A Study of the Influence of Collaborative Learning in Arts and Humanities on the Professional Growth of Arts and Humanities Teachers ¡V with NanTz Primary School as an Example Chen Ying-Ming Graduate Institute of Education National Sun Yat-Sen University Abstract The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of the collaborative learning practice in arts and humanities curriculum in elementary school on the professional growth on the teachers of the subjects. The research employs action research as the methodology, with Nan Tz Primary School, Kaoshiung as the objects and the Head of the school as the researcher. In the observation of the collaborative learning in classes, the difficulties and problems arisen in the collaborative learning are located for further research. With the current situations concerning the teachers and students in collaborative learning and related materials, analysis is conducted. Further, interviews are also employed for profound understanding. In this research, a 5-scale questionnaire is employed. Concerning scores, positive marking is adopted; 4 is given to a perfect match, 3 for a majority match, 2 to a part match, and 1 for a minority match. The answers that do not match don¡¦t count. The average is 2. The questions with an average over 2 are inclined to be regarded as positive identification. Meanwhile, for those with an average lower than 2 are inclined to be regarded as negative identification. There are 10 valid questionnaires. The testing is conducted with a self-compiled questionnaire. A pretest is undertaken with the teachers as testees before the beginning collaborative learning curriculum. When the class collaborative learning ends, the post-test is conducted. In this research, the findings of the pretest and posttest concerning the collaborative learning in arts and humanities curriculum are as follows: (1) The research discovers that the teaching plan and course design concerning the arts and humanities curriculum, the professional ¡§teaching knowledge¡¨, including the understanding and applications of the nature and implications concerning the terrain of arts and humanities, the teachers possess are unclear. (2) The research discovers that concerning the issue of collaborative learning, the teachers show to have difficulties and lack motivations in the aspects of the operation of teaching media, the arrangement of multidimensional evaluation, and the employment of multidimensional evaluations, the employment of teaching resources to assist instruction, and the professional capability¡X¡§teaching abilities¡¨ the teacher faces, including soft and hardware equipment, especially in the use of media and the creation of learning situations, etc. (3) To review the profession as problems, as a reflection in teaching, the input of time in class preparation and ¡§teaching attitude,¡¨ including the teachers that stick to the traditional teaching method, the teachers that are not willing to spend time and energy in using the new teaching method, etc. These problems will lead to the lessening of enthusiasm in teaching. (4) According to the research findings, it is discovered that collaborative teaching in arts and humanities curriculum can allow the teachers to understand the meanings, essence, and importance concerning professional growth. (5) After employing collaborative learning in arts and humanities, teachers in elementary schools can follow the circulatory process of ¡§plan>teaching>observation>reflection>amendment¡¨. Following this process, they can keep improving; and the teachers team can work in teams habitually, as part of the teaching goals, design of syllabus, and sharing their concepts. They can also keep cooperation in teaching activities to elevate the teaching knowledge, teaching abilities, teaching attitudes, to promote the teachers¡¦ growth. Eventually, according to the research results suggestions future development is given to education units, school executives, and future researchers concerning the professional growth. Keywords: arts and humanities, collaborative learning, teaching professionalism, professional growth

