The purpose of the study was to study various factors which might influence the level of satisfaction in close relationships. The theories which have been covered are: The triangular theory of love, The Investment model, Bowlby´s and Ainsworth attachment theories, The Equity theory, and the reward theory of attraction. The variables which were studied were: intimacy, rewards, commitment and equity. The level of perceived superiority was also studied, as well as satisfaction level in comparison to duration in the current relationship. A multiple regression was employed to find out which one of the variables above would associate strongest with satisfaction. A questionnaire was used to collect the data and a reliability test was therefore carried out. 72 participants took part in the study, 44 females and 28 males. The result showed that commitment had the strongest association with satisfaction, followed by intimacy. The result also showed that there was a negative significant correlation between superiority and level of satisfaction. More over the result did not show any correlation between duration in the current relationship and satisfaction. Two regressions were also performed to see which one of the variables (intimacy, reward, commitment and equity) would associate strongest with satisfaction in two conditions. The results showed that commitment had the strongest association for the condition with the participants who had been in their relationship 1-6 years. Commitment also had the strongest association in the other condition followed by intimacy. In this condition the participants had been in their relationship for seven years or more. The main discussion points have been the current results in comparison to other’s research in the area as well as suggestions for future research.

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This thesis is to study the relationship among transformational leadership, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior within team levels and cross-levels. The analysis demonstrated in this thesis is based on 305 questionnaires collected from 63 leaders and 242 questionnaires from team members. The conclusions are listed as following. 1. The relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment (1) Transformational leadership positively impacts organizational commitment. (2) If the team members feel the inspiration from leaders, it will positively impact team members¡¦ value commitment; if they feel leaders¡¦ Idealized Influence, they will be positively impacted in retention commitment. (3) Transformational leadership is not the key factor of influencing team members¡¦ organizational commitment. 2. The relationship between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior (1) If the leaders enhance their transformational leadership, it will be helpful of strengthening team members¡¦ OCB in the aspects of identification with the company, interpersonal harmony, civic virtue, conscientiousness and altruism. (2) In cross level, transformational leadership does effect the correlation to interpersonal harmony.

In this age of variation and renovation, enterprise internationalization dominates the competition of enterprises. Confronted by keen competition, pursuing of sustainable management and development and promoting competitive superiority, the enterprises often adopt human resource management to inspire employees with hope to achieve and exceed the expectation of the organization. However, performance appraisal and compensation system are highly valued by the employees in human resource management. As for compensation system, the employees would measure the difference between what they actually acquire and what they expect to acquire and react on how much they identify with the organization and on their performance as well. This research aims at understanding how the below factors, performance appraisal cognition, compensation system cognition and personality traits influence the organizational commitment under the mediating effect of organizational justice. A questionnaire investigation was adopted in this research. Accessible population targeted on companies defined as honorary trainers of SMEs by Small and Medium Enterprise Administration in Ministry of Economic Affairs. Totally there are 500 questionnaires sent out of which 236 samples are retrieved. Weeding out 6 shares of ineffective ones without complete filling-in, there are 230 effective samples. Exploratory factor analysis, multiple regression analysis and path analysis methods are applied in the analysis and the result is as the following: 1¡BAmong performance appraisal cognition, compensation system cognition and organizational justice presents positive influence. 2¡BBetween organizational justice and organizational commitment presents positive influence. 3¡BBetween performance appraisal cognition and organizational commitment presents positive influence. 4¡BBetween compensation system cognition and organizational commitment presents positive influence. 5¡BIn addition to direct positive influence on organizational commitment, performance appraisal cognition also affects it via mediating effect of organizational justice. 6¡BIn addition to direct positive influence on organizational commitment, compensation system cognition also affects it via mediating effect of organizational justice.

It is normal for the personnel to quit job in the organization . The turnover of employee can give Organization new energy , but on the other hand they may influence the employee¡¦s working morale and bring negative impact . In this way, how to keep excellent employee in organization is important course to management level and human resources department. Especially When turnover rate is high, it is the duty of human resource department to fine the key point of problem and to solve possible negative influence. This essay want to research the influence within working character and turnover to fine personnel¡¦s working character for organization reference to know the factors of employee turnover on job character. Besides, add to factors of job satisfactions and organizational commitment to research, to understand whether the mediating effective existing increase or decrease effective on turnover intention .

There have been studies on the role of land use planning and development regulations on hazard mitigation and the importance of including these in effective mitigation planning initiatives. However, little empirical research has examined how the local capacity and commitment affect the adoption and implementation of land use and development regulations to mitigate any type of hazards in the coastal areas. This study investigates hazard mitigation policies and practices at municipal and county level in the Texas coastal area and examines the influence of capacity and commitment for the adoption and implementation of these hazard mitigation strategies and actions. The data utilized in this survey were collected as part of a web-based survey. Responses were solicited from 267 local jurisdictions that consist of 226 cities and 41 counties. The survey was targeted to leading planner, or mayor/city manager and county judges. In total 124 responses were obtained, yielding an overall response rate of 46%. Study results show that local jurisdictions are employing a very limited a set of land use and development regulations that the literature has identified as important for hazard mitigation. There are considerable differences between municipalities and counties in the implementation of those policies. Municipalities tend to put more effort in employing building standards and development regulations, whereas counties more extensively employ information dissemination and private-public sector initiatives. In addition, statistical models are developed to assess the influence of local capacity and commitment on the adoption and implementation of hazard mitigation policies and strategies. Other factors such as jurisdiction type and location, hazard experience and exposure as well as population characteristics, are also examined in multivariate models. Results suggest that capacity and commitment of local jurisdictions have significant effects on the adoption and implementation hazard mitigation policies and strategies. Additionally, factor such as floodplain area, jurisdiction type municipality, and hazard experience have strong associated with implementation of hazard mitigation policies and strategies.

