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This sequential, mixed methods study explored students' attitudes towards collaborative learning and their responses to collaborative learning problems in relation to their identity salience. Identities are motivators of human actions that impact an individual's self-esteem and behavioral tendencies (Stryker, 1968). An individual has three identity aspects that are related to different behavioral tendencies: individual, relational, and collective aspects. The identity aspect that an individual acts out across a variety of situations is their identity salience. Implied by the identity salience theory, students' behaviors may be detrimental or beneficial to the effectiveness of collaborative learning based on their identity salience. Results of the study revealed a possible relationship between students' identity salience and their attitudes, prior experiences, working preferences, and priorities in collaborative learning. In addition, results of the study also disclosed students' behavioral tendencies in dealing with collaborative learning problems including group tension, the free-rider effect, and role taking in relation to students' identity salience. Findings of this study can be used to support further investigations on personalized student grouping for effective collaborative learning. / Ph. D.

Better integration of human cultures and ecological communities is needed to sustain the health of people and the land. The inherent difference between concepts and things themselves, and the cultural disconnection between intellectual-conceptual and physical-material work, are implicated in environmental problems. Landscape designbuild is an opportunity to reconnect words, actions, and the land, to set convincing, practical examples for clients to follow, and to foster a mutually beneficial 'culture of habitat' (Nabhan).A collaborative home and landscape design project was undertaken with a family of three. Fieldwork involved a variety of interactive design techniques combining dialogue AND direct experience. The project ended with the completion of a conceptual design but did not reach construction stage before the close of fieldwork.'Embodied conversation' describes the design process, characterized by alternating modes of interaction, turn-taking, negotiation of differences, and emergence of meaning and purpose. This approach heightened participants' awareness of their environment and generated a variety of useful design ideas, but better procedures were needed for moderating the pace of interaction and for making durable decisions. By balancing dialogue and direct experience, a 'conversational' approach to ecological designbuild work can help participants make sense of and use of their habitat in a way that reconciles human needs with ecological functions. / Master of Landscape Architecture

A highly debated subject today is the high level of consumption, how to reduce it and how to start consuming more sustainably. One consequence is an economy based on sharing, or so-called collaborative consumption, which has become exceedingly popular. Grounded on the controversial topic of sustainability, it enables individuals to find alternative ways to consume, namely collaborative lifestyles. The purpose of this study is to explore how interpersonal trust affects engagement in collaborative lifestyles from a gender perspective. Different types of trust, interpersonal trust and online trust, as well as aspects of trust, risk and expectation, have been scrutinized. Empirical data was collected through a qualitative method using online focus groups. The findings show that different kinds of trust affect engagement in collaborative lifestyles. Although no generalization could be made between gender, an indication of gender differences was found in risk taking when engaging in collaborative lifestyle-services. Although interpersonal trust was not the most apparent factor, online trust was found to be of importance for the participants in general. In addition, we saw an indication of younger generations relying more on online trust than interpersonal trust. This study contributes with a greater understanding of consumer behavior in relation to collaborative lifestyles. This can in turn provide companies in the industry with knowledge about their consumers and therefore advantages in market positioning.