Although there are numerous online classes now, yet it is still questionable whether it can achieve the purpose to be initiative, diversified, interactive and collaborative. Taking a look at the current online classrooms, the functions developed by the systems are getting more and more complete; meanwhile, the user-friendliness which is getting improving has brought more convenience for users. However, if there should not be any powerful drive that is pushing from behind, most students would not spend much time getting online to participate in interaction and such classrooms with nearly no students were similar to nonexistence at all. Even for those online classrooms that are more popular among students, the messages left on their bulletin boards are mostly questions for requirements of the class and reposting of some online articles. Not many students can share what they know about these lessons and express how they feel in a profound way, which does not help a lot for learning efficiency of knowledge construction. This study is based on the related theories of learning communities by referencing Tsai, Chung-Yuan¡¦s (Tsai, Chung-Yuan, 2001) instructive interactive design of control, feedback, and facilitate strategies to provide students an online classroom for their spare-time learning by themselves as an experimental platform. Based on a mode of quasi-experiment, it is to group them and manipulate the dependent variables, and to observe the learning behaviors and participation of the subjects in order to empirically test the instructively and socially interactive strategies among teachers and students, students and their peers. For teachers, this study is expected to find an empirically proved strategic mode that can encourage students to have initiative learning and highly participation in the online classroom, and designs a questionnaire aiming at students¡¦ motivations and satisfactions, and the efficiency of group collaborative learning and studying groups. As for students, it is to explore the bottleneck that they have faced and couldn¡¦t break through all the time, then makes a deduction and designs some successful operational strategies to make online classroom work in order to achieve the learning efficacy so that online classroom will not become just another BBS established on the internet platform but can help to fulfill the dream of online learning.

Abstract The collaborative product development or strategic alliances is a contemporary trend. Although collaborative new product development is widely recognized risky and its value has been questioned, new products remain the lifeblood of businesses and the essence for firms to survive in the competitive and rapid changing world. Nevertheless, many advantages drive the enterprises engaging in the collaborative model. To bring new product to market faster, better, and cheaper, the collaborative new product development model has been demonstrated in amount of various settings as one of the most effective and efficient solutions for new product development, especially for those businesses that lack for sufficient R&D resources. The purpose of this study is to present a framework with some practitioners¡¦ new product development experience along with literature research and a case study of collaborative new platform product development project in Taiwan¡¦s steel industry. Tsang Min Chiu has been engaged in the study case as the coordinator of the project. As a participated observer, the author deeply involves the project and keeps a complete set of documents. Therefore, in addition to the literature, the data collection are mainly done by documentation and complemented by semi-constructed interview. In this study, a collaborative new product development framework with suggestions of practitioners¡¦ viewpoints has been presented. In the framework, a total of 14 successful factors have been identified and classified into internal, external, and collaborative factors with seven, three, and four components respectively. The internal key factors comprise of market-orientated product strategy, effective use of outside resources & technologies, strong organization structure and support, early involvement of team members and partners, effective internal communication, adequate resources, and good new product development process and execution. The external factors include market trend& environmental change, collaborator¡¦s support, and key external technology utilization. And, the collaborative factors consist of external communication, trust, contribution, and benefits sharing. The results of the study suggest that firms may successfully copy the collaborative new product development model by effective execution and cooperation of critical internal factors, external factors, and collaborative factors in the framework and mirroring the practitioners¡¦ experience. However the framework derived from single case under specific conditions is limited and it would require further studies for its generalization.

Ever since the rapid growth of the Internet, recommender systems have become essential in helping online users to search and retrieve relevant information they need. Just like the situation that people rely heavily on recommendation in their daily decision making processes, online users may identify desired documents more effectively and efficiently through recommendation of other users who exhibit similar interests, and/or through extracting crucial features of the users¡¦ past preferences. Typical recommendation approaches can be classified into collaborative filtering and content-based filtering. Both approaches, however, have their own drawbacks. The purpose of this research is thus to propose a hybrid approach for text recommendations. We combine collaborative input and document content to facilitate the creation of extended content-based user profiles. These profiles are then rearranged with the technique of latent semantic indexing. Two experiments are conducted to verify our proposed approach. The objective of these experiments is to compare the recommendation results from our proposed approach with those from the other two approaches. The results show that our approach is capable of distinguishing different degrees of document preference, and makes appropriate recommendation to users or does not make recommendation to users for uninterested documents. The application of our proposed approach is justified accordingly.

