A set of vertices in a graph G is a global dominating set of G if it dominates both G and its complement G. The minimum cardinality of a global dominating set of G is the global domination number of G. We explore the effects of graph modifications (edge removal, vertex removal, and edge addition) on the global domination number. In particular, for each graph modification, we study the global domination stable trees, that is, the trees whose global domination number remains the same upon the modification. We characterize these stable trees having small global domination numbers.

In this article, we study the construction of piecewise linear prewavelets over type-2 triangulations. Different from a so-called semi-prewavelet approach, we investigate the orthogonal conditions directly and obtain parameterized prewavelets with a smaller support. The conditions for parameterized prewavelet basis on the parameters are also given.

Parmi les produits électroniques de l’industrie des semi-conducteurs, les applications mixtes numériques-analogiques (AMS) représentent une part de marché à forte croissance. Le principal problème pour la conception de systèmes AMS est l’absence de flot de conception standard, puisque les blocs AMS ne peuvent pas être synthétisés de façon systématique `a partir d’une spécification de haut niveau en l’absence d’information au niveau transistor. Par ailleurs, il est très difficile de modéliser les caractéristiques au niveau transistor dans des descriptions comportementales de plus haut niveau (système). Face à ces d´défis, nous proposons une plateforme de modélisation, de dimensionnement et de vérification unifiée. La plate-forme repose sur une méthode de dimensionnement ascendant des blocs analogiques et une approche de simulation descendante depuis le système jusqu’aux transistors. Les différents niveaux d’abstraction envisagés sont d´écrits grâce aux langages C/C ++ et SystemC-AMS. En outre, nous expliquons comment UVM-SystemC-AMS développé dans le cadre du projet européen FP7 VERDI, fournit une m´méthode pour la vérification des systèmes AMS avec des interactions HW / SW. Nous appliquons ces méthodes à deux circuits. Le premier est un circuit de conversion analogique numérique pipeline à 3 étages et 6 bits. Il présente une vue hiérarchique du processus de conception. Le second est un sous-système analogique d’un système implantable de télémétrie, qui inclut une boucle de rétroaction. / Mixed-signal applications are among the fastest growing market segments in the electronics and semiconductor industry. This is driven by the growth opportunities in mobile communication, networking, power management, automotive, medical, imaging, and security applications, which all require analog and mixed-signal (AMS) content. One bottleneck exists if the designs include analog components together with digital ones. Digital design has a well-defined, top-down design methodology, but AMS design has traditionally been an ad hoc custom design process, it is more time-consuming interactive process and fully based on designerÕs expertise. The major difficulty is how to model the impact of circuit non-idealities and technology process variations on system- level performances.In this thesis, we present an unified modeling, design and verification platform with a fast sizing and biasing methodology. The proposed methodology propagates the circuit-level non- idealities into system-level simulations in a very natural way. The methodology synchronizes SystemC-AMS TDF MoC and electrical circuit simulator (SPICE), which enables to mix non- conservative system-level model with conservative nonlinear circuit netlist. Besides, we explain how UVM-SystemC-AMS developed in the FP7 Verdi project, provides an unified methodology for the verification of systems having interconnected AMS, HW/SW. In order to explore the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, two case studies are investigated: a 3-stage 6-bit ADC pipeline and a voltage regulator for an implantable telemetric system. The problem of hierarchical design is illustrated in the 3-stage 6-bit ADC pipeline while the problem of system architecture with feedback loop is illustrated in the implantable telemetric system.

