Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-08-01T14:44:05Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao_Giselle_Mendonca.pdf: 1021339 bytes, checksum: 1524c07974484631f5d2ebb69ce0400a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-01T14:44:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao_Giselle_Mendonca.pdf: 1021339 bytes, checksum: 1524c07974484631f5d2ebb69ce0400a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Goniometry has been used in canine orthopedics to assess clinics, surgical and/or therapy physical treatment efficacy involving shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, stifle and tarsal. However, in dogs this procedure is few studied and validated to scientifics researches. The purposes of this experiment were to estimate the maximum flexion and extension angle of shoulder, elbow, carpus, hip, stifle and tarsus and carpus adduction and abduction in dogs with breed Rottweiler, compare goniometric joint measurements obtained from no sedated, sedated and measurements made in radiography, and compare this goniometric joint measurements between males and females. The goniometric assess was accomplished by universal plastic goniometer, in 11 dogs Rottweilers, clinically healthy, in Goiânia-GO. One examiner accomplished assess, tree times, in each joint position (flexion and extension of shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, stifle and tarsal, as well as carpus adduction and abduction) before and after dogs sedation. Also, accomplished measurements from radiographs taken of these joint positions while dogs were sedated, totalizing 1386 measurements. To compare the joint goniometric measure mean of animal nonsedated, sedated and radiographs was used the Friedman test. To compare the goniometry between males and females was used the t test. The differences were considered significant at values of p 0,05, for all comparisons. The results indicated that joint measurements did not differ significantly when compared goniometric measurements in nonsedated dogs, sedated and radiographs, for all joints positions evaluated, exception for shoulder and stifle extension and carpus adduction. Also, no significant differences were identified between the sexes, exclusion the shoulder extension in sedated dogs and carpus abduction in radiographs taken. / A goniometria tem sido usada na ortopedia canina para avaliar a eficácia do tratamento clínico, cirúrgico e/ou fisioterapêutico envolvendo o ombro, cotovelo, carpo, quadril, joelho e tarso. Entretanto, em cães, este procedimento é pouco estudado e validado por pesquisas científicas. Este experimento teve como objetivos estimar o ângulo máximo de flexão e extensão do ombro, cotovelo, carpo, quadril, joelho e tarso e adução e abdução do carpo de cães da raça Rottweiler, comparar as medidas goniométricas das articulações obtidas dos animais não-sedados, sedados e medidas obtidas por radiografias e comparar as medidas goniométricas destas articulações entre machos e fêmeas. Realizou-se a avaliação goniométrica, utilizando goniômetro de plástico universal, em 11 cães Rottweilers, clinicamente saudáveis, em Goiânia-GO. Um examinador realizou a avaliação, três vezes, em cada posição articular (flexão e extensão do ombro, cotovelo, carpo, quadril, joelho e tarso, bem como adução e abdução do carpo) antes e após sedação dos cães. Também foram realizadas medidas de radiografias tomadas destas posições articulares enquanto os cães estavam sedados, totalizando 1386 medidas. Para comparar a média das medidas goniométricas das articulações de animais não-sedados, sedados e radiografias, utilizou-se o teste de Friedman. Para comparar a goniometria entre machos e fêmeas utilizou-se o teste t. As diferenças foram consideradas significantes nos valores de p 0,05, para todas as comparações. Os resultados indicaram que as medidas articulares não diferiram significativamente quando se compararam medidas gonioméricas de cães não-sedados, sedados e radiografias, para todos os posicionamentos articulares avaliados, com exceção da extensão do ombro e joelho e adução do carpo. Também não foram identificadas diferenças significativas entre os sexos, com ressalva da extensão do ombro em cães sedados e da abdução do carpo tomada nas radiografias.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-05-09T17:23:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ErikadaFonsecaReisSilvaDissertacao2012.pdf: 561877 bytes, checksum: 3f630bd567030506d73648840c89ab8a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-05-09T17:24:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ErikadaFonsecaReisSilvaDissertacao2012.pdf: 561877 bytes, checksum: 3f630bd567030506d73648840c89ab8a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-09T17:24:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ErikadaFonsecaReisSilvaDissertacao2012.pdf: 561877 bytes, checksum: 3f630bd567030506d73648840c89ab8a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-01 / The proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is a stretching technique used to increase the range of motion and presents superior results as compared with static stretching (SS). Thus, the aim of study was investigate and compare the effects of PNF and SS on maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and muscle activation in indoor soccer players and sedentary individuals. Thirty-three adult men were divided into two groups: 1) sedentary (age, 21.3 ?? 