On account of the rapid change of the consuming market and the industry market and the widely shortening of product¡¦s life cycle, confronting the stress from the market end, the competition strategy of the enterprises has conversed from pursuing high quality and low cost in the past into the strategy of satisfying customers¡¦ requirements. With the influence of satisfying the customers¡¦ diversified requirement of products, in addition that the trades shall continue taking consideration of the original factors of low cost and high quality, factors like the launch time of products, the speed of delivery date and the satisfaction degree of the customers¡¦ requirements have even become the key ones if the enterprises can maintain their competitiveness. Being facing with the threat from low labor cost of China, India and countries in South-east Asia, the superiority that OEM industries used to have has no longer existed and the only competitiveness they have lies in the R&D design capability. In consideration of this, the enterprises have developed toward globalization commerce and the mode of collaborative product commerce and implement the collaborative product commerce to create an superior R&D environment of products in accommodation with the rapid changed competition markets and integrate and cooperation with the supply chain in the upper and lower reach manufacturers and expect to set up systemized procedure from the process of product R&D to the production so as to promote the service quality to the customers as well as to decrease the failure cost of direct material and supplies and shorten the affect Time to Volume to the turnover and profits and further achieve the earlier winning chance of Time To Market and elaborate multiple strength. Under the circumstance that the speed of customers¡¦ favor to the products and its change have become faster and faster, the life cycle of products has then become shorter and shorter and the characteristics and appearances have also become more and more complicated, which have generated situations such as the structure value of products continually changed and increased, giant increasing information quantity and activities of frequent engineering change. Engineering Change (EC) has thus become an essential and important process in the whole products life cycle. How to fast and effectively deal with the engineering change with collaborative cooperation mode and shorten the products¡¦ launch cycle and ensure the quality and the satisfaction degree of the customers shall be considered as one of the important factors that the enterprises maintain their competitiveness. In view that the operation procedure of product R&D is very complicated, during the process the customers¡¦ requirement, technical demands and the capability of the suppliers may be changed due to the time and condition. Therefore, whether to shorten the time of product development and design shall become the key to determine if the enterprise can accomplish in taking the lead in the business field. According to the investigation, to the senior supervisors of an enterprise, most answers to if the time of new products development and change time of products¡¦ design are important are positive. Such answers also mean that the related issues like the procedure of R&D design and the shortening of engineering change procedure are one of the most popular topics in this trade. PTC and Reed Research Group have proceeded a research in object to more than 200 senior supervisors in charge of new products development and management in the global electronic and high technology companies. The result of the research has shown that the leading trades have gained more than 20% growth of revenue through promoting capability of products development and also gained multiple profits. The extraordinary performance of these companies with high growth is attributed to (a) products planning tools and the use of practical methods (b) mutually establish standardized internal and external coordination with cooperated partners (c) the design staffs have gained at an early date three products development capability like the enterprises and the information of supply chains and are enforced to carry them out so that that are able to implement high efficiency and conform to progress and budge and to keep tracking and solving the potential problems soonest within the design cycle. [1] On the basis of the above-mentioned results of investigation, we find that how the enterprises apply tool like Collaborative Product Commerce (CPC) to carry out the engineering change operation under the collaborative environment and further shorten the development and design time of new products and achieve the requests of diversified customers, low cost, high quality and short delivery date and finally become one of the topics that nowadays the enterprises are eager to learn. Engineering change management (ECM) is a sort of changed management in object to the released parts, blueprints, and software during the process of R&D or production and is one part of product R&D procedure. Because it is essential for each stage within the development life cycle of the whole products to carry out engineering change, therefore, the study has proceeded conferring the adjustment condition among the engineering change in object to the collaborative operation of the enterprises and the result of study has also obtained several conclusions to be provided as the reference mode when the enterprises implement ECM system and the related important topic for discussion when it is implemented and the enterprises can make appropriate adjustment and change accordingly. Keywords¡G Collaborative Product Commerce, Engineering Change, Adaptive Structuration Theory

Industrially supported projects, which are an important part of industrial design education, have been carried on with an increasing pace in universities in Turkey for a long time. This thesis develops strategies to improve collaborative projects with industry in industrial design education, by examining how collaboration member benefit from each other&rsquo / s and which problems do they encounter with collaboration / and to find out what the needs and expectations of all members are through a case study of graduation projects. As a case study, the graduation project course in the Department of Industrial Design at Middle East Technical University in 2005 spring semester was chosen, where collaboration with industry has been regularly held since 2002. Results of questionnaires with all collaboration members namely the students, educators and company representatives were evaluated in order to develop strategies. As a conclusion, implications to facilitate further developments of university- industry collaboration projects and academic schemes are reached.