L'évolution des systèmes embarqués se traduit aujourd'hui par des ensembles complexes, dits systèmes cyber-physiques, opérant principalement en réseau et interagissant fortement avec leur environnement.Intégrés à des circuits de contrôle et de traitement du signal, les micro-systèmes électromécaniques, ou MEMS, jouent un rôle primordial dans ces ensembles en tant que capteurs ou actionneurs.La conception de tels systèmes requiert des solutions globales et pluri-disciplinaires telles que le prototypage virtuel.Basée sur des modèles haut-niveau, cette technique permet d'anticiper le comportement du système dès les premières phases de conception et de le raffiner lors de phases plus avancées.Ces méthodes ont progressivement été appliquées à la conception de circuits intégrés, notamment avec l'utilisation de langages de description matérielle, tels que VHDL ou Verilog.En adoptant un niveau d'abstraction supérieur, SystemC a largement contribué au développement concourant des parties matérielles et logicielles.Parallèlement, les extensions proposées dans SystemC-AMS répondent au nombre croissant de composants analogiques dans les circuits intégrés et constituent une base prometteuse pour le prototypage virtuel de systèmes hétérogènes.Pour cette raison, cette thèse traite de la modélisation et de la simulation haut-niveau de dispositifs MEMS en SystemC-AMS.Dans un premier temps, nous évaluons les capacités actuelles du standard et des modèles de calcul proposés dans SystemC-AMS.Nous démontrons les limites et la difficulté d'élaborer des modèles équivalents de dispositifs MEMS dont la géométrie et les couplages internes nécessitent des descriptions plus détaillées.Nous proposons donc, dans un deuxième temps, d'intégrer directement dans SystemC-AMS des modèles réduits de dispositifs MEMS.La réduction d'ordre de modèle est une méthode mathématique permettant de créer des représentations compactes de systèmes initialement très larges en termes de degrés de liberté.Ainsi, nous utilisons les modèles générés depuis l'outil d'analyse en éléments finis \emph{MEMS+} et proposons une interface de programmation pour les insérer dans des modèles SystemC-AMS.Après avoir détaillé les principales fonctionnalités de l'interface, nous discutons les améliorations possibles du standard et de la solution présentée.Enfin, nous vérifions notre solution avec l'étude d'un accéléromètre et comparons les résultats avec l'état de l'art en termes de précision des modèles et de performances de simulation.Cette thèse propose ainsi une méthodologie complète pour intégrer des dispositifs MEMS dans un environnement de simulation haut-niveau. / Embedded systems have evolved to more complex assemblies, called Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), mostly operating through networks and tightly interacting with the environment.As actuators or sensors, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) are essential elements in these systems where they are integrated along with control and signal processing units.Designing such solutions requires a multi-domain approach like virtual prototyping.Based on system-level models, this technique allows to anticipate the global behavior in early-design phases and to further refine it in more advanced steps.Integrated circuits were progressively designed with respect to this method, especially through Hardware Description Languages (HDLs) like VHDL or Verilog.By adopting a higher-abstraction degree, SystemC enabled the co-development of hardware/software specific applications.In parallel, the Analog and Mixed-Signal (AMS) extensions proposed in SystemC-AMS partly addressed the increasing amount of analog components and are considered as a promising alternative for the virtual prototyping of heterogeneous systems.To that end, this thesis addresses the system-level modeling and simulation of MEMS devices in SystemC-AMS.First, we evaluate the current capabilities of the standard and supported models of computation in SystemC-AMS.We demonstrate the limitations and the the difficulty to elaborate equivalent models of MEMS devices whose geometry and internal coupling require more detailed descriptions.Second, we propose to directly integrate MEMS reduced models in SystemC-AMS.Model-order reduction is a mathematical technique to decrease the number of degrees of freedom and generate compact models from large-scale systems.We thus integrate the reduced models exported from the finite-element analysis tool \emph{MEMS+} and propose an Application Programmable Interface (API) to insert these \textit{ad hoc} models in SystemC-AMS.After reviewing the main API features, we discuss some improvements of both the standard and the presented solution.Finally, we verify our solution through the use case of an accelerometer and compare the results with the state of the art in terms of modeling accuracy and simulation performance.This thesis introduces a framework to integrate MEMS devices with the surrounding electronics in a unified system-level simulation environment.