Um dos argumentos em favor do Consumo Colaborativo é a sua possível contribuição para um desenvolvimento mais sustentável. Nesta pesquisa, Desenvolvimento Sustentável é a satisfação das necessidades humanas do presente considerando a preservação dos recursos naturais para as próximas gerações. Logo, o alcance de padrões e níveis de consumo mais sustentáveis envolve a construção de relações entre diversos setores sociais, como produtores, comerciantes e consumidores. Partindo desse pressuposto, este estudo identificou de que forma o Consumo Colaborativo se relaciona com o Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Para isso, recorreu-se a um estudo de múltiplos casos, com quatro organizações colaborativas que representaram diferentes tipos de Consumo Colaborativo existentes no Brasil. Cada um dos casos pesquisados foi analisado a partir de uma série de características identificadas na literatura, tanto da perspectiva da organização colaborativa, como do consumidor e sobre suas bases para promover o desenvolvimento sustentável. Foram pesquisados quatro casos: Bliive, Airbnb, BlaBlaCar e Retroca, e obtidos dados de três formas: 21 entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com consumidores; análise dados existentes nas plataformas online e aplicação de questionários quantitativos aos entrevistados, para avaliar as atitudes e orientações coletivas de valor individualista-coletivista, a fim de comparar com as respostas obtidas pelas entrevistas. Os principais resultados destacados foram: a) motivações: econômicas, interação social em suas diversas formas, como formação de amizades, parcerias e cuidado ao próximo, preocupações com o meio ambiente e ativismo político. Além de curiosidade por explorar algo novo, qualidade dos produtos e busca por formas de aprendizado; b) dentre as características mais presentes destacou-se que a confiabilidade não é impedimento para os consumidores, alguns consumidores eram mais engajados nas plataformas e estavam mais dispostos em participar de outras formas de colaboração. Nos casos onde não existia anonimato os consumidores interagiam entre si. Essas características destacam as organizações colaborativas como fundamentais para que se desenvolva um sentimento de conexão e formação de comunidade; c) o Consumo Colaborativo é potencial para atender as necessidades humanas. Sendo cada caso com suas características e satisfatores específicos, em menor ou maior quantidade; d) os aspectos de relacionados à preservação dos recursos naturais foram encontrados em dois dos casos estudados, e foram considerados independentes da atitude ambiental dos consumidores, pois estes, de forma geral, apresentaram preocupação com a preservação dos recursos naturais; e) por fim, sobre a orientação coletivista dos consumidores, apenas as consumidoras do Retroca não destacaram uma consciência de grupo maior que a individual. Todos os dados permitiram concluir que se deu algum grau de relação entre o Consumo Colaborativo e o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, seja na sua dimensão ecológica social ou de coletividade. Limitações e contribuições gerenciais e teóricas foram evidenciadas. / One of the arguments in favor of Collaborative Consumption is its potential to contribute to a more sustainable development. About this research, Sustainable Development is the satisfaction of human needs of this considering the preservation of natural resources for future generations. Thus, the scope of standards and more sustainable consumption levels involves building relationships between various social sectors, as producers, traders and consumers. Based on this assumption, this study identified how the Collaborative Consumption is related to sustainable development. For this, it was used a multiple-case study with four cases representing different types of Collaborative Consumption in Brazil. Each one of the studied case was analyzed from a number of features identified in the literature, both from the perspective of collaborative organization as consumer and on its basis to promote sustainable development (current human needs and for the future and preservation of natural resources). Four cases were investigated: Bliive, Airbnb, BlaBlaCar and Retroca, and the data obtained in three ways: 21 semi-structured interviews with consumers; data analysis on existing online platforms and application of quantitative questionnaires to respondents to assess the attitudes and collective orientations of individualist-collectivist value in order to compare the responses from the interviews. The main results highlighted were: a) motivations: economic, social interaction in its various forms, such as forming friendships, partnerships and care for others, concern for the environment and political activism. Besides curiosity to explore something new, product quality and search for ways of learning; b) among the most present characteristics it stood out that reliability is no impediment to consumers, some consumers were more engaged in decks and were more willing to participate in other forms of collaboration. The cases where there are no anonymous consumers interacted with each other. These characteristics highlight the collaborative as key organizations in order to develop a sense of connection and community training; c) Collaborative Consumption is potential to meet human needs. As each case with their specific characteristics and Satisfiers, a greater or lesser quantity; d) aspects related to the preservation of natural resources were found in two of the cases studied, and were considered independent of the environmental attitude of consumers as these, in general, they showed concern for the preservation of natural resources; e) finally, on the collectivist orientation of consumers, only the consumers of Retroca have individual consciousness larger than collective consciousness. Every data has some relationship degree between the Collaborative Consumption and Sustainable Development, both in their social and ecological dimension or collectivity. Limitations and managerial and theoretical contributions were highlighted.