Product is the core of an enterprise, and the major portion of its cost is determined in the design phase. By managing the design chain more effectively the enterprise can design the product to fit customer need, cut down cost and speed up time to market. All the benefits give rise to the implementation of Collaborative Product Commerce (CPC) system, whose purpose is to let all relevant parties including the focal company, customers, and suppliers to design, develop and manage the product in its whole product life cycle. In the literature of information technology (IT) and organizational change, the expected results of IT implementation may not happen, depending on the interaction between technology and organization. To illustrate this phenomenon, Adaptive Structuration Theory¡¦s (AST) is invoked to probe into the interaction between the CPC system and the organization. Our research findings indicated that the implementation of CPC system is influenced by the CPC¡¦s spirit, organizational environment, task features and group¡¦s internal structure. All these lead to variation in the appropriation process, which in turn has impact on the organizational performance. AST is helpful to explain the problems encountered in implementing CPC system. These include the improvement of product design and development process, the integration of CPC system and ERP system, the selection of consulting firms, and the user¡¦s attitudes. The CPC spirit is to achieve the optimized product design and development process. In the aspect of organizational environment, both executive support and openness of organizational culture are positive factors for implementation. In the aspect task feature, the relationship of the focal company with its downstream or upstream partners has significant impact on the task to be implemented by the CPC system, whether the appropriation process will go smoothly depends the reengineering effort made on the existing processes. In the aspect of group¡¦s internal structure, the experience, learning capability, and computer efficacy of user have positive impact on implementation. In addition, the consultants are also helpful to the implementation, which can be judged by their experiences, turnover rate, and domain knowledge. The appropriation process is evaluated by the consensus and the attitude of the user towards the CPC system, and these two factors all have positive impact on the implementation. The final conclusion renders that a prior established product data management in company with product design and development process reengineering will be helpful to the implementation of CPC system. In addition, the consultants interpret CPC¡¦s spirit. Therefore a partnership with the consultant company and the communication between the user and the consultant are helpful to the implementation of CPC system.

When Taiwan's software industry faces difficult environment, in cases of this study explore the company uses open-source marketing strategy to enter the global market and explore the motivation of members joining collaborative software project and collaborative mechanism .The conclusion will provide the internal software industry for reference¡D The most important success factor of open-source software is great product charm.Base on this factor and use word-of-mouth effect to get large number users of downloading software freely in the short time.If a user applies the dual-license of the software, he will contribute benefit. The motivation of creator joining this project is cause of Taiwan¡¦s software market is too small, so need to enter global market to make money, in this reason use open-source marketing strategy to enter global market and learn from world-class talent by exchanging view to achieve their goal. About developer¡¦s motivation is cause of the culture of this company invites developers joining this project is their motivation.About the motivation of user joining this project is cause of the requirement drive user to find AJAX solution in SourceForge.Net webside and finded ZK project ranked first in the category of AJAX. The personal developer evolve from user and the motivation is cause of they feel identification from ZK project and wish ZK product can become better and better. The open-source project is collectting public power to finish a product and it is more complex then open-ended project,so have a good platform will achieve multiplier effect.Manager in the system level considerations is simple and flexible.Product development is divided into core and non-core.The core is developed by senior engineer with experience, non-core is developed by general engineer. If the external personal¡¦s programs will be integrated into products, Copyright must be gived up. Otherwise, these can also be used plus-in way into products.The platform has making full use of the Internet community concept to design forums and issue tracking system.If users have any questions, ideas in the product, they can use the forume to discuss, express their views or ask questions.