Afin d'accélérer ce processus de conception des systèmes embarqués, un environnement de simulation rapide et performant peut s’avérer indispensable. Pour la rendre performante, les modèles comportementaux des composants élémentaires du système doivent être capables de remplacer les éléments réels dans leurs influences et réponses à tous les phénomènes influents: perturbations, affaiblissements, retards...Nos travaux de thèse visent à contribuer à cette approche méthodologique : ils traitent le développement d’un émulateur des RCSFs. Pour ce faire deux types de simulateurs ont été étudiés:• le premier est un simulateur « software » basé sur la création de modèles comportementaux, décrits en langage VHDL-AMS.• le deuxième est un simulateur hardware basé sur la création des modèles logiques comportementaux, décrits en langage VHDL synthétisable. La simulation s’effectuera sur un composant FPGA cible. Des modifications peuvent être faites sur l’architecture de manière dynamique / To accelerate the design process of embedded systems, a fast and efficient simulation environment is needed. To make it efficient, the behavioral models of the elementary components of the system must be able to replace the real elements in their influences and responses to all the influential phenomena: disruptions, attenuation, delays...Our thesis work aims to contribute to this methodological approach: we treat the development of an emulator for WSNs. To do, two types of simulators have been studied:• The first is a software simulator based on the creation of behavioral models, described in VHDL-AMS.• The second is a hardware simulator based on the creation of behavioral logic models, described in synthesizable VHDL. The simulation will be done on an FPGA target. Changes may be made on the architecture dynamically

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Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) have been used with great success for determining the internal structure and fabrics of Jurassic and Cretaceous plutons of felsic-intermediate compositions in the White-Inyo Range of eastern California. However, application of the AMS techniques to the Mount Barcroft pluton, located in the northern White Mountains, has yielded anomalous scalar and directional AMS data indicative of unprecedented heterogeneity on the meter-kilometer scale. The 165 Ma Mount Barcroft pluton is primarily of granodiorite composition and was intruded into the Barcroft Structural Break, a northeast striking, steeply dipping structure that juxtaposes Mesozoic metavolcanic rocks to the north against Proterozoic-Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks to the south. Two oriented hand samples (A and B) were collected at each of 78 sites distributed on a 1 kilometer grid pattern across the 5 by 15 kilometer Mount Barcroft pluton and oriented cores were prepared from these hand samples for AMS analysis. Microstructure identification of single thin sections prepared for each sample site yielded primarily magmatic with minor solid-state structures. A highly heterogeneous distribution of scalar parameters (Km, P%, F%, L%, T) was documented both between sample sites and between the A and B cores at individual sites. The heterogeneity may be the result of complex mineral assemblages and the interaction between different magnetic mineral species ranging from single domain to pseudo-single domain to multidomain magnetite. More problematic are the directional parameters between A and B cores in orientation and fabric type (e.g. prolate and oblate susceptibility ellipsoids) occur which cannot be readily explained by a complex mineral assemblage. Different fabric types in A and B cores at individual sample sites could be the result of discrete, temporally unrelated, magma pulses of variable composition and viscosity. Heterogeneity of scalar and directional AMS parameters in the Mount Barcroft pluton, and its contrast with the homogeneous AMS signatures within similar age plutons to the south, may provide evidence for a previously unrecognized magma source beneath the northern White Mountains. / Master of Science

The Effects of Age, Employment, Marriage, and Education on Academic Motivation in Undergraduate Nursing Students Purpose: The amount of research on non-cognitive variables affecting motivation is limited in nursing students. By using Self-Determination Theory, faculty can determine what motivates students to learn which will allow the creation of a learning environment that promotes student achievement. Aim: To determine the effect age, marriage status, employment, and education level have on academic motivation in nursing students in the third semester of a baccalaureate nursing program within the framework of Self-Determination Theory. Method: A descriptive correlational design was used to identify the effect age, marriage status, employment, and education level have on intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation in third semester nursing students (n = 39). After IRB approval, a link to an electronic demographic survey and Academic Motivation Scale-College Version 28 (AMS-C28) was distributed to students. Using SPSS-22, four independent t-tests were conducted to determine if differences existed between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation and the variables age, marriage status, employment status, and education level. Results: The findings indicated the following variables had statistically significant relationships with extrinsic motivation: age (t=-2.108, df=30, p=.017, one-tailed) and employment (t=-2.117, df=37, p=.006, one-tailed). Intrinsic motivation was not statistically significant with any variable. Based on these results, unemployed students over 25 are more likely to be extrinsically motivated to learn. Conclusion: Understanding how non-cognitive variables affect motivation will assist nursing faculty in providing a learning environment that will increase student motivation to learn and graduate. Increasing graduation rates can positively affect the nursing workforce and patient care.