1.8 years; height, 173.0 ?? 7.0 cm; weight, 68.7 ?? 9.6 kg) and 2) trained (age, 25.7 ?? 4.8 years; height, 175.5 ?? 5.0 cm; weight, 76.4 ?? 7.4 kg) who completed three different experimental trials on non-consecutive days separated by 72 h in a randomized order: static stretching (SS), PNF stretching (PNF), and no-stretching (NS). The isometric MVC of knee extension was evaluated before and immediately after each condition. Surface electromyography was recorded from the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles of dominant leg during MVC test. PNF and SS techniques induced no decrease on isometric maximal muscular strength and muscle electromyographical activity in indoor soccer players (p>0.05). In addition, the electromyographical activity of the RF and VL was lower after SS only in the sedentary group (p???0.05). These results suggest that, short duration PNF SS stretching techniques have no effects on isometric MVC and muscle electromyographical activity in indoor soccer players. / A facilita????o neuromuscular proprioceptiva (FNP) ?? uma t??cnica de alongamento utilizada para aumentar a amplitude de movimento que apresenta resultados superiores quando comparado ao alongamento est??tico (AE). Neste sentido, o presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar e comparar os efeitos da FNP e do AE sobre a contra????o volunt??ria m??xima (CVM) e ativa????o muscular em jogadores de futsal, bem como em indiv??duos sedent??rios. Trinta e tr??s homens adultos foram divididos em dois grupos: 1) sedent??rio (idade, 21,3 ?? 1,8 anos; estatura, 173,0 ?? 7,0 cm; massa corporal, 68,7 ?? 9,6 kg) e 2) treinado (idade, 25,7 ?? 4,8 anos; estatura, 175,5 ?? 5,0 cm; massa corporal, 76,4 ?? 7,4 kg) que realizaram tr??s sess??es experimentais diferentes em dias n??o consecutivos separados por 72 h em ordem randomizada: AE, FNP e sess??o sem alongamento (SC). A CVM isom??trica da extens??o do joelho foi avaliada antes e imediatamente ap??s cada condi????o. A eletromiografia de superf??cie foi mensurada nos m??sculos vasto lateral (VL) e reto femoral (RF) do membro dominante durante o teste de CVM. A FNP e o AE n??o promoveram redu????o na for??a muscular isom??trica m??xima e atividade eletromiogr??fica em jogadores de futsal (p>0,05). Adicionalmente, a atividade eletromiogr??fica do RF e VL foi menor ap??s o AE apenas no grupo sedent??rio (p???0.05). Estes resultados sugerem que, o AE e a FNP de curta dura????o n??o exercem efeitos sobre a CVM isom??trica e atividade eletromiogr??fica muscular em jogadores de futsal.

Les mécanismes par lesquels les charges mécaniques et électriques agissent sur le tissu osseux dans son ensemble, et sur les ostéoblastes, en particulier, sont encore mal compris. La réponse des ostéoblastes soumis à un seul type de stimulus physique a été comparée à celle obtenue par des combinaisons de plusieurs signaux mécaniques et/ou électriques. Dans la perspective d'améliorer l'ostéointégration des biomatériaux, nos études ont porté principalement sur les deux composants essentiels pour le succès de la greffe d'un biomatériau : la matrice extracellulaire (MEC) qui sert d'interface entre le biomatériau et l'hôte ainsi que les facteurs angiogéniques. Nous avons étudié les réponses des ostéoblastes à des contraintes mécaniques complexes basées sur des signaux de " basse amplitude haute fréquence " (BAHF) appliquées à un modèle de culture 3D (hydroxyapatite macroporeux). Nous montrons donc qu'une stimulation mécanique simple (3Hz) peut être potentialisée par des BAHF appropriées (25 Hz). Un dispositif a été développé pour appliquer des contraintes mécaniques très BAHF sur des modèles de culture 2D. La synthèse de la MEC est favorisée et ses propriétés ostéogéniques sont augmentées sous BAHF. Les BAHF n'ont pas d'effet sur le VEGF. Un autre dispositif a permis d'appliquer un champ électrique aux cultures cellulaires. Quelques paramètres nous indiquent que les cellules perçoivent le champ électrique, mais nous retenons que le VEGF n'est pas affecté. En revanche, la combinaison de ces stimulations physiques (contrainte mécanique très BAHF et champ électrique) augmente l'expression de plusieurs facteurs impliqués dans l'angiogénèse (VEGF, TGFβ1, FGF2...). Les sollicitations complexes définies dans cette thèse pourraient être un outil pour fonctionnaliser un substitut osseux cellularisé