Growing volume of spam mails have not only decreased the productivity of people but also become a security threat on the Internet. Mail servers should have abilities to filter out spam mails which change time by time precisely and manage increasing spam rules which generated by mail servers automatically and effectively. Most paper only focused on single aspect (especially for spam rule generation) to prevent spam mail. However, in real word, spam prevention is not just applying data mining algorithm for rule generation. To filter out spam mails correctly in a real world, there are still many issues should be considered in addition to spam rule generation. In this paper, we integrate three modules to form a complete anti-spam system, they are spam rule generation module, spam rule reinforcement module and spam rule exchange module. In this paper, rule-based data mining approach is used to generate exchangeable spam rules. The feedback of user¡¦s returns is reinforced spam rule. The distributing spam rules are exchanged through machine-readable XML format. The results of experiment draw the following conclusion: (1) The spam filter can filter out the Chinese mails by analyzing the header characteristics. (2) Rules exchanged among mail improve the spam recall and accuracy of mail servers. (3) Rules reinforced improve the effectiveness of spam rule.

As the consumption trend has shifted to personal uniqueness, the traditional mass production of a single product has already been replaced by a small amount of various production to match consumption pattern. To meet challenge imposed by the market, manufacturers must change tactics and methods in their R&D activities. Consumers have already taken the high-quality products or services for granted, hoping to obtain the desired products or services that as soon as possible. The manufacturer expects to push new products or services to the market earlier than the competitors¡¦ move in order to gain extra profit margins. Higher price can be sold for a product pushed earlier to the market than a later product with the similar function. The products that lag behind in the market introduction will suffer lower prices or no profit. The manufacturer always wants to clear out the stock of existing products to control costs, and attempts to introduce new products or new services with more new functions before followers do. The purpose is to dominate the market and let followers not to enjoy profit margins. So, how to speed up the products¡¦ lifecycle should be the goal for enterprises to pursue. Recently, each enterprise emphasizes the core competencies, keep and strengthen the strong abilities of enterprises, and conducts outsourcing the less competitive products to those companies that are familiar with related manufacturing technologies. In the process a new product is developed or the modification for the product design has taken place. Questions arise as to : (1) how to transmit information to the person who must know as soon as possible? (2) how to guarantee the product information that the research personnel receive is the correct edition? Collaborative Product Commerce between the organizations will encounter more difficulties and challenges than the Collaborative Product Commerce within the organization. And this subject has already become serious challenges in the supply chain. The products function has grown more complicated, and a lot of unconfirmed factors exist in the development of new products. While the project developed carries on, customers¡¦ requirement, manufacturing technology and restriction of engineering ability, and the restriction of the supplier's engineering ability, may all influence the new product engineering. So while the new product development project carries on, because of these changes they will cause design modification or manufacturing operation modification, in order to enable development of the products to maintain integrally, and reach the goal of the project. So how to use PLM system to coordinate with among different functional organization department, and to coordinate inter-organization project team members, have become the main issues of this thesis. For Semiconductor Industry, Taiwan is the most important manufacture area of the world, from IC design, wafer fabrication, wafer probing, IC packing and final test, etc. Taiwan has a entire and strong supply chains. Count according to Dataquest, the global semiconductor assembly and testing industry subcontractor, Taiwan got the 43.7% market share in 2005, nearly have about 30% of leading disparity with No. two U.S.A. with scale of 6,641 million dollars, it is obvious Taiwan is the leading status of the industry in the whole world. This research takes case A Company as an example, and compares the new product development procedure before PLM implementation and after, including the project workflow, data access, information sharing, knowledge sharing, decision making and information security, in order to offer a reference model for the manufacturing industry especially semiconductor assembly and testing industry of Taiwan to implement PLM System.