Krav på flexibilitet har bidragit till att tidsbegränsade anställningar har ökat och bemanningsbranschen expanderat de senaste åren. Den nya utmaningen har blivit att bevara det organisatoriska engagemanget hos anställda när inte längre anställningstrygghet kan erbjudas. Studiens syfte var att identifiera vilka faktorer som påverkar unga, vidareutbildade bemanningskonsulters organisatoriska engagemang till bemanningsföretag och klientföretag. Åtta bemanningskonsulter uthyrda på heltidsuppdrag deltog i halvstrukturerade intervjuer. Materialet analyserades i en induktiv tematisk analys. Resultatet indikerade att bemanningskonsulterna utvecklar dubbla organisatoriska engagemang som påverkas av olika faktorer. De kritiska faktorerna är karriärmöjlighet, arbetskrav och inflytande, anställningsotrygghet, lön och förmåner, sociala aktiviteter och stöd, organisatorisk insyn samt personalsammansättning. Resultatet kopplas till forskning inom det psykologiska kontraktet. Studien visar att framtida forskning kvantitativt bör mäta huruvida de identifierade faktorerna på olika sätt påverkar organisatoriskt engagemang till bemanningsföretag och klientföretag.

Under de senaste decennierna har allt fler företag gått över från en hierarkisk organisationsstruktur till att vara mer decentraliserade. Denna förändring kräver en anpassning av styrmedel. Employer Branding används som verktyg för att vara en attraktiv arbetsgivare för både befintlig och potentiell personal och innebär ett slags värdestyrning. Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur Employer Brandingarbetet uppfattas av de anställda. En fallstudie genomfördes där sju anställda på ett företag intervjuades genom halvstrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer. En induktiv tematisk analys visade att de anställda upplevde att värdestyrning i samband med Employer Branding kan verka motiverande i det att ett företag väljer att stå för värderingar som stämmer överens med de anställdas. Även det externa Employer Brandarbetet upplevdes stärka de anställdas identifiering med företaget. Möjliga fallgropar är då ledningen inte lever som de lär. Studien ökar förståelsen för de anställdas perspektiv och kan användas för att förbättra företags Employer Branding.

I takt med att arbetsmarknaden blivit alltmer global vill företagen snabbt kunna förändra arbetsstyrkan vid behov. Detta har lett till att efterfrågan på inhyrd personal har växt och bemanningsbranschen har således blivit en naturlig del av den svenska arbetsmarknaden. Individer som arbetar på ett bemanningsföretag, ambulerande tjänstemän, är en del i ett trepartsförhållande med arbetsgivaren och uppdragsgivaren. Syftet med undersökningen är att undersöka ambulerande tjänstemäns relation till arbetsgivaren och vilken betydelse relationen har för känslan av tillhörighet till arbetsgivaren hos de ambulerande tjänstemännen. Till grund för undersökningen ligger intervjuer med fem ambulerande tjänstemän samt en gruppintervju med tre chefer. Vårt insamlade material analyserades sedan med hjälp av våra valda teoretiska utgångspunkter som vi ansåg kunde sammankopplas till den typ av tillhörighet vi ville undersöka, psykologiskt kontrakt, ”commitment” och socialt stöd. Analysen visar att tillhörighet kan sammankopplas med vilken uppfattning och relation den ambulerande tjänstemannen har gentemot arbetsgivaren. De ambulerande tjänstemännens önskan om tillhörighet till arbetsgivaren verkar även kunna sammankopplas med vilken tillhörighet de känner till uppdragsgivaren.

Utvecklingen mot virtuell och mobil samverkan i organisationer har skapat utspridda team som samarbetar med hjälp av tekniska lösningar (t.ex. e-post och telefonkonferens). Arbetets positiva faktorer för individen och för organisationen utmanas i virtuella sammanhang. Genom en enkätundersökning (N=38) undersöktes hur arbetstillfredställelse, tillfredställelse med teamet, teamets utspriddhet samt ömsesidigt uppgiftsberoende var relaterade till organisations- och teamengagemang. Engagemang mättes med frågor ur OCQ (Mowday et al., 1979). Arbetstillfredställelse och tillfredställelse med teamet var de viktigaste faktorerna för organisations- och teamengagemang. Enkätmaterialet kompletterades med intervjuer (N=5). De mest centrala teman i intervjuerna var att arbete i virtuellt team innebar anpassning och acceptans samt ömsesidigt tillit. Att arbetstillfredställelse gjorde skillnad i organisationsengagemang när teamets utspriddhet var hög uppmanar till framtida studier avseende virtuella team.