Symbiotic dinoflagellates in the genus Symbiodinium are critical to the success of scleractinian reef corals in shallow tropical seas. These symbionts are commonly isolated from hosts and cultured separately in liquid media (f/2 or ASP8a), but initial isolations can be prone to abundant contaminants that can persist long-term in culture. To help remove these contaminants, I developed a solid growth substrate composed of 1% f/2 medium in agar, supplemented with a variety of antibiotics, to help isolate individual clones and establish new ?axenic? cultures. I found that an antibiotic cocktail of kanamycin (50 µg/mL), ampicillin (100 µg/mL) and streptomycin (50 µg/mL) was the most effective at eliminating visual signs of contamination without apparent harm to a variety of Symbiodinium in culture. Photophysiological measurements of Symbiodinium grown on f/2 agar plates, taken using an Imaging Pulse Amplitude Modulated (I-PAM) fluorometer, were comparable with those grown in liquid f/2, both with and without antibiotics. Eight types of Symbiodinium in clades A-D grown on f/2 agar plates at low irradiance (19-46 µmol photons m-2 s-1) were exposed to higher irradiance conditions (50-90 µmol photons m-2s-1) for 13 days and their photosynthetic efficiencies (Fv/Fm) were compared using the I-PAM. There were significant differences among and within clades, except for two types in clade C (C2 and C3) which did not perform differently from eachother. All types showed reduced Fv/Fm after 12 days in higher light. Type D1a showed high mortality after 13 days of higher light stress. Finally, preliminary work to fluorescently label Symbiodinium determined that available vital stains were not generally practical for symbiosis studies. Attempts to transform Symbiodinium with a variety of plasmids containing fluorescent reporters and/or genes for antibiotic resistance were not successful, but did provide a baseline for future work. In summary, Symbiodinium cultures grown on solid substrates supplemented with antibiotics are useful for: (1) isolating individual cells or clones for subsequent applications and establishing and maintaining ?axenic? cultures that are free of observable contaminants; (2) directly comparing the photophysiology of different cultures using an I-PAM fluorometer; (3) quantifying cells on agar plates using the I-PAM and (4) selecting possible transgenic symbionts for symbiosis studies.

The CO2SINK (and CO2MAN) project is the first onshore CO2 storage project in Europe. The research site is located near the town of Ketzin, close to Potsdam in Germany. Injection started in June 2008, with a planned injection target of 100,000 tonnes of CO2. In February 2011, around 45, 000 tons of CO2 had been injected into the saline aquifer at an approximate depth of 630 m. This thesis focuses on time-lapse analysis of borehole seismic data, surface seismic data and reservoir characterization at the Ketzin site. Baseline Moving Source Profiling (MSP) data were acquired in the borehole Ketzin 202/2007 (OW2), along seven lines in 2007. The zero-offset Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) data were acquired in the same borehole. The main objective of the VSP and MSP survey was to generate high-resolution seismic images around the borehole. After modeling and data processing, the sandy layers within the Stuttgart Formation can potentially be imaged in the VSP and MSP data whereas reflections from these layers are not as clearly observed in the 3D surface seismic data. 2D and pseudo-3D time-lapse seismic surveys were conducted at the Ketzin site. Interpretation of 2D baseline and repeat stacks shows that no CO2 leakage related time lapse signature is observable where the 2D lines allow monitoring of the reservoir. This is consistent with the time-lapse results of the 3D surveys showing an increase in reflection amplitude just centered around the injection well. The results from the pseudo-3D surveys are also consistent with the 3D seismic time-lapse studies and show that the sparse pseudo-3D geometry can be used to qualitatively map the CO2 in the reservoir with significantly less effect than the full 3D surveying. The 2nd pseudo-3D repeat survey indicates preferential migration of the CO2 to the west. There are no indications of migration into the caprock on either of the repeat surveys. Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO) analysis was performed on both 2D and 3D repeat surveys. A Class 3 AVO anomaly is clearly observed on the 3D repeat data and matches the synthetic modeling well. No AVO anomaly was observed on the 2D repeat data, which was anticipated, but the result shows signs of a pressure response at the reservoir level in the data. Reflection coefficients were calculated using surface seismic data (3D and pseudo-3D) at the site. Pre-injection calculations agree well with calculations from logging data. Post-injection calculations are in general agreement with the seismic modeling, but generally show higher amplitudes than those expected. The full 3D data show a better image of the reflection coefficients before and after injection than the pseudo-3D data and can potentially be used to make quantitative calculations of CO2 volumes. The pseudo-3D data only provide qualitative information.