With the technology evolves over time, science and production process has been updated continuously. Manufacturers not only provide higher efficiency, but also offers products with better cost effective to customers. However, accompanied by the global economy and development of information technology, competitions among enterprises are stronger. It also challenges the relationship between suppliers and their customers. As the result, this situation can not fulfilled customer¡¦s demand. The increased of productivity and smooth market information exchange are the common scenario to price competition. Therefore, increase competitive advantages and relationship building have become two major topics to both suppliers and manufacturers. With progress of times, technology and produce, make constant renewal science and technology, producer not only offer good products of efficiency but also the intersection of cost and product of advantage to the customer even more in the past. The economic environment that but it is globalized to follow, and the development of information technology, let the competition between enterprises be fierce day by day. Also let the supplier challenged with the customer's cooperation relation more extremely too. The traditional business model of making the trade of the price with quantity in the past, it has been already unable to satisfy the customer. The improvement of productivity, the market information on the network is smooth, the price competition that causes is the normality, no matter to supplier or manufacturer, how improve competitiveness and strong compound, it makes relations to be important subject. The research via observe ¡Binterview ¡Band relevant literature, sort out and propose coordination with academy and trend of development of collaborative marketing. With the vertical cooperation relation between supplier and customer in the industry, and expand while organizing the functionality is combined, sell the products to the market of goal in cooperation so that together. The meaning supplier in coordination with marketing is not merely to sell products and service to the customer, another respect is sold with customer's common cooperative planning on the market too, and it is essential to offer and assist, sell to terminal consumer smoothly products, only the intersection of products and smooth the intersection of sale and customer in customer. Through analyze, sum up, offer supplier and famous the intersection of computer and co-operation that manufacturer succeed in on sale throughout the factor, the conclusion studied can be offered in the future of industrial circle to strengthening the relation with the customer's partner, and the reference of enterprise's competitive strategy. This research is based on observation, interview and worldwide studies, integrated with development of collaborative marketing. From the vertical cooperation of supplier and customers and extended to functionality integration within organization; thus to market product to the target segment. Collaborative marketing is not only selling products to, but also services as well as product planning and market positioning with customers. It also provides assistance to successfully sell to end users. Through analysis, this research has concluded the factors of successful marketing of suppliers and well known computer manufacturers and strengthens future relationship with customers and competition strategies in the industry. As the result of this research, the more effective the collaborative marketing is, the better the product positioned perceived by the end users. However, the researches done previously focused more on supply chain and value chain analysis. In the past, enterprises prioritized collaborative manufacture and design and invested heavily on ERP rather than focusing on collaborative marketing which is the most valuable stage in the process. To market product collaboratively is actually to increase value and differentiate itself from others. Collaborative marketing indeed increase company¡¦s performance and stronger relationship with customer. This research highlighted the meaning of collaborative marketing and looking forward to active participation and discussion from academy.

Um dos argumentos em favor do Consumo Colaborativo é a sua possível contribuição para um desenvolvimento mais sustentável. Nesta pesquisa, Desenvolvimento Sustentável é a satisfação das necessidades humanas do presente considerando a preservação dos recursos naturais para as próximas gerações. Logo, o alcance de padrões e níveis de consumo mais sustentáveis envolve a construção de relações entre diversos setores sociais, como produtores, comerciantes e consumidores. Partindo desse pressuposto, este estudo identificou de que forma o Consumo Colaborativo se relaciona com o Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Para isso, recorreu-se a um estudo de múltiplos casos, com quatro organizações colaborativas que representaram diferentes tipos de Consumo Colaborativo existentes no Brasil. Cada um dos casos pesquisados foi analisado a partir de uma série de características identificadas na literatura, tanto da perspectiva