelular em células INS-1E. Concluímos que o transporte de ânions nas células INS-1E não contribui para a via de amplificação da GSIS, porém essas células não expressaram os canais CFTR e Anoctamina 1 que foram relacionados com esse fenômeno. Acreditamos que em células secretoras de insulina que expressem esses canais, o transporte de ânions possua alguma relevância funcional. / The amplification pathway of glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) is a phenomenon discussed in the literature, which components are broadly debated. Evidence suggests that Cl- conductance composes part of this pathway. However, the mechanism that this conductance would play role on the amplification pathway still is debated, and, besides that, the pharmacological tools to study these affects transport of other anions, such as bicarbonate (HCO3-). We aimed in this study to understand the contribuition of anion transport for the amplification of GSIS considering the Cl- and HCO3- extracellular distribuition in INS-1E cells. We concluded that anion transport in INS-1E cell line do not contribute for the amplification pathway of GSIS, however those cells do not express CFTR and Anoctamin 1 channels which were related with this phenomenon. We believe that in insulin secretin cells that express those channels, the anion transport may have a functional relevance.

xi, 88 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / Neuroblasts are the neural stem cells of the Drosophlia central nervous system. They are large cells that divide asymmetrically to renew another neuroblast and generate a smaller ganglion mother cell (gmc) that will divide once to produce two neurons. Combining genetic lineage tracing experiments with cell fate markers I isolated two separate neural stem cell populations with distinct locations and cellular behaviors in the larval brain. In my first chapter I introduce the central nervous system of Drosophila and in the next two sections of chapter I, I introduce the development of the optic lobe and central brain, two separate structures of the central nervous system. In my second chapter I characterize the lineage relationship of cells within the developing larval optic lobe and use cell fate markers to determine the identity of these cells. Next I examine the effect of spindle orientation on cell fate within epithelial cells of the optic lobe. In my third chapter I characterize another novel neural stem cell lineage in the larval brain containing GMCs with greater proliferation potential than a "canonical" GMC, and I term these, transit amplifying gmcs (TA-GMCs). Further I show that the parent neuroblast of these novel TA-GMCs does not asymmetrically segregate the fate determinant Prospero (Pros) thereby producing a GMC with greater proliferation potential. Finally I show that TA-GMCs do asymmetrically segregate the fate determinant Pros, divide slowly and give rise to up to 10 neurons which normal gmcs never do. In my fourth chapter I show preliminary work on the characterization of a mutation that causes excessive production of neuroblasts specifically in novel TA-GMC lineages. These findings reveal novel neural stem cell lineages, patterns of asymmetric cell division and patterns of neurogenesis that could aid in our understanding of neural stem cell biology and tumorogenesis. This dissertation includes both my previously published and my co-authored materials. / Adviser: Chris Doe

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第20616号 / 医博第4265号 / 新制||医||1023(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 長船 健二, 教授 渡邊 直樹, 教授 岩田 想 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.