<p>Empati är känslan som väcks när människan lever sig in i någon annans situation. Forskning har visat att händelserna dödsfall av partner och skilsmässa är de mest stressfulla situationerna i livet. I två experiment undersöktes om dessa situationer även väckte mycket empati. Det första experimentet innefattade en berättelse där målpersonens kön och händelse varierade. Resultatet visade att kvinnor känner Amer empati för den som drabbas av dödsfall av partner än av skilsmässa, medan män känner lika mycket empati för de drabbade i de två händelserna; detta kan bero på att männens sociala nätverk är mindre än kvinnornas och därför tar en brytning väldigt hårt. Det andra experimentet gjordes på enbart kvinnor och undersökte vilket av dödsfall av partner och dödsfall av barn som väckte mest empati. Resultatet visade ingen skillnad mellan händelserna. Detta kan ha sin förklaring i att dödsfall av partner är den mest stressfyllda situationen i livet.</p>

Empati är känslan som väcks när människan lever sig in i någon annans situation. Forskning har visat att händelserna dödsfall av partner och skilsmässa är de mest stressfulla situationerna i livet. I två experiment undersöktes om dessa situationer även väckte mycket empati. Det första experimentet innefattade en berättelse där målpersonens kön och händelse varierade. Resultatet visade att kvinnor känner Amer empati för den som drabbas av dödsfall av partner än av skilsmässa, medan män känner lika mycket empati för de drabbade i de två händelserna; detta kan bero på att männens sociala nätverk är mindre än kvinnornas och därför tar en brytning väldigt hårt. Det andra experimentet gjordes på enbart kvinnor och undersökte vilket av dödsfall av partner och dödsfall av barn som väckte mest empati. Resultatet visade ingen skillnad mellan händelserna. Detta kan ha sin förklaring i att dödsfall av partner är den mest stressfyllda situationen i livet.

The research purposes of this thesis are to discuss the appropriateness of Yalom¡¦s use of the death issue in psychotherapy, and if the concept of death is different in Yalom, Heidegger and Freud. However, if we want to discuss this, we should discuss the correlation of Yalom¡¦s existential psychotherapy, Heidegger¡¦s philosophy and Freud¡¦s psychoanalysis of the unconscious. On the basis of these research purposes, the thesis will clarify these questions: 1. Is there any correlation of the death issue between Yalom¡¦s existential psychotherapy and Heidegger¡¦s ontology of being-toward-death? 2. Is there any correlation of the death issue between Yalom¡¦s existential psychotherapy and Freud¡¦s psychoanalysis of the unconscious? 3. After comparing these perspectives, this thesis will integrate the perspectives of death in Yalom¡¦s existential psychotherapy, Heidegger¡¦s ontology and Freud psychoanalysis of the unconscious to see if there is any special value in this dialogue frame. Also, what role does the death perspective play in connecting these three? This thesis hopes to better understand one of the ultimate concerns of Yalom ¡V death ¡V through the different points of view in Heidegger and Freud, and to clarify the special effectiveness and restrictions of using this concept in existential psychotherapy.

This dissertation analyzes social and legal influences on Texas death-sentenced prisoners who hastened their own execution. Using variables derived from research on other types of decisions to hasten death, I compare these prisoners with other similarly-situated condemned prisoners who did not seek to hasten execution, and develop a theoretical model for their decisions. In addition, I examine both how these prisoners explain their decisions, and how court proceedings can shape these explanations. The dissertation concludes with a discussion of the sociolegal construction of different rights to die. / text