Acetylacetone (AcAc) exists as a mixture of enol and keto tautomers. Besides providing a good example for the study of tautomerization, it is a model system for investigating intramolecular hydrogen bonds in its enol form. Trapping AcAc in the soft para-Hydrogen (pH2 ) environment brings out new opportunities to investigate its properties. Infrared spectra of the samples give a good characterization of the two stable enol and keto tautomers. The keto/enol ratio in solid pH2 is found to be higher than in other matrices. While vibrational bands of keto are narrow, those of enol are broad, reflecting the intrinsic properties of the enol which exhibits three entangled large amplitude motions (two methyl torsions and the intramolecular hydrogen transfer). Surprisingly, narrowing of some of these bands is observed in a slow time evolution. This effect is interpreted as a consequence of nuclear spin conversion in the hydrogen atoms of the methyl groups, giving access to AcAc species differing by their nuclear spin symmetry. This offers new pertinent investigations on the large amplitude motions, especially on the intramolecular hydrogen transfer. AcAc/pH2 samples have been irradiated by UV laser beams. Irradiation at 266 nm induces isomerization from the stable chelated enol form to non chelated conformers, similarly to the case of other matrices. A clear IR signature of the conformers is obtained thanks to the pH2 host. Irradiation at 248 nm induces the enol/keto tautomerization. The kinetics of this interconversion highlights a non-direct process. Fragmentation is clearly observed under irradiation at 193 nm, followed by chemical reaction with the hydrogen host.

Au-delà de son utilisation en géophysique ou en métrologie à grande échelle, la télémétrie laser des longues distances devrait trouver de nombreuses applications pour les missions spatiales. Les instruments d'observation par synthèse ouverture en vols en formation demandent que la géométrie de la constellation soit connue et contrôlée à bien mieux que la longueur d'onde de la fenêtre d'observation. Pour répondre à ces besoins, nous avons étudié un nouveau schéma de mesure qui combine une mesure interférométrique, réalisée sur un faisceau à deux modes et une mesure de temps de vols. Mon travail de thèse a porté sur la conception, mise en œuvre et la caractérisation de la mesure interférométrique. Pour qu'elles ne soient pas affectées par les dérives lentes de l'instrumentation microonde, les deux mesures de phase de longueur d'onde optique (1.55 µm) et de longueur d'onde synthétique (15 mm) sont extraites d'un même signal d'interférence à deux modes en utilisant une procédure de mesure dédiée : on réalise des mesures du signal d'interférence à trois valeurs de la fréquence optique de la source, calculées d'après le résultat de la mesure de temps de vol. Le télémètre met à profit les propriétés du signal d'interférence à deux modes et exploite la phase et l'amplitude du signal à 20 GHz de façon à éliminer les dérives de phase à long terme du signal microonde dans les chaînes de mesure. On peut en attendre, en moins de 0.1 s, une mesure de résolution et d'exactitude inférieures au nanomètre. Le montage expérimental a permis de montrer que le principe de mesure est correct. Sur la mesure d'un chemin optique dans l'air, nous avons obtenu une résolution de 100 pm à 100 µs, qui nous permet d'observer le bruit acoustique. Le bruit sur la mesure des signaux permet d'espérer une résolution de à 10 pm à 43 ms. Les imperfections optiques du montage ont été mises en évidence: elles ont été décrites par une expression analytique, puis à l'aide d'optiques dédiées réduites au niveau nécessaire pour le fonctionnement de l'instrument. La phase des signaux de battement à 20 GHz est affectée d'erreurs de plusieurs 10-3 cycles qui, si elles ne sont pas corrigées, provoquent des erreurs de la mesure de longueur par une ou plusieurs fois la longueur d'onde optique. Nous avons réalisé une étude spécifique du couplage amplitude-phase à l'origine de cette déformation, et montré qu'il est en partie d'origine thermique, lié à la puissance de plusieurs kW/cm² dissipée dans les photodiodes à 20 GHz. Cet effet, voisin de ce qui est connu depuis quelques années en instrumentation microonde sous le nom d' "effet mémoire", est difficile à prendre en compte et la correction qui est faite sur les données ne parvient pas totalement à éviter que le télémètre délivre des valeurs erronées de la distance. En conclusion de ce mémoire deux options sont présentées afin de remédier à cette déformation du signal et d'aboutir à un instrument de haute exactitude.

