No description available.

No description available.

The role of analysts in corporate governance has been examined extensively in the accounting literature. Two conflicting representations of the influence of analysts have emerged. Analysts are either viewed as external monitors of corporate behavior, thereby reducing agency costs; or they are viewed as exerting additional pressure on management to meet earnings forecasts, which may contribute to aggressive corporate behavior. Studies exist that examine the impact of analyst coverage in a financial reporting context. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of analysts in the corporate tax reporting context. This dissertation examines the impact of analyst coverage on corporate tax aggressiveness using a cross-section of publicly traded firms between 1992 and 2006. Permanent discretionary book-tax differences are used to proxy for tax aggressiveness. The relation is examined using ordinary least squares regression as well as two-stage least squares regression using expected coverage and inclusion in the S&P 500 index as instrumented variables to account for the endogeneity of analyst coverage selections. Additional analyses investigate the impact of analyst characteristics: experience as an analyst, experience covering a specific firm and identification as a top analyst. Results indicate that analyst coverage is associated with lower levels of tax aggressiveness. This finding suggests that analysts serve as external monitors of corporate tax behavior. In addition, more experienced analysts are associated with lower levels of tax aggressiveness indicating an improvement in monitoring ability with experience. Analysts identified as All-American analysts by Institutional Investor magazine are associated with higher levels of tax aggressiveness. This result suggests that top analysts may view aggressive tax behavior as a wealth creation tool for firms. / Ph. D.

I investigate the impacts that information production, information asymmetry have on firms financing choices 3/4 equity financing or debt financing. I find that equity issue announcements encourage more information production than debt issue announcements, which in turn raises the probability of equity financing. In addition, the post-issue stock market performance is positively associated with information production. The results are robust after controlling for investor optimism. I also apply the Heckmans two-step procedure to jointly investigate firms financing choices and offering costs. I find that security-issuing firms choose the less-costly financing type.

O aumento do valor de mercado e da liquidez em bolsa das ações e a expansão da cobertura de analistas e da participação de investidores institucionais são apontados na literatura como metas centrais dos programas de Relações com Investidores - RI. Os resultados de estudos internacionais apontaram relação significativa entre características dos programas de RI das companhias e a consecução destas metas. Entretanto, para o cenário brasileiro, as pesquisas sobre relações com investidores em sua maioria tomam o formato de questionários e visam avaliar a estrutura e o valor das RI na percepção dos profissionais da área e do mercado. Pouco realmente se sabe sobre os efeitos das RI no comportamento das ações das empresas brasileiras. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo é verificar se a estrutura e as atividades de relações com investidores são realmente fatores determinantes da valorização das ações, liquidez em bolsa, cobertura de analistas e participação de investidores institucionais para as companhias abertas brasileiras. Os resultados encontrados apontam que as características dos departamentos de RI tem impacto indireto na liquidez das ações, através da expansão da cobertura de analistas e do número de investidores institucionais. O número de funcionários do departamento de RI apareceu como determinante importante tanto da cobertura de analistas quanto da participação de investidores institucionais. Já a qualidade das relações com investidores e o fato da empresa possuir um diretor exclusivo de RI apareceram como fatores explicativos importantes da cobertura de analistas. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é a de analisar uma questão até então negligenciada pela literatura acadêmica brasileira, mas que pode ter implicações importantes para uma das atividades vitais das companhias: seu relacionamento com os investidores. / The increase in the stocks’ market value, liquidity, analyst following and participation of institutional investors are mentioned in the literature as central goals of Investor Relations programs. International studies have shown the relationship between characteristics of IR programs and the achievement of these goals. However, to the Brazilian context, research on investor relations mostly take the form of questionnaires and aim to evaluate the structure and value of IR in the perception of IR professionals and the market. Little is actually known about the effects of IR on the behavior of the stocks of Brazilian companies. Therefore, the aim of this study is to verify if the organization and activities of investor relations are actually determinants of stock appreciation, stock liquidity, analyst following and institutional ownership for Brazilian companies. The results show that the characteristics of the IR department have indirect effect on the liquidity of the stocks through the expansion of analyst coverage and institutional ownership. The number of employees working in the IR department emerged as important determinant of both analyst following and institutional ownership. The quality of investor relations program and the fact that the company has an exclusive director of IR emerged as important explanatory factors of analyst following. The main contribution of this paper is to analyze an issue so far neglected by the Brazilian academic literature, but which may have important implications for one of the vital activities of the companies: their relationship with investors.