In 1999, the Institute of Medicine estimated as many as 98,000 patients died each year in US hospitals as the result of medical errors. Five years later, another report estimated 195,000 people died unnecessarily. A recent study of patient safety in American hospitals concluded that 87% of Medicare deaths identified over a three-year period were "potentially preventable." The rapid response team (RRT) has been recommended as an effective strategy for reducing avoidable patient deaths as measured by patient safety indicator #4 (PSI#4), Death among surgical inpatients with treatable serious complications [formerly failure to rescue]. There is no research evidence to support the recommendation. The purpose of this exploratory research study was to describe RRT characteristics, determine RRT penetration, and measure PSI#4 (Death among surgical inpatients) rates among hospitals in a large metropolitan area hospital council. A retrospective, descriptive design was used during analysis of survey data collected from members of the hospital council and secondary analysis of administrative data submitted by the same hospitals to a regional data warehouse. All of the hospitals represented by survey submissions had implemented RRTs. The majority of teams was nurse-led and could be activated by a wide range of hospital staff and family members. The hospitals used evidence-based criteria for RRT activation. There was a downward trend in the regional PSI#4 rate from 2003 to 2008, which was not statistically significant, but may be considered clinically significant. Nurse administrators viewed RRTs as effectively supporting nursing care. This study provided a first look at RRTs in relation to an untested patient safety indicator that measured avoidable patient deaths. More research with a larger sample size with adequate power to support statistical analysis of differences in PSI #4 rates over time will provide evidence regarding relationships among hospital characteristics, RRT characteristics, and avoidable deaths among surgical inpatients. / text

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is a serious public health issue in this country and a major contributor to infant mortality in African American populations. African Americans have one of the highest rates of SIDS, some of which is due to increased risk factors for SIDS, such as prone sleeping and bed-sharing, as well as a lack of adherence to the SIDS risk reducing recommendations. Little is understood about this lack of adherence in the African American population or how to effectively address it but some research suggests a link between parental health beliefs of SIDS and the risk reducing recommendations and the implementation of these recommendations. This study used quantitative methods to gather data about the health beliefs and perceptions of SIDS among African American women living in Service Planning Area (SPA) Six of Los Angeles County to better understand the link between beliefs about SIDS and how this relates to implementation of the safe infant sleeping recommendations, specifically bed-sharing and prone sleeping. A self-administered questionnaire was developed to collect data using the Health Belief Model and several of its concepts as a guiding framework to assist with the construction of the questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed electronically through the survey software program, Survey Monkey and analyzed using statistical software, SPSS. Exploratory factor analysis found the questionnaire reliable and valid upon the removal of four items, including the construct of cues to action. The new 19-item questionnaire suggested that the women felt that SIDS was a big problem but didn't feel as susceptible. There was also a clear confusion about prone sleeping position. Overall, the data suggests a need for tailored educational campaigns in African American communities to increase awareness of and susceptibility to SIDS and stressing the benefits of supine sleeping position.

The HIV and AIDS pandemic that has struck worldwide has impacted not only on those whose lives it has taken but on the loved ones left behind to cope with the trauma, stigma and discrimination of the disease. HIV and AIDS presents a challenge to all, especially early adolescents whose lives, already complicated with their negotiation to adulthood, are also affected and infected by HIV and AIDS. How early adolescents cope with death is influenced by their developmental level as well as by their relationships to the deceased. Schools as secondary institutions of socialisation are charged with not only the academic development of their learners but also their physical, moral and social development as well. Schools are responsible for educating the learner in a caring school environment and educators are tasked with the added responsibility of providing pastoral care for their learners in times of distress. The inclusion of death education and policies to support learners following death becomes a necessity as the incidence of death increases. Research with regard to this study was conducted as follows:- • A literature study of available literature was done. • Qualitative research comprising the use of unstructured interviews was used to obtain data. Six participants from the class of a primary school who experienced the loss of a classmate participated in the research. Data was obtained during audio-taped interviews which were then transcribed and coded by the researcher to establish themes and categories. Conclusions were drawn from the data yielded in the research and the literature study and recommendations were made. The aim of these recommendations is to facilitate helping the Department of Education and Culture to empower educators in pastoral care and counseling who in turn will be able to assist learners in need of care. / Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2007.

The death of a parent has implications for learners at school in terms of interrupting / Thesis (M.Ed.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2007.