da organização colaborativa, como do consumidor e sobre suas bases para promover o desenvolvimento sustentável. Foram pesquisados quatro casos: Bliive, Airbnb, BlaBlaCar e Retroca, e obtidos dados de três formas: 21 entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com consumidores; análise dados existentes nas plataformas online e aplicação de questionários quantitativos aos entrevistados, para avaliar as atitudes e orientações coletivas de valor individualista-coletivista, a fim de comparar com as respostas obtidas pelas entrevistas. Os principais resultados destacados foram: a) motivações: econômicas, interação social em suas diversas formas, como formação de amizades, parcerias e cuidado ao próximo, preocupações com o meio ambiente e ativismo político. Além de curiosidade por explorar algo novo, qualidade dos produtos e busca por formas de aprendizado; b) dentre as características mais presentes destacou-se que a confiabilidade não é impedimento para os consumidores, alguns consumidores eram mais engajados nas plataformas e estavam mais dispostos em participar de outras formas de colaboração. Nos casos onde não existia anonimato os consumidores interagiam entre si. Essas características destacam as organizações colaborativas como fundamentais para que se desenvolva um sentimento de conexão e formação de comunidade; c) o Consumo Colaborativo é potencial para atender as necessidades humanas. Sendo cada caso com suas características e satisfatores específicos, em menor ou maior quantidade; d) os aspectos de relacionados à preservação dos recursos naturais foram encontrados em dois dos casos estudados, e foram considerados independentes da atitude ambiental dos consumidores, pois estes, de forma geral, apresentaram preocupação com a preservação dos recursos naturais; e) por fim, sobre a orientação coletivista dos consumidores, apenas as consumidoras do Retroca não destacaram uma consciência de grupo maior que a individual. Todos os dados permitiram concluir que se deu algum grau de relação entre o Consumo Colaborativo e o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, seja na sua dimensão ecológica social ou de coletividade. Limitações e contribuições gerenciais e teóricas foram evidenciadas. / One of the arguments in favor of Collaborative Consumption is its potential to contribute to a more sustainable development. About this research, Sustainable Development is the satisfaction of human needs of this considering the preservation of natural resources for future generations. Thus, the scope of standards and more sustainable consumption levels involves building relationships between various social sectors, as producers, traders and consumers. Based on this assumption, this study identified how the Collaborative Consumption is related to sustainable development. For this, it was used a multiple-case study with four cases representing different types of Collaborative Consumption in Brazil. Each one of the studied case was analyzed from a number of features identified in the literature, both from the perspective of collaborative organization as consumer and on its basis to promote sustainable development (current human needs and for the future and preservation of natural resources). Four cases were investigated: Bliive, Airbnb, BlaBlaCar and Retroca, and the data obtained in three ways: 21 semi-structured interviews with consumers; data analysis on existing online platforms and application of quantitative questionnaires to respondents to assess the attitudes and collective orientations of individualist-collectivist value in order to compare the responses from the interviews. The main results highlighted were: a) motivations: economic, social interaction in its various forms, such as forming friendships, partnerships and care for others, concern for the environment and political activism. Besides curiosity to explore something new, product quality and search for ways of learning; b) among the most present characteristics it stood out that reliability is no impediment to consumers, some consumers were more engaged in decks and were more willing to participate in other forms of collaboration. The cases where there are no anonymous consumers interacted with each other. These characteristics highlight the collaborative as key organizations in order to develop a sense of connection and community training; c) Collaborative Consumption is potential to meet human needs. As each case with their specific characteristics and Satisfiers, a greater or lesser quantity; d) aspects related to the preservation of natural resources were found in two of the cases studied, and were considered independent of the environmental attitude of consumers as these, in general, they showed concern for the preservation of natural resources; e) finally, on the collectivist orientation of consumers, only the consumers of Retroca have individual consciousness larger than collective consciousness. Every data has some relationship degree between the Collaborative Consumption and Sustainable Development, both in their social and ecological dimension or collectivity. Limitations and managerial and theoretical contributions were highlighted.