O aumento do valor de mercado e da liquidez em bolsa das ações e a expansão da cobertura de analistas e da participação de investidores institucionais são apontados na literatura como metas centrais dos programas de Relações com Investidores - RI. Os resultados de estudos internacionais apontaram relação significativa entre características dos programas de RI das companhias e a consecução destas metas. Entretanto, para o cenário brasileiro, as pesquisas sobre relações com investidores em sua maioria tomam o formato de questionários e visam avaliar a estrutura e o valor das RI na percepção dos profissionais da área e do mercado. Pouco realmente se sabe sobre os efeitos das RI no comportamento das ações das empresas brasileiras. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo é verificar se a estrutura e as atividades de relações com investidores são realmente fatores determinantes da valorização das ações, liquidez em bolsa, cobertura de analistas e participação de investidores institucionais para as companhias abertas brasileiras. Os resultados encontrados apontam que as características dos departamentos de RI tem impacto indireto na liquidez das ações, através da expansão da cobertura de analistas e do número de investidores institucionais. O número de funcionários do departamento de RI apareceu como determinante importante tanto da cobertura de analistas quanto da participação de investidores institucionais. Já a qualidade das relações com investidores e o fato da empresa possuir um diretor exclusivo de RI apareceram como fatores explicativos importantes da cobertura de analistas. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é a de analisar uma questão até então negligenciada pela literatura acadêmica brasileira, mas que pode ter implicações importantes para uma das atividades vitais das companhias: seu relacionamento com os investidores. / The increase in the stocks’ market value, liquidity, analyst following and participation of institutional investors are mentioned in the literature as central goals of Investor Relations programs. International studies have shown the relationship between characteristics of IR programs and the achievement of these goals. However, to the Brazilian context, research on investor relations mostly take the form of questionnaires and aim to evaluate the structure and value of IR in the perception of IR professionals and the market. Little is actually known about the effects of IR on the behavior of the stocks of Brazilian companies. Therefore, the aim of this study is to verify if the organization and activities of investor relations are actually determinants of stock appreciation, stock liquidity, analyst following and institutional ownership for Brazilian companies. The results show that the characteristics of the IR department have indirect effect on the liquidity of the stocks through the expansion of analyst coverage and institutional ownership. The number of employees working in the IR department emerged as important determinant of both analyst following and institutional ownership. The quality of investor relations program and the fact that the company has an exclusive director of IR emerged as important explanatory factors of analyst following. The main contribution of this paper is to analyze an issue so far neglected by the Brazilian academic literature, but which may have important implications for one of the vital activities of the companies: their relationship with investors.

O aumento do valor de mercado e da liquidez em bolsa das ações e a expansão da cobertura de analistas e da participação de investidores institucionais são apontados na literatura como metas centrais dos programas de Relações com Investidores - RI. Os resultados de estudos internacionais apontaram relação significativa entre características dos programas de RI das companhias e a consecução destas metas. Entretanto, para o cenário brasileiro, as pesquisas sobre relações com investidores em sua maioria tomam o formato de questionários e visam avaliar a estrutura e o valor das RI na percepção dos profissionais da área e do mercado. Pouco realmente se sabe sobre os efeitos das RI no comportamento das ações das empresas brasileiras. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo é verificar se a estrutura e as atividades de relações com investidores são realmente fatores determinantes da valorização das ações, liquidez em bolsa, cobertura de analistas e participação de investidores institucionais para as companhias abertas brasileiras. Os resultados encontrados apontam que as características dos departamentos de RI tem impacto indireto na liquidez das ações, através da expansão da cobertura de analistas e do número de investidores institucionais. O número de funcionários do departamento de RI apareceu como determinante importante tanto da cobertura de analistas quanto da participação de investidores institucionais. Já a qualidade das relações com investidores e o fato da empresa possuir um diretor exclusivo de RI apareceram como fatores explicativos importantes da cobertura de analistas. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é a de analisar uma questão até então negligenciada pela literatura acadêmica brasileira, mas que pode ter implicações importantes para uma das atividades vitais das companhias: seu relacionamento com os investidores. / The increase in the stocks’ market value, liquidity, analyst following and participation of institutional investors are mentioned in the literature as central goals of Investor Relations programs. International studies have shown the relationship between characteristics of IR programs and the achievement of these goals. However, to the Brazilian context, research on investor relations mostly take the form of questionnaires and aim to evaluate the structure and value of IR in the perception of IR professionals and the market. Little is actually known about the effects of IR on the behavior of the stocks of Brazilian companies. Therefore, the aim of this study is to verify if the organization and activities of investor relations are actually determinants of stock appreciation, stock liquidity, analyst following and institutional ownership for Brazilian companies. The results show that the characteristics of the IR department have indirect effect on the liquidity of the stocks through the expansion of analyst coverage and institutional ownership. The number of employees working in the IR department emerged as important determinant of both analyst following and institutional ownership. The quality of investor relations program and the fact that the company has an exclusive director of IR emerged as important explanatory factors of analyst following. The main contribution of this paper is to analyze an issue so far neglected by the Brazilian academic literature, but which may have important implications for one of the vital activities of the companies: their relationship with investors.