Rational harmonic mode-locking (RHML) fiber lasers generating picoseconds pulsewidth at high-repetition-rate have emerged as a key component for the high-bit-rate optical time-division multiplexing (OTDM) communication system. In this research, we have discovered higher order RHML semiconductor optical amplifier fiber laser (SOAFL) has the degradation on mode-locking capacity, and an output pulse-train with un-equalized peak amplitudes. Therefore, the main focus of the dissertation is focused on the pulse quality analysis and improvement of RHML-SOAFL via optical pulse injection. First, we observed the degradation on mode-locked mechanism of the dark-optical-comb injection mode-locked semiconductor optical amplifier fiber laser (SOAFL) at RHML order increases to >8. Such a less pronounced RHML mechanism at higher orders is mainly attributed to the weak mode-locking strength at high RHML orders as compared to continuous-wave (CW) lasing mechanism, which has been quantified by reduction of spectral linewidth and pulse-shortening force, and the ratio of DC/pulse amplitude enhancement for discriminating 1st to 20th-order RHML capability. To overcome the un-equalized RHML peak intensity, optical injection induced gain modulation of a SOA are demonstrated to equalize the peak intensity of 5-GHz and 40-GHz RHML-SOAFL by using 1-GHz inverse-optical-pulse and a reshaped 10-GHz gain-switching FPLD pulse injection, respectively. The optical injection mode-locking models are constructed to simulate the compensation of uneven amplitudes between adjacent RHML pulse peaks before and after pulse-amplitude equalization. The optimized RHML pulse exhibits a signal-to-noise suppression ratio of 45-dB, and the clock amplitude jitter below the threshold limitation of 10%. On the other hand, to avoid the mode-locked degradation on RHML, a 2nd-order fractional Talbot effect induced frequency-doubling of 10-GHz optical pulse-train is demonstrated to backward inject a SOAFL for 40-GHz RHML. In comparison with the SOAFL pulse-train repeated at 40-GHz generated by the 4th-order purely RHML process, the optimized 2nd-order fractional Talbot effect in combination with the 2nd-order RHML mechanism significantly enhances the modulation-depth of RHML, thus improving the on/off extinction ratio of the 40-GHz SOAFL pulse-train. Such a new scheme also provides a more stable 40-GHz RHML pulse-train from the SOAFL with its timing jitter reduce. Finally, we established a SHG-FROG to distinguish linear and nonlinear chirp of 10-GHz soliton HML-SOAFL, and further extracted intra-cavity linear dispersion via simulation of Schrodinger equation. After the procedure, the linear chirp almost dominates chirp characteristics for optical pulse injection HML-SOAFL system.

For channel estimation without data-induced interference in data-dependent superimposed training (DDST) scheme, the data sequence is shifted by subtracting a data-dependent sequence before added to training sequence at transmitter. The distorted term causes the data identification problem (DIP) at the receiver. In this thesis, we propose two precoding schemes based on previous work. To maintain low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), the precoding matrix is restricted to a diagonal matrix. The first scheme is proposed to enlarge the minimum distance between the closest codewords, termed as efficient diagonal scheme. Conditions to make sure the precoding matrix is efficient for M-ary phase shift keying (MPSK) and M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) modulation are listed in this paper. The second scheme pursues a lowest complexity at receiver which means the amount of searching set is reduced. It is a trade-off between the better bit error rate (BER) performance and a lower complexity at receiver. The simulation results show that PAPR have been improved and the DIP is solved in both schemes.

In this thesis work, the implementations of the monopulse amplitude comparison and phase comparison DF algorithms are performed on an FPGA platform. After the mathematical formulation of the algorithms using maximum-likelihood approach is done, software simulations are carried out to validate and find the DF accuracies of the algorithms under various conditions. Then the algorithms are implemented on an FPGA platform by utilizing platform specific software tools. Block diagrams of the hardware implementations are given and explained in detail. Then simulations of hardware implementation of both algorithms are performed. Using the results of the simulations, DF accuracies under certain conditions are evaluated and compared to software simulations results.