Um dos argumentos em favor do Consumo Colaborativo é a sua possível contribuição para um desenvolvimento mais sustentável. Nesta pesquisa, Desenvolvimento Sustentável é a satisfação das necessidades humanas do presente considerando a preservação dos recursos naturais para as próximas gerações. Logo, o alcance de padrões e níveis de consumo mais sustentáveis envolve a construção de relações entre diversos setores sociais, como produtores, comerciantes e consumidores. Partindo desse pressuposto, este estudo identificou de que forma o Consumo Colaborativo se relaciona com o Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Para isso, recorreu-se a um estudo de múltiplos casos, com quatro organizações colaborativas que representaram diferentes tipos de Consumo Colaborativo existentes no Brasil. Cada um dos casos pesquisados foi analisado a partir de uma série de características identificadas na literatura, tanto da perspectiva da organização colaborativa, como do consumidor e sobre suas bases para promover o desenvolvimento sustentável. Foram pesquisados quatro casos: Bliive, Airbnb, BlaBlaCar e Retroca, e obtidos dados de três formas: 21 entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com consumidores; análise dados existentes nas plataformas online e aplicação de questionários quantitativos aos entrevistados, para avaliar as atitudes e orientações coletivas de valor individualista-coletivista, a fim de comparar com as respostas obtidas pelas entrevistas. Os principais resultados destacados foram: a) motivações: econômicas, interação social em suas diversas formas, como formação de amizades, parcerias e cuidado ao próximo, preocupações com o meio ambiente e ativismo político. Além de curiosidade por explorar algo novo, qualidade dos produtos e busca por formas de aprendizado; b) dentre as características mais presentes destacou-se que a confiabilidade não é impedimento para os consumidores, alguns consumidores eram mais engajados nas plataformas e estavam mais dispostos em participar de outras formas de colaboração. Nos casos onde não existia anonimato os consumidores interagiam entre si. Essas características destacam as organizações colaborativas como fundamentais para que se desenvolva um sentimento de conexão e formação de comunidade; c) o Consumo Colaborativo é potencial para atender as necessidades humanas. Sendo cada caso com suas características e satisfatores específicos, em menor ou maior quantidade; d) os aspectos de relacionados à preservação dos recursos naturais foram encontrados em dois dos casos estudados, e foram considerados independentes da atitude ambiental dos consumidores, pois estes, de forma geral, apresentaram preocupação com a preservação dos recursos naturais; e) por fim, sobre a orientação coletivista dos consumidores, apenas as consumidoras do Retroca não destacaram uma consciência de grupo maior que a individual. Todos os dados permitiram concluir que se deu algum grau de relação entre o Consumo Colaborativo e o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, seja na sua dimensão ecológica social ou de coletividade. Limitações e contribuições gerenciais e teóricas foram evidenciadas. / One of the arguments in favor of Collaborative Consumption is its potential to contribute to a more sustainable development. About this research, Sustainable Development is the satisfaction of human needs of this considering the preservation of natural resources for future generations. Thus, the scope of standards and more sustainable consumption levels involves building relationships between various social sectors, as producers, traders and consumers. Based on this assumption, this study identified how the Collaborative Consumption is related to sustainable development. For this, it was used a multiple-case study with four cases representing different types of Collaborative Consumption in Brazil. Each one of the studied case was analyzed from a number of features identified in the literature, both from the perspective of collaborative organization as consumer and on its basis to promote sustainable development (current human needs and for the future and preservation of natural resources). Four cases were investigated: Bliive, Airbnb, BlaBlaCar and Retroca, and the data obtained in three ways: 21 semi-structured interviews with consumers; data analysis on existing online platforms and application of quantitative questionnaires to respondents to assess the attitudes and collective orientations of individualist-collectivist value in order to compare the responses from the interviews. The main results highlighted were: a) motivations: economic, social interaction in its various forms, such as forming friendships, partnerships and care for others, concern for the environment and political activism. Besides curiosity to explore something new, product quality and search for ways of learning; b) among the most present characteristics it stood out that reliability is no impediment to consumers, some consumers were more engaged in decks and were more willing to participate in other forms of collaboration. The cases where there are no anonymous consumers interacted with each other. These characteristics highlight the collaborative as key organizations in order to develop a sense of connection and community training; c) Collaborative Consumption is potential to meet human needs. As each case with their specific characteristics and Satisfiers, a greater or lesser quantity; d) aspects related to the preservation of natural resources were found in two of the cases studied, and were considered independent of the environmental attitude of consumers as these, in general, they showed concern for the preservation of natural resources; e) finally, on the collectivist orientation of consumers, only the consumers of Retroca have individual consciousness larger than collective consciousness. Every data has some relationship degree between the Collaborative Consumption and Sustainable Development, both in their social and ecological dimension or collectivity. Limitations and managerial and theoretical contributions were highlighted.