No description available.

Les scandales comptables et financiers des années 2000 et l'actualité récente ont montré toute l'importance d'une information fiable délivrée aux actionnaires et les effets très dommageables que peut provoquer le manque de transparence. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier le lien entre la divulgation financière volontaire et la gestion du résultat et de contribuer à l’étude des déterminants de ces deux dimensions de la politique comptable. En ce sens, l’impact de la structure de propriété a été examiné et notamment son effet modérateur dans la relation entre ces dernières. Introduite comme mesure indirecte de la divulgation financière volontaire pour étudier les déterminants de la gestion du résultat, la couverture des analystes financiers est également analysée en tant que variable médiatrice de la relation entre la divulgation financière volontaire et la gestion du résultat. En examinant la littérature relative aux déterminants de la politique comptable, et à la lumière de la théorie positive de la comptabilité et de la théorie de l’information, cette thèse propose un cadre d’analyse différent des travaux de recherche menés dans le contexte français. Il est appuyé par une modélisation en Équations Structurelles (Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)) et plus précisément par la méthode d’estimation des modèles structurels basée sur la variance (Partial Least Squares (PLS)), très peu utilisée en recherche comptable. / The financial scandals of the last decade and recent headlines have clearly shown the full importance of reliable reporting to shareholders and the very damaging effects that a lack of transparency can have. The objective of this thesis is to study the link between voluntary financial disclosure and earnings management, and contribute to the study of the determinants of these two dimensions of accounting policy. The impact of ownership structure is examined, including its moderating effect on the relationship between voluntary disclosures and earnings management. Analyst coverage is introduced as an indirect measure of voluntary financial disclosures to investigate the determinants of earnings management, and also examined as a mediating variable in the voluntary disclosures-earnings management relationship. By reviewing the literature on the determinants of accounting policy in the light of positive accounting theory and information theory, this thesis proposes a different analytical framework for research in the French context. This framework is underpinned by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and more precisely the variance-based method for estimation of structural models (Partial Least Squares (PLS), which is very rarely used in accounting research.

Cette thèse a pour objet d’analyser l’impact du suivi par les analystes financiers lors de l’introduction en bourse sur la qualité du marché secondaire et sur la future vie boursière de l’entreprise. Dans cet objectif, trois études empiriques sont menées sur le marché français. La première apporte une nouvelle explication à la relation positive qui existe entre la sous-évaluation initiale et la liquidité sur le marché secondaire. Elle montre que cette relation positive se forme par le biais de la couverture des analystes financiers. En se basant sur la méthode de l’analyse de survie, notre deuxième étude révèle que le suivi par les analystes financiers a un impact positif sur la durée de vie boursière de l’entreprise. La troisième étude démontre que la couverture peut également influencer l’occurrence et la rapidité d’occurrence d’une émission secondaire. Il apparaît que les firmes les plus couvertes au moment de l’introduction sont celles qui retournent le plus rapidement au marché pour effectuer une émission secondaire garantie. Ces travaux soulignent l’importance du suivi par les analystes financiers des introductions en bourse. / This thesis aims to analyze the impact of IPO analyst coverage on the quality of the secondary market and on the future market life of the firm. For this purpose, three empirical studies are conducted on the French market. The first one provides a new explanation for the positive relation between initial underpricing and post-listing liquidity. We find that this positive relation is formed through analyst coverage. Our second study shows that analyst coverage has a significant positive impact on IPOs survival. The third study explores the linkage between analyst coverage and subsequent seasoned equity offerings. Our results indicate that analyst coverage is a significant predictor of subsequent SEO and that more covered firms are those that return more quickly for an insured offering. Our findings enlighten the importance of analyst coverage around IPOs.